共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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运用FLUENT软件对斜坡上的含硫天然气管道的泄漏扩散进行了数值模拟,分3类情况进行分析:无风条件、向坡风和背坡风,根据H2S的毒性和CH4的爆炸极限分别得出了H2S和CH4的安全区域.经分析可知:无风和背坡风情况有利于H2S往下坡方向扩散,加上CH4的扩散,坡下和泄漏口上方形成较大的危险区域;向坡风情况能阻碍H2S和CH4的向下扩散,使危险区域能够近似处于竖直方向.将模拟得出的管道泄漏扩散规律与泄漏抢修的实际情形及相关研究成果结合分析,对斜坡这一特殊地形的含硫天然气管道泄漏提出了一些抢修方法. 相似文献
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根据催化重整装置工艺流程的特点,分析重整进料预处理(预分馏、预加氢)管道的腐蚀特点及腐蚀机理,按照腐蚀发生的部位,将装置的腐蚀分为湿H2S腐蚀和HCl腐蚀的低温腐蚀以及高温部位的H2/H2S腐蚀系统。同时对这两种不同腐蚀部位下的管道选材进行了探讨,提出了抗低温湿H2S腐蚀选材的具体要求和抗高温H2/H2S腐蚀的典型材料。文中介绍了已投产的某催化重整装置,目前该装置运行平稳,证明文中针对预处理腐蚀环境下提出选材要求是合理的。 相似文献
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某厂重油催化裂化装置轻柴油换热器管束使用5年后发生严重腐蚀,管束外壁腐蚀严重,多处腐蚀穿孔。通过调查分析,原因是轻柴油中含有少量H2S、HCl和H2O,形成了HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀环境,特别是低温部由于有液态水存在,腐蚀严重。通过多个方案对比,提出了采用碳钢管束渗铝技术,即节约制造费用,又提高了管束抗腐蚀性能,延长了设备运行周期。 相似文献
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硝酸盐和硫酸盐是大气细颗粒物中的重要组成部分,以往研究发现机动车尾气排放的气态污染物(NOX、SO2)对大气颗粒物的生成有一定的贡献,但忽视了机动车排放的金属氧化物对硝酸盐和硫酸盐生成的促进作用,因此本文对机动车排放的气态污染物与金属氧化物(MgO、MnO2、Al2O3、ZnO、CuO和Cr2O3)之间的反应原理进行了分析.研究表明,在不同混合气体条件下,NOX、SO2与上述不同金属氧化物反应生成的物种(硝酸盐、硫酸盐)促进了大气颗粒物的生成.同时,从金属氧化物表面物种的生成反应来看,各金属氧化物的非均相反应能力存在差异,且Cr2O3非均相反应较强烈.通过研究,丰富了机动车排放的颗粒物组分对硝酸盐、硫酸盐物种的形成机制的探讨. 相似文献
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设计了一种新型采油工艺管柱导向器,通过应用该导向器,在作业中实现管柱铰接,可有效解决由套管套变引起的封隔器损坏、失效现象,起到保护封隔器胶筒的作用.并可解决大斜度井、定向井工艺管柱偏磨与导向问题,减少对管柱接箍的损坏及对套管的刮磨破坏,提高其使用寿命.可广泛应用于油水井增产增注工艺管柱上. 相似文献
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Literature has shown potentials of Connected/Cooperative Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in improving highway operations, especially on roadway capacity and flow stability. However, benefits were also shown to be negligible at low market penetration rates. This work develops a novel adaptive driving strategy for CAVs to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings by controlling one CAV under vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Assumed is a roadside system with V2I communications, which receives control parameters of the CAV in the string and estimates parameters imperfectly of non-connected automated vehicles. It determines the adaptive control parameters (e.g. desired time gap and feedback gains) of the CAV if a downstream disturbance is identified and sends them to the CAV. The CAV changes its behaviour based on the adaptive parameters commanded by the roadside system to suppress the disturbance.The proposed adaptive driving strategy is based on string stability analysis of heterogeneous vehicle strings. To this end, linearised vehicle dynamics model and control law are used in the controller parametrisation and Laplace transform of the speed and gap error dynamics in time domain to frequency domain enables the determination of sufficient string stability criteria of heterogeneous strings. The analytical string stability conditions give new insights into automated vehicular string stability properties in relation to the system properties of time delays and controller design parameters of feedback gains and desired time gap. It further allows the quantification of a stability margin, which is subsequently used to adapt the feedback control gains and desired time gap of the CAV to suppress the amplification of gap and speed errors through the string.Analytical results are verified via systematic simulation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings. Simulation demonstrates the predictive power of the analytical string stability conditions. The performance of the adaptive driving strategy under V2I cooperation is tested in simulation. Results show that even the estimation of control parameters of non-connected automated vehicles are imperfect and there is mismatch between the model used in analytical derivation and that in simulation, the proposed adaptive driving strategy suppresses disturbances in a wide range of situations. 相似文献
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