The Art of Successfully Applying Human Systems Integration

This paper reviews developments in human factors and then draws from a number of "best practice" cases in studying how best to apply behavioral science principles, knowledge, and analytical tools to the engineering design or improvement of systems. Government and other commercial experiences are examined with a focus on the Navy human system integration (HSI) process. Included are discussions facilitated at a workshop session sponsored by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. There is general consensus that in addition to using a well-designed or proven process and doing the right things, success is dependent upon attending to a prioritized short list of critical elements. Continued focus on these elements is necessary to successfully apply human behavioral sciences effectively during design, construction, and operation of systems to improve safety, reliability, effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of life.     

Importance of Addressing Human Systems Integration Issues Early in the Science and Technology Process

Historically, human systems integration (HSI) and other operational issues are not addressed during the science and technology (S&T) phase because the focus is on technology development. That view is to solve the "tough science" first, and the rest is simple application by a program office or operational forces. An imbalance between technology development efforts and total system performance considerations, e.g., total ownership cost, workload, manning, training, operational concept, skills, and human performance, leads to suboptimal solutions at best, and at worst prevents the technology's benefits from transitioning out of S&T at all. If HSI is not addressed during the S&T phase, the responsibility falls to the acquisition programs to ensure that operator, maintainer, and total system performance are optimized in the final design. By this point, cost and schedule constraints can make this prohibitive, limiting the options to either using a legacy system or accepting the technology with suboptimal performance and high life-cycle costs (because design problems lead to manpower, training, and human error problems). However, if the S&T community uses HSI in their technology readiness level evaluation criteria, the Department of Defense can reduce its out-year costs and recapitalize that funding to buy required weapons systems and platforms while still reaping the tactical benefits that a new technology offers.     

基于任务系统集成的舰艇作战系统体系结构设计过程

舰艇作战系统已演变为具有功能、地理、控制全分布式特征的复杂系统,系统研制向基于任务系统集成的趋势发展,其体系结构的设计需满足体系化作战需求。按照＂自上而下为主,兼顾自下而上,层次和内容均衡＂的原则,阐述了一种基于任务系统集成的作战系统体系结构设计过程,通过系统分析、建模、评估的迭代设计过程,实现对作战系统体系结构设计、验证以及系统性能评估。     

外国海军装备采办制度研究

分析外军主要是美军的海军装备采办制度及各部门的主要职责,介绍海军装备采购的主要方法,总结其先进经验与做法,提出完善我海军装备采办体系的建议.     

航运公司管理体系的整合

一、为什么要整合 2002年7月1日,是<国际安全管理规则>(简称ISM规则)2002年修正案正式生效之日.在这一日期前,所有国际航运公司及其管理的国际航行船舶都应按该规则建立起"船舶安全管理体系"(Safety Management System简称SMS),并通过由船旗国政府主管机关或其授权的认证机构,例如船级社进行的第三方认证,船公司取得<符合证明>(英文简称DOC,即公司证书),其下属国际航行船舶取得<安全管理证书>(英文简称SMC,即船舶证书).     

一种分布式作战系统数据采集模型

为实现分布式舰载作战系统状态监测,需要研究分布式系统数据采集的一般技术。首先研究分析了分布式系统的特性及常见模型,讨论了作战系统数据采集的技术难点,并在此基础上,通过结合作战系统分布式网络的特点,提出了一个通用的数据采集模型。基于该模型开发的数据采集系统已应用于新型舰载作战系统上,较好地解决了作战系统网络的数据采集分析问题。     

用定时器实现复杂计算过程的实时显示

提出了在VC++环境下通过定时器实现复杂、耗时较长的船舶航行性能计算过程的实时显示技术,并应用于笔者开发的ShipPO软件中,实践证明该技术是可行的.     

浅析舰船内外通一体化

分析目前由于国内舰船内、外部通信分离所产生的弊端,并在向下兼容原有内、外部通信设备的基础上,提出一种全新的基于综合通信平台的内、外部通信一体化方案.通过此解决方案,能大幅度提升现有舰船通信组织的效率,解决以前由于内、外部通信分离所产生的弊端.     

PDM系统在船舶设计业务中的集成研究和应用

本文分析了船舶设计数据信息的结构和特点,在PDM系统的开发、实施和应用的基础上介绍了船舶设计信息在PDM中的集成方案,并简述了船舶设计项目文件入库和信息提取的处理方法,并以此集成方案在实际项目上实现了应用验证.     

Applying Public Participation Geographic Information Systems for Coastal Wading Bird Conservation

Coastal estuaries in the northern Gulf of Mexico are important habitat for wading birds, but are threatened by land use and ecological changes. Conservation has been demonstrated to be more effective when stakeholders are included in the decision-making process. Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) facilitates the inclusion of stakeholder preferences in the planning process by allowing a direct spatial comparison with other ecological data. In this study, we used a PPGIS survey of residents of two counties on Alabama’s Gulf Coast to identify wading bird conservation hotspots as identified by local residents. Additionally, we assessed the ability of general public respondents to accurately identify wading bird habitat, determined whether participants associated wading bird habitat with particular land cover types, and examined whether respondents identified areas with high wading bird species richness. We found that respondents could accurately identify suitable wading bird habitat on a map of the study area, but underrepresented riparian forest, which is an important habitat for many wading bird species. Additionally, participants tended to prioritize areas that support higher wading bird species richness. Thus, this study demonstrated how PPGIS can function as an important tool for incorporating both stakeholder management preferences and identifying knowledge gaps.     

造船行业施行清洁生产的研究

为提高原料和能源的利用效率,实现造船行业的绿色环保发展,更好的保护人和环境。尝试将清洁生产的理论与方法导入造船业,提出造船行业清洁生产的概念,分析船舶工业清洁生产的意义、内涵、模式与途径。认为在船舶工业推广清洁生产,创建绿色造船企业,开展节能、降耗和再生利用,引进环境管理体系,加强清洁生产管理,能够增强船舶工业核心竞争力,促进船舶工业可持续发展。     

我国国际工程承包企业并购后的人力资源和文化整合

企业并购对企业竞争力的提升有显著的作用,我国国际工程承包中企业并购逐渐兴起。企业并购后的人力资源和文化整合是影响企业并购能否成功的关键因素,文章分析了我国国际工程承包企业并购后的人力资源整合和文化整合的内容,并对并购后如何实施人力资源整合和文化整合提出了建议。     

异构计算机辅助设计工艺数据集成技术

为满足智能制造对各种船舶计算机辅助设计系统的数据需求,以产品数据管理系统为平台,构建异构计算机辅助设计系统工艺数据集成平台,集成管理异构计算机辅助设计系统的数据和模型,实现计算机辅助设计系统的数据和模型到各型智能化设备管理系统的有效流转。     

PDMS元件库在自升式钻井船项目的应用

Vantage PDMS为一体化多专业集成布置设计数据库平台,可以进行工程设计最难点--管道详细设计,并可以进行设备、结构、暖通、电缆桥架、支吊架各专业详细设计,同时可以实现各专业间充分关联联动.该文主要研究VantagePDMS软件数据库在自升式钻进船项目配管方面的应用,其中主要包括管道元件库、管道等级库、螺栓库等方面的内容.文章对建库的主要方法进行阐述,对建库过程出现的问题进行研究,总结出Vlantage PDMS软件数据库在工程设计中的注意事项,并探讨了部分问题的解决方法.     

基于城乡一体化的快速巴士公交系统规划分析

分析了快速巴士公交系统规划的原则、思路及重点,以佛山市域为例,针对城市-城镇-村庄三级组团的结构,建构了主城区-强镇（特色镇）-一般镇-村庄的梯次合理层阶,提出了解决快速巴士公交难题的有效措施。     

无线电导航系统两种迭代伪码捕获算法的研究

为了得到最优的海洋无线电导航系统天波快速捕获算法,对迭代伪码捕获算法中的和积算法与最小和算法进行了比较研究,给出了两者的迭代步骤,并通过蒙特卡罗仿真对二者的性能进行了对比.仿真结果表明最小和算法的性能要优于和积算法,但是其复杂度高.同时仿真结果指出,由于环结构的存在提高两算法的迭代码长与迭代次数对性能的改善是有限的,当两算法的迭代码长为300,迭代次数为15时,其性能最优.最后根据两算法的特点给出了它们的适用范围.     

脉冲激光回波采集处理系统电磁兼容设计研究

信号采集处理电路是光电探测仪器的重要组成部分,对探测系统的性能有着十分重要的影响。激光器触发前产生的巨大充放电电流,会对系统中其他部分造成严重的电磁干扰,引发电磁兼容问题。文章根据脉冲激光回波信号特点设计了一种光电信号采集处理电路,对仅持续数微秒的脉冲激光回波信号进行高速采集。该采样电路垂直分辨率10bit,采样率60MPS,电路设计采用信号完整性设计思想,经验证可满足激光脉冲回波信号实时采样处理的要求。