"威望号"启示录

我国拥有长达1.8万公里的海岸线,388万平方公里的领海和近300万平方公里的管辖海域,倘若就运油量与溢油事故的比例来说,中国海域越来越频繁的溢油事故应该引起足够的重视.据专家预测,到2020年中国的石油需求量将达到4亿吨,其中60%要靠进口.如何保护我国海域和应对将来可能发生的溢油事故,都是值得深思的.     

VDR"冗余"供电,警惕好心办错事

航行数据记录仪可在发生事故前后一段时间内安全和有效地存储船舶运行状态、位置轨迹、以及船舶操作和决策人员的指令及执行情况等信息.一旦船舶发生事故,相关海事管理部门可以从获取的航行数据记录仪中读取信息,以尽可能真实完整的还原事故过程,并为事故原因的调查分析提供有力支撑.它可以说是在通常情况下并不起眼,但在关键时刻发挥重要作用的船载设备.     

"沙河口"号船海难事故给我们的启示

回顾了“沙河口”号船在海南省三亚榆林港锚地发生海事的经过,分析了事故原因,并提出避免事故的具体措施.对特殊用途的专用船舶如何保证其航行安全和操作安全有很好的借鉴意义.     

整顿滚装船无奈"三超"车

纵观近年来我国滚装船事故频发的原因,多为搭载的车辆超载(超重、超高、超长),使船舶的系固设施难以有效捆扎.汽车在海上风浪的颠簸中发生位移、碰撞,产生火花,油箱中汽油外溢,引燃、引爆,酿成火灾;灭火用水在无法排出时形成自由液面,导致翻船、沉船.这一连串事故发生后,引起有关部门对滚装船(客滚船)的高度重视.     

中国救捞史上创新之举——记"大舜"轮整体打捞成功

1999年的".11.24"渤海海难事故,是我国建国以来最大的一次海难事故.交通部救捞局奉命整体打捞"大舜"轮,这是一项重要的事故善后工作,事关稳定,事关大局,中央关心,群众瞩目,责任重大,任务艰巨.     

咄咄逼人:船上要装"黑匣子"

在20世纪90年代国际航运空前发展的历程中,伴随着一个高大的阴影--新的海难事故的高峰层出不穷.     

"AIS致碰"原因分析与履约建议

船载AIS能够帮助值班人员提高情景意识,作出避碰决策。然而,从近年来的事故调查中发现,AIS使用不当已成为导致许多海上碰撞事故的重要因素。在对“AIS致碰”原因进行深入分析的基础上,从修订《船载自动识别系统(AIS)操作使用指南》[IMO A.1106(29)号决议]、修订《1972年国际海上避碰规则》、加强履约管理等方面提出规范AIS使用、预防“AIS致碰”事故的履约建议。     

从海洋环境保护的角度分析"避难地"的法律问题

近年来大型油轮事故引发了"避难地"的国际性法律问题.如何看待和正确处理这一法律问题已摆到许多国家的工作日程之上.在回顾"Erika"轮、"Caster"轮和"Prestige"轮事故所引起"避难地"法律问题的基础上,介绍了目前"避难地"问题的国际法律背景和世界有关国家涉及"避难地"方面的国家立法与观点等相关情况.同时,就"避难地"问题的本质、立法途径进行了讨论.     

"JS"轮与"GR"轮碰撞事故调查

2007年5月12日0308时左右,从烟台开往大连的圣文森特籍集装箱船"JS"轮和从营口开往韩国DANGZIN港的韩国籍杂货船"GR"轮在38°14'.41N121°42.17E处发生碰撞,事故造成"GR"轮沉没,船上16名船员6人死亡、10人失踪.     

小型船舶防"倾"与防"撞"

小型船舶因稳性、进水角和储备浮力决定了它倾覆时间小于大船的瞬间性和事故频率高于大船的规律性。预防和控制小型船舶事故就应把重点放在预防和控制险情发生上,而不能放在险情发生后的应变上。     

Extension of the super-elements method to the analysis of a jacket impacted by a ship

The aim of this paper is to present a simplified analytical method for estimating the crushing resistance of an oblique cylinder impacted by the stem of a striking ship. The collision angle of the vessel is arbitrary, i.e. oblique collisions are also considered in this article. The two extremities of the tube are assumed to be clamped. These developments are intended to be used for evaluating the crashworthiness of an offshore wind turbines jacket. To achieve this goal, closed-form expressions are first derived for the particular situations of a horizontal and a vertical cylinder by applying the upper-bound method. An interpolation formula is then proposed to get the resistance opposed by the tube for any inclination angle. In order to validate these theoretical developments, some comparisons are made with the results of numerical simulations. These latter are performed using the finite elements software LS-DYNA. In almost all cases, the analytical prediction of the resistance is found to be in quite good agreement with the numerical ones. Finally, another comparison is made by simulating an OSV collision with a full jacket. In this case, the theoretical model is found to be insufficient for large impact energies and points out the need of further research.     

对航海类专业学生就业指导的思考

航海类专业是海上艰苦行业,做好航海类专业的就业指导工作,有利于优化航海人才资源配置,促进我国航运事业的持续健康发展。针对航海类专业学生在就业中存在的问题,提出航海类专业学生就业指导的建议。     

蓄电池在海洋平台的应用

本文以应用在海洋平台的蓄电池为对象,通过各种类型电池特性对比,给出了它们在海洋平台的具体应用;并以UPS蓄电池和柴油发电机组起动用蓄电池为重点,结合锦州25-1 T程项目,着重分析其容量估算过程:同时根据海洋平台环境特点,进一步阐述了蓄电池在海洋平台使用的注意事项及维护保养措施,从而对海洋平台所用蓄电池选型、容量估算及...     

超宽带对卫星通信业务的干扰分析

针对超宽带（UWB,Ultra Wide Band）设备对窄带无线业务的干扰,通过对UWB空间分布进行投影和方位加权,提出一种新的三维投影干扰分析模型。该模型适于分析UWB设备对高增益、强方向性受扰设备干扰。在此模型基础上分析UWB对卫星通信业务的干扰,通过仿真得出了C波段卫星通信业务对UWB的使用限制。     

应用涡流发生器抑制联体涡空泡研究

为解决某散货船螺旋桨模型空泡试验中发现的桨一船联体涡空泡,以及由此而引起的船体强烈振动,文中通过试验进行了涡流发生器控制桨一船联体涡空泡的应用研究.研究结果表明:船体周围的流动是造成桨一船联体涡空泡的主要原因,通过改变桨的设计不能根本解决问题;通过安装适当的涡流发生器能够成功抑制桨一船联体涡空泡的产生,并使螺旋桨空泡诱导的船体脉动压力减小1/2～1/3左右.     

论延长发动机使用寿命的有效途径

根据天津港多年来设备管理的探索与实践,从5个方面总结了延长发动机寿命的经验,即加强润滑管理,加强"三滤"管理,加强冷却液管理,司机的正确操作和定期不解体调整。这些做法取得了显著的成效,对设备管理具有实际指导意义。     

虚拟环境下的舰船维修性设计方法探讨

针对当前舰船维修性设计中遇到的问题，对利用虚拟现实技术解决舰船的空间可达性、视觉可达性等问题的方法进行了探讨，并提出了可行的解决方法，该方法对于提高维修性设计效率、节省设计经费具有积极的作用。     

A trial application of FSA methodology to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a formal, structured and systematic methodology, aimed at enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, property and marine environment, by using risk and cost–benefit assessments. For the application of this methodology to the rule-making process, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented the Interim Guidelines, which describe procedures of FSA and inputs/outputs of each procedure in detail. This paper basically deals with an application of FSA methodology according to the IMO's Interim Guidelines to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers, which was carried out as a cooperative research between Korean Register of Shipping and Seoul National University. As results of this application study, 18 hazards are identified and 32 risk control measures are devised to reduce the associated risks. Potential risks, costs and benefits when some Risk Control Options are introduced are evaluated in monetary unit of US $. Finally, some discussions and recommendations based on experiences are also given for both future work and better application of this FSA methodology to the rule-making process.     

An approach to estimating the hull girder response of a ship due to springing

This article describes an estimation method for the hull girder response of a ship due to springing. The linear and nonlinear springing effects on the hull girder are evaluated. Previous studies on the springing response focused mainly on the symmetric response, or vertical response. In this article, however, the springing analysis is extended to asymmetric responses, or horizontal and torsional responses. The Timoshenko beam model was used to calculate the hull girder response and the quadratic strip method was employed to calculate hydrodynamic forces and moments on the hull. To remove irregular frequencies, a rigid lid was adopted on the hull free surface level and hydrodynamic coefficients were interpolated for asymptotic values. Applications to two ships for the symmetric and asymmetric responses were carried out and the effect of springing responses is also discussed.     

南半球西风带操船环境危险度的安全评价

西风带航段是通往南极的必经之路,这一航段的气象条件极为恶劣。通过参加第１６次南极考察收集到西风带航段的气象资料,利用基于模糊推理方法对西风带航段的操船环境危险度进行了评价。通过对西风带航段操船环境危险度评价值的分析,得出了一些有益的结论,它对于为进一步研究选择过西风带的最佳航及在大风浪中把握操纵船舶航向的时机提供了理论依据。