传动轴弯曲固有频率理论计算方法研究

随着我国社会的快速发展,人们生活水平的提高,司乘人员对商用车的驾乘舒适性要求越来越高,商用车越发关注整车NVH性能。文章主要介绍与传动轴振动密切相关的弯曲固有频率的理论计算方法,并将理论计算结果与台架试验、CAE结果做比较,说明理论计算结果的准确性。     

换道操作对智能车辆乘客舒适性的影响研究

乘坐舒适性是决定乘客对智能车辆接受度的重要因素之一。为了提升智能车辆的舒适性,服务智能驾驶控制算法的设计和优化,开展了基于乘客主观感知的实车乘坐舒适性试验,试验中驾驶人驾驶传统车辆执行多次换道操作,获取了60名被试乘客对换道操作的舒适性评价数据,并采集了车辆的运动数据。选取换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度、横向最大加加速度、横向加速度转换幅值以及横向加速度转换频率这5个车辆运动参数作为研究对象。采用二元Logistic回归单因素分析法分析了这5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性的影响,采用接收者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析法为不同晕车易感性的乘客分别确立了这5个车辆运动参数的舒适性阈值,并根据岭回归分析法确定了不同参数对乘坐舒适性的影响权重。结果表明：所选取的5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性具有显著影响,易晕乘客的舒适性阈值小于不易晕乘客的舒适性阈值,在换道过程中,换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度和横向加速度转换幅值是影响乘坐舒适性的主要因素。最后根据车辆运动参数和乘客生理特征参数建立了基于动态时间归整(DTW)和K最近邻(KNN)算法的乘坐舒适性预测模型,该模型对乘坐舒适性的预测准确率为84%,可用于智能车辆控制算法的舒适性判断。     

电动汽车空调与采暖系统的设计与参数匹配

针对电动汽车的空调和采暖系统进行理论设计和参数匹配,并对电动空调制冷循环系统关键零部件进行合理选型,提高电动汽车的舒适性,有效地减少能量消耗。     

3-D numerical and experimental analysis for airflow within a passenger compartment

People use cars so frequently that they always consider the air-conditioning, and thermal comfort of the driver and passenger when buying a new car. Therefore accurate simulation of the thermal performance of automobile air conditioners to improve human comfort has become increasingly important. In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, 3-D flow motion and thermal behavior within vehicles must be analyzed. In this paper, a numerical simulation was used to investigate thermal behavior in a vehicle. Because air temperature at an air vent is related to the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, the cooling capacity was calculated using ɛ-NTU (effective number of transfer unit) theoretical equations. Using the air temperature relationship between inlet and outlet vents as boundary conditions, a 3-D unsteady κ-ɛ turbulent model was used to give a transient analysis simulation of the temperature field and flow conditions in a vehicle’s passenger cabin. Cooling cycle analysis and conjugate heat transfer analysis at the inside surface of the cabin’s ceiling, floor and sides were also considered. The predicted temperature distributions in the vehicles passenger cabin were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

汽车座椅舒适性的主观和客观评价研究

在对座椅机械结构及人体脊骨生理结构分析的基础上,从主观和客观两方面针对腰托对汽车座椅舒适性影响进行了理论和试验研究。研究表明腰托装置的设计及安装对人体的体压分布有显著影响,设计合理的腰托装置可明显改善汽车座椅的舒适性。     

基于坐席类型动态分配的旅客列车开行方案

为提高铁路部门服务质量和铁路旅客出行体验,并制定可满足旅客需求多元化的旅客列车开行方案,考虑坐席动态分配对旅客列车开行方案进行研究.从旅客和铁路运营部门2个角度出发,分别以旅客动态乘车广义时间最短和铁路收益最大为目标,以客流守恒、区间通过能力和满足客流需求等为约束建立多目标规划模型.通过Logit模型确定硬座、硬卧、软...     

铰接式自卸车橡胶弹簧悬架系统试验研究

采用模拟随机输入路面谱激励室内台架试验的方法,对装有新型橡胶弹簧悬架系统的某型号铰接式自卸车进行台架试验研究,以评价橡胶弹簧悬架系统的减振性能和整车行驶平顺性。试验结果表明由于橡胶弹簧悬架系统某些参数匹配不合理导致该车行驶平顺性很不理想,通过优化悬架及座椅的刚度和阻尼参数,可提高整车行驶平顺性,并给出了座椅弹簧的优化结果。     

公交客车分区域站立密度分布特征

为分析公交客车车厢内站立密度分布的不均匀性,通过调查西安7条线路平峰、高峰的客流量,提出了车厢内站立乘客流的变化特征.基于不同座椅布置模式,分析了不均匀性的起因、分布特征及相互间的关联性,确定了各特征区间内的最大站立密度区域,分析了在乘客选择站立区域的倾向性.结果表明,第一次驻足在B区域和C区域的选择倾向性比重占93.23%;当车厢平均站立密度ρ超过6人/m2时,"轴距1+1后通道1+1"和"轴距1+1后通道2+2"座椅布置的最大站立密度区域分别是B区域和C区域;选择C区域站立的倾向性比重在车厢内站立密度ρ不超过2人/m2时降幅明显,当乘客选择倾向性比重降至40% 后降幅趋缓.      

基于乘客密度的12 m城市客车座椅数目确定方法

为选用合理的座椅布置来适应运营时段内客流的变化,提高城市客车服务能力,调查了坐姿乘客在车厢地板上的平均投影面积,明确了划分不同运营时段的判别准则,提出了1种综合考虑坐姿和站立乘客的乘客密度指数,分析了车上人数和高峰流量系数对座椅数目最优解的影响;提出了公交线路上采用单一座椅布置情形下的12 m城市客车最优座椅数目确定方...     

人性化儿童安全座椅改良途径研究

在许多交通事故中,如果有安全座椅的保护,儿童可以避免死亡或受伤。家长们现在也意识到了安全座椅的重要性,但目前儿童安全座椅实际使用率却很低,这与儿童座椅本身的人性化设计有关。为了提高儿童安全座椅的舒适性和趣味性,文章从儿童身心特点出发,对儿童座椅造型、材料、功能方面的改良途径进行了探讨,提出了通过造型与材料的完美结合来实现座椅怀抱式感觉,增加趣味组件实现座椅趣味化,使用网络技术+智慧硬件实现座椅感知功能、交互功能等人性化改良途径。     

热带沙漠气候环境汽车空调系统的开发

阐述热带沙漠气候环境下汽车空调制冷性能的研究,对热带沙漠气候环境下整车空调系统的舒适性温度指标进行分析探讨;并以某车型出口迪拜的空调系统改进性开发为实例,从系统架构、性能指标、部件布置和试验验证等方面行介绍。     

Development of a model of the dual clutch transmission in autonomie and validation with dynamometer test data

Owing to ever more stringent regulations and customers’ expectations, auto manufacturers have been considering numerous technology options to improve vehicle fuel economy. One of these is transmission technology, which has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective technologies. Over the past few years, transmissions have significantly evolved and have impacted both performance and fuel efficiency. As one of the advanced tranmissions, the dual clutch transmission (DCT) is the first automatic transmission to provide better efficiency than manual transmissions. DCTs provide reduced shift shocks and better driver comfort in addition to higher top speeds and torques. In this paper, a model and shifting controller for the DCT are developed in the vehicle systems context using Autonomie, a model-based vehicle simulation tool. Finally, the Autonomie DCT model and control strategy are validated using vehicle test data from Argonne’s Advanced Powertrain Research Facility.     

Preview suspension control for a full tracked vehicle

In this study, preview control algorithms for the active and semi-active suspension systems of a full tracked vehicle (FTV) are designed based on a 3-D.O.F model and evaluated. The main issue of this study is to make the ride comfort characteristics of a fast moving tracked vehicle better to keep an operator’s driving capability. Since road wheels almost trace the profiles of the road surface as long as the track doesn’t depart from the ground, the preview information can be obtained by measuring only the absolute position or velocity of the first road wheel. Simulation results show that the performance of the sky-hook suspension system almost follows that of full state feedback suspension system and the on-off semi-active system carries out remarkable performance with the combination of 12 on-off semi-active suspension units. The results simulated with 1^st and 2^nd weighting sets mean that the suspension system combined with the soft type of inner suspension and hard type of outer suspension can carry out better ride comfort characteristics than that with identical suspensions. The full tracked vehicle (FTV) system is uncontrollable and the system is split into controllable and uncontrollable subspace using singular value decomposition transformation. Frequency response curves to four types of inputs, such as heaving, pitching, rolling, and warping inputs, also demonstrate the merits of preview control in ride comfort. All the frequency characteristic responses confirm the continuous time results.     

一种盆躺式座椅技术

当今的客车座椅、飞机座椅、动车座椅大多是“斜躺式座椅”。人体倾斜着躺在座椅上,舒适度很差。本文介绍的盆躺式座椅申请了发明专利,是一种舒适度极高、占地尺寸很小的新型客运座椅。     

汽车正面碰撞后排小体位假人伤害研究及优化

提出了一种相应的伤害优化方案,基于 C-NACP正面碰撞工况搭建碰撞分析模型,同时通过与正面 100% 重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验的 Hybrid Ⅱ 5th女性假人试验数据进行对比来验证模型的可靠性。基于对标结果进行优化设计,对比分析不同优化方案对乘员安全性的影响趋势。确定优化方案,即增加碰撞锁止锁舌、线性预紧器配置,增加座椅刚度,调整安全带限力值。与原始方案相比,在碰撞过程中后排女性假人总体得分提升84%。根据C-NCAP星级评定规程,此后排女性假人得分高于94%,成绩优秀,验证了方案的有效性,可为后排小体位假人伤害的优化研究提供参考。     

基于晕动症的汽车舒适性研究

晕动症是评价汽车舒适性的一个重要方面,为有效提高乘客抵抗晕动症的能力,提高其在汽车上的舒适性,研究了汽车上引起乘客的晕动症的因素的问题,通过对晕动症模型的建立,并对其主要因素进行探讨。结果表明该晕动症模型是一种有效的降低晕动症发生率,有效提高汽车舒适性的模型。     

NVH测试在汽车后桥异响噪声源分析中的应用

汽车后桥异响噪声是汽车常见噪声之一,影响乘客的乘坐舒适性。文章通过测试某汽车的啸叫噪声,将测量数据中的某一阶次噪声与总噪声的频率曲线进行对比,从而寻找后桥异响产生的原因。最终查明该异响噪声源由主减速器齿轮啮合噪声产生。为运用NVH测试方法查找汽车后桥噪声源,优化汽车NVH性能提供了依据。     

Investigating the influence of rail grinding on stability,vibration, and ride comfort of high-speed EMUs using multi-body dynamics modelling

ABSTRACT

High-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) have been popularised rapidly all around the world and have become a major transportation method. Increases in running velocity and wheel-rail deterioration lead to excessive vibration and reduced ride comfort, which are common issues encountered in the operation of high-speed EMUs. While built-in sensors on a car body are able to detect abnormal vibrations in the car body itself, they cannot effectively reflect the ride comfort of passengers. Wheel-rail profile matching can improve the wheel-rail interaction, and rail grinding has thus been introduced as a practical solution to alleviating the aforementioned problems. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of rail grinding has not been investigated theoretically. This study develops flexible car body and human body models based on the rigid-flexible coupled method to systematically study the effects of wheel-rail wear and rail grinding on passenger ride comfort. Case studies show that the proposed models can predict the ride comfort of passengers accurately. It is also demonstrated that rail grinding can significantly alleviate excessive vibration and improve passenger ride comfort in the long term. A long-term investigation reveals that rail grinding can improve the smoothness of the rail surface and reduce the damage to the rail.     

影响轿车乘降性能主要因素

针对轿车在总布置基本尺寸及硬点的确认过程中,如何确保设计轿车具有较好的乘降陛能（出入车方便性）,文章从驾驶员和乘员与汽车门洞、座椅、方向盘、B柱、门槛及车门等方面阐述了进出车厢方便性能的主要因素及相关尺寸的设计控制方法,提出了一些供设计者参考的设计经验数值,指出任何尺寸定义都不能独立于其他尺寸或硬点的定义之外,要考虑造型、结构、安全及性能等方面要求。     

汽车座椅常见异响故障及解决方案

随着人民生活水平的提高,汽车在生活中扮演的角色也越来越重要.随着科技的进步,汽车将不仅仅是人类出行的载体,更将是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分,汽车将成为人类最亲密的伙伴.不管科技如何进步,汽车座椅都是汽车重要的组成部分.汽车座椅的功能也越来越强大,从最初的人体支撑,到现在座椅具备多项调节,满足不同人群的使用需求,汽车座椅...