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长输管道沿途穿越戈壁、沙漠、沼泽、高山、冲沟、峡谷、河流等多种复杂地形 ,其中山区陡坡 (坡度大于 15°)地段由于纵横坡度大、易受滑坡、塌方、泥石流等地质灾害的威胁 ,因而成为施工过程中的关键控制难点之一。本文通过归纳国内外长输油气管道山地陡坡施工经验 ,结合陡坡地理特点 ,介绍了陡坡地带管道施工的主要流程 ,详细说明了施工便道及作业带修筑、防腐管运输与摆布、管沟开挖、管道组焊、防腐补口补伤等关键工序的主要施工方法以及施工中的安全保障措施。 相似文献
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城市地区地铁车站钻爆法开挖施工,将对周边建筑物和人员产生较大影响甚至造成危害。文章以重庆轨道交通环线洪湖东路车站钻爆法施工为例,详细阐述了爆破方案及爆破参数的设计,通过采用断面分部开挖、三级楔形掏槽、预裂爆破和逐孔爆破网路等技术措施,最大限度减少地表沉降和爆破地震强度对周边环境的影响。实践表明,地铁车站开挖采用本文提出的综合技术措施能显著降低爆破振动,减少钻爆施工对围岩的扰动,确保周边建筑物和人员安全。 相似文献
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文章主要是针对由锐角、钝角与直角结构组成的复杂洞室断面,其特殊部位的控制爆破开挖方案的设计、试验与施工技术进行的分析研究.在某水电站主机洞室的钻爆法施工中,通过利用岩体钻孔线状装药爆破的特点,设计出的多向布孔、分步爆破的施工方案,有效地实施了洞室小角度复杂结构断面特殊部位的爆破开挖,解决了采用爆破技术实施复杂结构断面地下洞室爆破开挖质量难以保证的难题. 相似文献
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文章结合靖西至龙邦高速公路龙邦隧道工程实例,对小净距浅埋偏压富水隧道施工技术进行研究,从地表冲沟处理、超前地质预报、洞身开挖、复合式衬砌支护及监控量测等施工环节,介绍了小净距浅埋偏压富水隧道的施工方案。 相似文献
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西气东输二线长输管道定向钻穿越府河工程,采用了大口径、长距离、入土端含卵砂石条件下的水平定向钻技术。文中介绍输气管道在府河复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越的设计方法与施工方案,论述定向钻穿越设计、处理卵砂层方法、导向孔钻进、扩孔、回拖、泥浆配置等技术,总结工程设计及施工经验,为大口径长输管道定向钻穿越技术在复杂地层中的应用和发展提供新的实践资料。 相似文献
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"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析. 相似文献
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Ngila Mwase† 《运输评论》2013,33(3):191-206
Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate. 相似文献
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Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation》1973,2(4):351-371
An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form. 相似文献
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针对海中箱梁现浇施工中的工程量大、工期紧迫、悬臂法施工不能满足工期要求和施工难度大等问题,文章结合青岛海湾大桥箱梁现浇施工实践,介绍以钢管桩支撑作为承载基础,采用贝雷梁与碗扣式支架相结合的支架,成功地解决现浇箱梁施工难题的方法。 相似文献