路面不平度对低路堤动应力的影响研究

基于正弦函数变化的路面不平度和两自由度的四分之一车辆模型,推导出车辆随机动荷载计算公式,研究路面不平度对车辆荷载作用下低路堤动力响应的影响规律。建立车-路耦合三维动力有限元模型,计算分析6种工况下不同路面不平度时车辆随机动荷载作用下低路堤的动应力,得出低路堤动应力均随路面不平度值的增加而增大,且与车辆附加动荷载系数m近似为线性关系;提出不同路面不平度时车辆随机动荷载作用下低路堤动应力计算模型,并对比有限元模型得到的低路堤动应力与应力计算模型得到的低路堤动应力。     

车辆动荷载对水闸交通桥结构安全的影响

为了研究水闸与市政道路联合布置时,闸上交通桥车辆动荷载对水闸结构安全和交通安全的影响,以上海市奉贤区南门港水闸为研究对象,建立三维有限元模型,采用线性时程分析法计算了车辆动荷载下交通桥的应力分布。经计算分析,车辆动荷载产生的应力主要由交通桥主梁承担,对水闸主体结构应力影响不大,闸路结合的方案总体是合理的;在不同的车辆参数(标准车辆和吊车,车速分别为60 km/h、80 km/h、100 km/h)和不同车流量下,交通桥主梁跨中应力峰值均不相同,因此为提高水闸运行的安全性,应对过闸车辆限速限载。     

车用结构胶有限元模型方法的分析与比较

随着车用结构胶技术的进步,其性能不仅可以满足大量新型复合材料的连接工艺要求,而且可以弥补在汽车碰撞过程中点焊连接工艺应力集中的缺陷,因此开展对车用结构胶的研究十分必要。文章从有限元方法分析的角度,在总结国内外有关结构胶有限元模型的前提下,综合模型的理论基础、模型计算时间、模型仿真结果与试验的比较等因素,评价各模型特点,结合整车碰撞有限元模拟的要求,论证得出一维模型方法更适用于整车碰撞模拟。     

Structural Optimization for Roof Crush Test Using an Enforced Displacement Method

A roof crush test has been utilized to reduce passengers’ injuries from a vehicle rollover. The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 216 and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) perform actual vehicle tests and evaluate the vehicle’s ratings. Nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization can be employed not only for achievement of a high rating but also minimization of the weight. However, the technique needs a huge computation time and cost because many nonlinear dynamic response analyses are required in the time domain. A novel method is proposed for nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization regarding the roof crush test. The process of the proposed method repeats the analysis domain and the design domain until the convergence criteria are satisfied. In the analysis domain, the roof crush test is simulated using a high fidelity model of nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. In the design domain, a low fidelity model of linear static response structural optimization is utilized with enforced displacements that come from the analysis domain. Correction factors are employed to compensate the differences between a nonlinear dynamic analysis response and a linear static analysis response with enforced displacement. A full-scale vehicle problem is optimized with a constraint on the rigid wall force from the analysis in the design domain.     

移动非均布荷载作用下的沥青路面动力响应分析

为更准确地模拟沥青路面实际的受力状态,基于弹性层状理论,借助大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了沥青路面三维有限元粘弹性模型,并对其施加非均布垂直和切向摩擦行为的共同影响,分析车辆在匀速行驶时,沥青路面在不同载重车辆荷载作用下的动力响应。结果表明,纵向最大拉应力位于基层层底,纵向最大压应力位于沥青面层。超载显著增加了各层结构应力,加速了路面结构的破坏。路面设计时应提高上层材料的抗压强度。     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥荷载试验研究

为检验某新建波形钢腹板-钢底板-混凝土顶板组合箱梁桥的施工质量及实际承载能力,分析该桥在等效车辆荷载作用下的静、动力特性,运用结构有限元分析软件MIDAS CIVIL对该桥建立有限元仿真模型。通过现场静载试验及动载试验,实测桥梁结构在等效车辆荷载下的静、动态数据并与理论计算值进行比对分析,以此验证简化模型的合理性和准确性,并对桥梁施工质量和实际承载能力做出评价。     

New approach for performing failure analysis of fuel cell-powered vehicles

Safety of hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles is a critical aspect of these new technologies, since any accident exposing occupants of such vehicles to unconventional hazards may result in significant setbacks to successful market penetration. Fuel cell and hybrid-electric drive systems are complex, and it is essential to perform a thorough analysis to determine critical failure conditions. There are several safety concerns for routine operation of such systems, particularly for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. A modified Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has been developed, along with a Criticality Analysis (CrA), to identify potentially hazardous conditions for crash and non-crash situations. A mathematical model of fuel cell operation has been developed and used here in conjunction with the FMEA. Component failures during the event modes are simulated using vehicle models developed with Matlab Simulink tools. Six simulation models were created using the software. In addition, a preliminary finite element model of a fuel cell vehicle, using a Ford Taurus (91′) model year sedan, has been developed and implemented. This finite element model is used as a demonstration of the crash simulation of the vehicle.     

车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥动力响应仿真分析

为研究桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的动力特性和承载能力,以某连续梁桥为计算实例,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了质量-弹簧的车辆模型和桥梁结构的有限元模型,用时程分析法分析了车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥的动力响应特征,着重探讨了车辆刚度、车辆质量、行车速度等车辆荷载因素对连续梁桥动力响应的影响规律,并提出相应结论.     

Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

Full drive-by-wire dynamic control for four-wheel-steer all-wheel-drive vehicles

Most of the controllers introduced for four-wheel-steer (4WS) vehicles are derived with the assumption that the longitudinal speed of the vehicle is constant. However, in real applications, the longitudinal speed varies, and the longitudinal, lateral, and yaw dynamics are coupled. In this paper, the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle as well as its lateral and yaw motions are controlled simultaneously. This way, the effect of driving/braking forces of the tires on the lateral and yaw motions of the vehicle are automatically included in the control laws. To address the dynamic parameter uncertainty of the vehicle, a chatter-free variable structure controller is introduced. Elimination of chatter is achieved by introducing a dynamically adaptive boundary layer thickness. It is shown via simulations that the proposed control approach performs more robustly than the controllers developed based on dynamic models, in which longitudinal speed is assumed to be constant, and only lateral speed and yaw rate are used as system states. Furthermore, this approach supports all-wheel-drive vehicles. Front-wheel-drive or rear-wheel-drive vehicles are also supported as special cases of an all-wheel-drive vehicle.     

Finite element analysis of collapse of front side rails with new types of crush initiators

Today’s vehicles are designed with lighter weight to increase performance and to lower fuel consumption, while at the same time meeting the demands of safety requirements. Reducing the cross-section of structural elements to achieve weight reduction can lead to adverse effects on passive safety of the vehicle. In such cases, necessary design modifications must be created to overcome the adverse effects. For this purpose, front rail columns with crush initiators are used in the front zone of cars. These shock-absorbing elements act as energy consuming devices that convert impact energy (kinetic energy) into plastic deformation energy. Simulation of this energy conversion phenomenon is the subject of this paper. The primary objective of this study is to computationally determine how various crush initiators can reduce the maximum crushing force and how different types of structural modifications affect the observed folding form. The ribs near the crash area are placed in two rows and four different configurations on all facing sides of the column in order to decrease reaction forces and absorb more kinetic energy. These structures are analyzed under axially loaded crushing forces using the explicit nonlinear finite element analysis solver ANSYS/LS-DYNA.     

On the interest of integrating vehicle dynamics for the ground propagation of vibrations: the case of urban railway traffic

This paper presents a complete numerical model for studying the vertical dynamics of the vehicle/track interaction and its impact on the surrounding soil, with the emphasis on vehicle modelling. A decoupling between the track and the soil is proposed, due to the difficulty of considering all the subsystem components. The train/track model is based on a multibody model (for the vehicle) and a finite element model (for the track). The soil is modelled using an infinite/finite element approach. Simulations of both models are carried out in the time domain, which is better able to simulate the propagation of the vibration waves and to take into account the possible nonlinearity of a component. The methodology is applied in the case of an urban tram track and validated with the available experimental data. Models for the tram, the track and the soil are described. Results from the complete model of the vehicle and a simple model, based on an axle load, are compared with experimental results and the benefits of a complete model in the simulation of the ground vibration propagation induced by railway vehicles are demonstrated. Moreover, a parametric study of the vehicle wheel type is conducted, which shows the advantage of a resilient wheel, for various rail defects.     

移动荷载作用下特大悬索桥的行车舒适性

为研究移动荷载作用下特大悬索桥的动力响应和行车舒适性问题,用正交异性矩形板单元弯曲形函数的6次Hermitian插值函数,通过Matlab编程把车辆移动过桥时的荷载转换成加劲梁各节点的荷载时程,用通用有限元程序ANSYS,对移动荷载作用下特大悬索桥动态响应进行了时程分析,给出了悬索桥在不同荷载作用下的数值分析结果。实例分析表明,该方法具有很好的适用性和很高的精度,加劲梁最大位移响应位于桥梁中跨的跨中位置,发生在移动荷载通过桥梁跨中位置前后。最后,通过对某悬索桥动力响应的时程结果进行小波变换,研究了该悬索桥的行车舒适性。     

无人粮食转运车车身刚强度分析

因有限元分析方法的不断成熟,使分析所得的结果准确度大幅提高,从而降低了研究成本,缩短了研发周期。基于这些特点,将有限元分析方法应用于各类车的设计研究。文章通过无人粮食转运车的结构特点,对该无人粮食转运车在四种典型工况下的刚度和强度进行了计算,分析了粮食转运车在这四种工况下运行时的位移变形量的最大值和应力最大值及其出现的位置,所得结果为新车型的车身骨架提供数据化参考。     

基于ANSYS的高速公路路基动力响应特性模拟分析

以京化（北京-阳原县化稍营）高速公路二期路基工程为研究对象,借助非线性有限元数值分析软件AN-SYS进行了数值仿真模拟,研究分析车辆动荷载作用下路基的动力特性。结果表明：车辆动荷载作用下,路基动应力随深度的增加而呈衰减趋势;车辆动荷载对路基竖向动应力值σy影响较大,而水平向动应力值σx影响相对较小;车速差异对路基动应力值影响显著;动应力值沿水平方向衰减较快,其传递距离存在一定的范围。     

基于桥头跳车动力作用影响的台背回填处治技术研究

在考虑车辆动力模型及路桥过渡段不平整几何模型的基础上,采用3轴9自由度车辆运动动力模型,结合弹塑性动力有限元方法,建立可用于分析路桥过渡段车辆振动荷载作用的路基路面动力响应三维有限元模型,计算结果表明,由于路桥高差的激振,车辆将产生一定幅度的垂向和俯仰运动,路面受到的最大动力荷载作用在距离桥头10～30 m范围内;考虑到通平高速公路1-5合同段主要分布为全风化花岗岩,试验结果表明,当地全风化花岗岩填料0.075 mm通过率越小,渗透性越好,可采用强度相对高、颗粒粗的全风化花岗岩填料进行台背回填,其他标段则采用符合规范要求的碎石土填筑。     

Lateral Stability of Towed Flexible Vehicles

The highway transport of mobile homes is a matter of concern for the increasingly safety-minded driving public. The low speeds of towed vehicles necessary to maintain stability, together with the requirements for excessive lane widths due to clearance for the lateral motion, result in increased likelihood of traffic accidents, impeded traffic flow, and reduced highway capacity. A safe increase in the stable cruising speed, coupled with a decreased amplitude in the pendular motion helps alleviate all three of the aforementioned problems. Energy input at hitch point and lateral forces between the road and tires permit lateral vehicular motions, which occur above a critical speed, to increase in amplitude until possibly a limit cycle or instability is reached. One would expect that structural dynamics could have a pronounced influence on the lateral response of towed vehicles with large and relatively flexible chassis, such as mobile homes. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of chassis structural parameters on the lateral stability of towed flexible bodies during transport. The mass of the towing vehicle is assumed infinitely large, thus eliminating any dynamic interconnection between the towing and towed vehicles. The assumed modes method is used to describe the lateral deflection of the flexible towed vehicle. Results of the study of this model indicate that increase in structural rigidity of towed vehicle increases the critical towing speed whereas increase in the tire cornering coefficient reduces the safe towing speed, which is true only for this simplified model where the dynamic interaction with the towing vehicle is not included.     

A Computational Procedure for Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis of Vehicles

In the research and design of vehicles, the accurate simulation of their dynamic behaviour is often of interest. Therefore, on the one hand, the non-linear properties of suspensions and tyres may not be neglected. On the other hand, the application of large mechanical models is necessary in order to get correct information about the local dynamic behaviour of critical parts or elements of vehicles. With regard to these requirements, in this paper, a special computational procedure is presented for the non-linear dynamic analysis of vehicles using large finite element models. Correctness, in comparison to COSMOS/M commercial finite element program, and applicability of the presented procedure is shown by the use of a bus finite element model containing 2214 degrees of freedom.