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10月23日晚9时许,陆某驾驶重型罐装货车沿江苏省东台市老204国道由南向北行驶至范公大桥南路段,车辆左前角与同向行驶谢某驾驶的普通二轮摩托车相撞,右前角又与同向行驶李某驾驶的三轮车发生碰撞,致谢某死亡、李某受伤。事发后陆某驾车逃之夭天。 相似文献
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为了明确当前中国乘用车乘员主要安全风险类型,促进建立更加符合中国实际道路环境和交通事故特征的汽车安全评价标准和法规体系,以中国交通事故深入研究项目(CIDAS)数据为基础,利用基础分类变量对造成乘用车乘员死亡的事故场景做了分类统计。结果表明:以设计的新的事故场景分类方法,提取出6种适用于评价主动安全性能的高危冲突场景和7种适用于评价被动安全性能的高危碰撞场景;同时,通过与Euro NCAP和C-NCAP现行的测试场景比较,发现乘用车钻撞货车、驾驶员身体状况异常、正面撞柱和正面撞击护栏端头等场景无法被覆盖,表明C-NCAP、中国汽车标准化委员会、道路交通管理部门等机构需要通过相关场景的进一步深入研究,量化分析,建立更加符合中国实际道路环境和交通事故特征的汽车安全评价标准和法规体系;同时也指出若干需要尽快开展研究的相关课题。 相似文献
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对于汽车制动后发生的碰撞工况,乘员前倾将会增加人体损伤风险。本文进行了汽车预碰撞制动下乘员离位影响及参数优化分析研究。通过实车制动试验得到车辆在不同制动工况下的乘员颈部前向位移量分布区间;建立了MADYMO主动人体仿真模型,采用变量分析法研究不同制动波形下乘员离位特征;运用正交设计方法进行滑台碰撞试验,得到乘员离位因子对乘员碰撞损伤影响;建立乘员响应面模型,采用中心复合试验设计(Central composite design)方法,研究了主动式安全带参数与乘员离位位移之间的相关性,通过优化设计,得到了最优参数组合。 相似文献
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《汽车工程》2021,43(8)
针对自动驾驶车辆轨迹规划控制算法无法满足乘员个性化舒适性问题,结合自然驾驶数据和乘员乘坐舒适性需求,建立乘员个性化舒适性辨识方法。首先确定主观舒适性评价方式,基于标准ISO2631搭建频域和时域加权滤波函数,提取自动驾驶汽车乘员舒适性主客观特征参数,辨识乘员个性化舒适性与自动驾驶车辆行驶规划参数关系;随后搭建自然驾驶数采平台,采集影响舒适性的行驶参数和主客观参数;利用因子分析对行驶参数降维,得到三向运动(横向冲击、纵向加速、垂向振动)、行驶风险和效率影响因子;最后运用加权分析方法辨识模型,并通过卡尔曼滤波算法快速准确识别乘员个性化需求,得到舒适度加权方均根阈值。辨识结果表明:乘员主客观舒适度相关性达85.8%;三向运动因子对乘员舒适性影响大于行驶风险和效率因子;乘员个性化舒适性辨识率高达93.9%。本研究可为搭建考虑乘员舒适性的个性化轨迹规划控制算法提供理论支持。 相似文献
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为了提高营运车辆驾驶人安全管理的精细化水平,合理地评估驾驶人驾驶风险程度,有的放矢地降低高风险驾驶人的事故率,基于卫星定位数据特点及驾驶行为与驾驶风险的相关关系设计26个驾驶行为特征参数。考虑到高速和非高速行驶时相同驾驶行为对驾驶风险的影响区别较大,根据23名营运车辆驾驶人的实测数据有针对性地筛选高速和非高速路段驾驶人风险评估指标,构建营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估指标体系。然后,基于熵权法、独立性权系数法和Spearman相关系数法建立集成赋权法,确定各评估指标的权重。最后,雇佣40名营运车辆驾驶人进行实车试验以验证模型的合理性。结果表明:车辆速度和加速度方面的驾驶行为特征可以用于评估驾驶人的驾驶风险且评估效果较好,驾驶风险评估得分与实际交通冲突次数呈正相关关系,所建立模型可以较为准确地评估营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险的高低,准确率达到77.50%,该模型在不同地区使用时,准确率存在一定的差异,但在容许范围之内,方法具有较好的鲁棒性。 相似文献
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《公路交通科技》2020,(3)
长大下坡是大型车辆事故多发的典型路段,现有仿真模式多适用于宏观评价道路平面线形安全,无法反映驾驶人不同挂档决策对长下坡行车安全的影响。建立了重载货车整车模型、转向控制器和踏板控制器。根据重载货车自然驾驶数据,引入驾驶人控制边界约束,通过联合TruckSim和Simulink软件,设计了基于挂档加速、挂档滑行、挂档制动的长下坡行驶控制策略。提出了在车辆速度层面引入驾驶人操纵行为特征谱的虚拟仿真试验。根据当前路段驾驶人挂挡问卷调查信息,以1条实际长下坡道路作为算例,研究了不同驾驶模式下重载货车长下坡行驶特性。仿真结果表明:预瞄定速模式控制下的车辆节气门开度和车轮制动压力呈现相互交替态势,与车辆真实长下坡行驶特性不符,难以为长下坡道路安全改善提供客观依据,而挂挡下坡行驶控制模式能够反映重载货车在不同挂挡决策下的行驶特性;以车辆行车速度和单轮制动压力为评价参数,在当前仿真路段行驶过程中,重载货车7档位挂挡下行安全性能最优,8档位挂挡下行综合性能最优,其单轮制动压力高幅值波动区域主要集中于28.3~35.5 km路段,从而可为该路段驾驶人挂档决策优化、道路纵断面及避险车道位置设计提供一种新的思路。 相似文献
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载得动万千货物,却载不动万千悲哀。大货车,已成为名副其实的"大祸车"。来自公安部的一组数据令人震惊:目前我国货车保有量1900多万辆,占机动车保有量总数的7.8%,但货车肇事导致的死亡人数约占交通事故死亡总数的28%。2012年,货车的万车事故率比同期全国机动车的万车事故率高出1倍多,货车交通事故造成18621人死亡,平均每小时就有2条生命在货车事故中消逝。由公安部部署的一场行动引人关注:今年4月初至9月底,在全国开展货车违法行为专项治理,集中整治货车强行超车、强行会车、逆向行驶、闯红灯、超速行驶、超载行驶、疲劳驾驶、抢占道路霸道行驶、驾驶无牌无证车辆、驾驶报废或非法改装拼装车辆等"十大野蛮驾驶行为"。货车"野蛮驾驶"、违法违规已被诟病多年,群众反映强烈。对其细致把脉,既可看到一些货车驾驶人存在各 相似文献
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Speed limit is one of the essential factors associated with roadway safety. Spillover effect is the tendency of drivers to drive at a higher speed on relatively lower-speed non-freeway roadways after exiting higher-speed freeways. Speed studies were conducted on urban arterial roads with speed limits of 45 mph - all adjacent to freeways with speed limits of 55 mph and 70 mph. A comparison of speed differences between motorists who exited the freeway and those who were already driving on the arterial road was performed. Results showed that the mean speed and 85th percentile of passenger cars on arterials adjacent to 55 mph freeway were 47.3 and 51.1 mph, respectively, while the mean speed and 85th percentile of passenger cars on arterial adjacent to a higher speed 70 mph freeway were 49.5 and 53.4 mph, respectively. Differences in the mean speeds between vehicles exiting from freeways and vehicles already driving on the arterial road were observed at all four sites evaluated. This paper provides researchers, policymakers, and engineers with a better understanding of the effects of speed spillover on adjacent roads when determining whether to increase the speed limit on freeways. 相似文献
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To increase car passenger safety, the Brazilian National Traffic Council (CONTRAN) released Resolution 221, which defines the maximum passenger and driver biomechanical criteria in the event of a vehicle frontal impact. The vehicle maximum allowed biomechanical injury criteria will be enforced from January 2012 for new vehicles and in January 2014 for vehicles in production before January 2014. To standardize the test method to measure the driver and front passenger injury values in a frontal crash, Resolution 221 states that the tests must be performed according to the ABNT NBR 15300-1 standard, followed by the ABNT NBR 15300-2 standard or the ABNT NBR 15300-3 standard. The use of ABNT NBR 15300-2 or ABNT NBR 15300-3 standards is a free choice for the manufacturer of the vehicle. The ABNT NBR 15300-1 + 15300-2 test is similar to the FMVSS 208 standard in the United States in terms of its vehicle frontal impact test perpendicular to a rigid barrier with the use of seat belts by male model dummies. The test according to ABNT NBR 15300-1 + 15300-3 follows the European ECE R94 and 96/79/EC standards. However, ABNT NBR 15300-2 focuses on occupant protection during vehicle deceleration rather than occupant protection during vehicle deformation in a crash test. ABNT NBR 15300-3 tests occupant protection during vehicle deformation more than it tests occupant protection during vehicle deceleration. Therefore, this paper aims to show the types of test results produced by the ABNT NBR 15300-2 and ABNT NBR 15300-3 standards and their differences concerning occupant protection verification and discuss the manufacturer??s freedom of choice. 相似文献
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在许多交通事故中,如果有安全座椅的保护,儿童可以避免死亡或受伤。家长们现在也意识到了安全座椅的重要性,但目前儿童安全座椅实际使用率却很低,这与儿童座椅本身的人性化设计有关。为了提高儿童安全座椅的舒适性和趣味性,文章从儿童身心特点出发,对儿童座椅造型、材料、功能方面的改良途径进行了探讨,提出了通过造型与材料的完美结合来实现座椅怀抱式感觉,增加趣味组件实现座椅趣味化,使用网络技术+智慧硬件实现座椅感知功能、交互功能等人性化改良途径。 相似文献
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Annika Stensson Trigell Malte Rothhämel Joop Pauwelussen Karel Kural 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(10):1572-1617
ABSTRACTThis paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well. 相似文献
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道路交通事故的分析表明,造成“群死群伤”交通事故的主要形态是客车碰撞、翻滚和跌落,这与驾驶人员、车辆行驶环境以及车辆的安全性能密切相关。研究公路客车的安全性技术,制定符合我国国情的安全性法规,是减少公路客车道路交通事故的主要手段,同时可以推动公路客车制造技术的进步和发展。 相似文献
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