分布式电驱动商用车驱动防滑控制

针对分布式电驱动商用车辆驱动防滑控制中存在的系统响应惯性大及输入受限等问题,以车轮实时滑移率和路面条件提供的参考滑移率之差为控制变量,以受扭矩特性限制的电机输出力矩为系统输入,设计一种滑模变结构控制器,并引入饱和函数,削弱系统响应时产生的振荡。通过使用Matlab/Simulink软件对控制系统进行仿真分析,结果表明该控制器能在输入受限的情况下很好地跟踪路面参考滑移率,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

指数趋近率的模糊滑模四轮转向控制方法

针对线控四轮转向车辆,提出了一种基于指数趋近率的模糊滑模四轮转向控制方法。设计了以车辆方向盘转角为系统输入,车辆前、后轮转向角为输出的模糊滑模控制策略,通过跟踪预设的二自由度车辆理想转向状态,使实际转向状态趋近于理想转向状态。通过设计模糊控制器,降低了滑模控制过程中的抖振现象。最后通过三种不同工况进行滑模控制效果的一致性和鲁棒性验证。结果表明,该控制方法具有较好的瞬态响应特性,并且在一定界限的干扰下保证车辆运行状态不发生巨大变化。     

半主动悬架的滑模变结构控制

针对带有电流变液智能阻尼器的半主动汽车悬架模型,运用滑模变结构方法设计了半主动悬架滑模控制器。根据滑模运动方程稳定的Hurwitz判据选择滑模面系数,用指数趋近率改善滑模运动段的动态品质并进一步确定了半主动悬架的实时控制阻尼力。对多种激励信号下隔振质量的响应及半主动悬架系统在系统参数摄动下的鲁棒特性进行了仿真分析。结果表明:变结构控制下半主动悬架系统的隔振效果要远好于最优被动系统,而且对外界扰动有一定的适应性,对系统参数摄动也具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于滑模理论的车用EGR系统混沌控制

基于高阶滑模混沌控制的快速稳定和高效鲁棒特点,建立了柴油机EGR系统动态数学模型;设计了柴油机EGR系统的误差评估滑模面、滑模控制率与混沌控制器;针对EGR阀动态控制规律与响应迟滞机理,制订了柴油机EGR阀的控制、修正与优化策略。利用Control Core软件,对EGR阀的响应特性、占空比和EGR率进行了仿真,实现了高阶滑模混沌控制器对EGR系统精确修正、优化与控制。依据柴油机瞬态测试循环法规,进行了增压柴油机EGR系统的动态响应特性和排放测试等试验。试验结果表明,该高阶滑模混沌控制器性能可靠、处理能力强、控制精度高,满足柴油机EGR系统的控制要求。     

汽车动力系统的滑模控制

汽车动力系统是一个非常复杂的系统，不仅系统的参数较多，而且有着非常严重的非线性，这使得汽车动力系统不易在线辨识，只能选用鲁棒性控制，本文采用滑模控制理论进行控制器设计，对基于循环的增压柴油发动机离散平均值模型和基于时间的传动系平均值模型进行了多级滑模面的串级滑模变结构控制，最终使车速信号能精确地跟踪给定的车速参考信号。     

基于最小模型误差估计的智能汽车路径跟踪控制

为提高分布式驱动电动智能汽车在自主循迹过程中关键参数的估计精度并降低模型不确定性对控制系统鲁棒性的影响,本文中提出了一种基于观测器的自适应滑模路径跟踪控制策略。首先,针对难以直接精确测量的车辆纵、侧向速度,建立了5输入3输出3状态的状态估计系统,并采用最小模型误差准则以降低估计过程轮胎的非线性特性带来的观测模型误差。接着,基于运动学模型,计算出了路径跟踪期望横摆角速度响应,并采用自适应滑模算法实现主动转向控制。考虑线控转向系统的潜在失效风险,引入径向基神经网络对系统不确定性进行在线估计。同时,设计了直接横摆稳定控制器并采用最优转矩分配策略,进一步提高车辆的稳定性。最后,对车辆状态估计和路径跟踪进行了Carsim/Matlab联合仿真,结果表明:基于最小模型误差准则的观测器能取得较可靠的估计结果,路径跟踪控制器能保证车辆具有较好的跟踪精度和鲁棒性。     

基于滑模理论的半主动悬架控制

建立了4自由度的1/2车辆悬架模型.采用极点配置法进行切换超平面的设计,基于滑模理论并应用自由递阶法进行多变量变结构滑模控制器的设计,并用光滑函数消减系统抖振.研究了系统在随机激励条件下的车身垂向加速度与俯仰角加速度、前后悬架动行程和前后轮胎动位移等性能的控制效果,并对其进行了功率谱密度的仿真分析.仿真结果表明:该滑模控制器性能稳定,控制后悬架各性能参数在时域和频域中均得到明显改善,证明了所设计的多输入滑模控制器的有效性.     

汽车ABS系统智能滑模控制器的研究与设计

文章首先分析了车辆制动系统的主要结构,并建立了其主要功能模块的数学模型;而后在对系统可观测性论证的基础上,将神经网络理论方法和滑模控制理论方法相融合,设计一种基于滑移率的智能滑模控制器,提出了车轮最佳滑移率的离线辨识方法;并将智能滑模控制器和最佳滑移率的离线辨识方法应用于改善车辆ABS系统刹车性能,提高安全控制效果上。对单轮系统车辆的仿真表明:所设计的控制器控制效果具有较强的鲁棒性,无论何种路面车速如何相对于普通的滑模控制器,该智能滑模控制器都能更好地控制车辆使滑移率保持在更佳的数值,从而提高了制动效率,缩短了刹车时间缩小了制动距离。     

双容水箱液位控制系统的设计

船舶上用到的多输入/输出的液位控制系统是一个非线性系统,常存在容积延迟时间长、抗干扰能力差的现象。运用滑模控制算法,并用组态王(Kingview)编制了上位机控制界面和算法程序,组建接近于实际的控制系统。通过在线运行,获得滑模变结构控制自适应能力强,动态、静态品质优良,鲁棒性好等优点,有效地解决了类似系统难于控制的问题。     

汽车自动离合器的动态滑模控制

针对自动离合器的非线性特性、易受外部干扰和参数不确定性的特点,采用动态滑模控制器实现离合器的有效控制,该控制器能有效缓解抖振现象并提高自动离合器的鲁棒性.为验证所采用控制器的有效性和鲁棒性,建造了基于dSPACE的自动离合器快速控制原型试验平台并进行试验.结果表明,与PID控制器和常规滑模控制器相比,所采用的控制器具有更好的控制性能.     

车-车协同下无人驾驶车辆的换道汇入控制方法

多车协同驾驶是智能车路系统领域的研究热点之一,可有效降低道路交通控制管理的复杂程度,减少环境污染的同时保障道路交通安全。基于多车协同驾驶控制结构,提出了一种无人驾驶车辆换道汇入的驾驶模型及策略,系统分析了多车协同运行状态的稳定条件。在综合分析无人驾驶车辆换道汇入的协作准则、安全性评估后,基于高阶多项式方法,结合车辆运行特性,通过引入乘坐舒适性的指标函数,设计得到无人驾驶车辆换道汇入的有效运动轨迹。通过研究汇入车辆与车队中汇入点前、后各车辆的运动关系,详细分析车辆发生碰撞的类型和影响因素,给出避免碰撞的条件准则,从而确保无人驾驶车辆汇入过程中多车行驶的安全性和稳定性。基于车辆运动学建立车辆位置误差模型,结合系统大范围渐进稳定的条件,选取线速度和角速度作为输入,应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和Backstepping非线性控制算法,设计了无人驾驶车辆换道汇入后的路径跟踪控制器。仿真试验和实车试验结果表明：所设计的换道汇入路径是可行、安全的,控制器具有良好的跟踪效果,纵向和横向的距离误差在15 cm以内,方向偏差的相对误差在10%以内。研究结果为智能车路系统中的多车状态变迁与协同驾驶研究提供了参考,可服务于未来道路交通安全设计和评价。     

Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

Generalised multi-axle vehicle handling

The familiar two-axle bicycle model and associated basic concepts of vehicle handling are reviewed and used to introduce minor changes in convention from the literature. The two-axle model is extended to a three-axle vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the notation combined with a simplifying mathematical identity found in the two-axle vehicle literature. A generalised model is then developed that produces dynamic equations of motion by inspection for a vehicle with an arbitrary number of steerable and non-steerable axles. Furthermore, the vehicle dynamic concepts of understeer and wheelbase are generalised and can be directly computed for various arbitrary vehicle configurations.     

Overturning Stability of Three Wheeled Motorized Vehicles

Three wheeled motorized vehicles are a major mode of public transport in many countries. These vehicles are prone to overturning even during normal turning and obstacle avoidance maneuvers. This paper presents a parametric analysis of a mathematical model of the vehicle and evolves guidelines for improving the overturning stability in terms of vehicle geometry and suspension properties.

Differential equations governing the dynamic behavior of the vehicle are derived on the basis of a six degree of freedom model. The vehicle response to variations in steering, engine power and braking inputs is then numerically simulated. The effects of vehicle geometry and elasto-damping suspension coefficients on the vehicle stability are presented. The results indicate an optimum position of the center of gravity where the vehicle is most stable. While stiffer suspensions favour stability, there exists an optimum value of suspension damping for which the minimum wheel load is a maximum.     

Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

前轮转角和车轮制动状态对汽车轨迹模拟的影响

对于碰撞后失去动力的汽车，建立其运动轨迹的计算机模型需要碰撞后汽车的初始速度和前轮转角，制动情况等初始值作为轨迹模型的输入参数，以便观察碰撞发生后的汽车运动情况。分析了碰撞后汽车车轮的受力情况，给出不同初始值情况下的轨迹模拟模型。分析结果得出，车轮在自由状态下，前轮的转角对汽车的运动距离有较大影响；当前轮转角为零时，汽车的质心运动几乎为一条直线；当车轮未完全抱死且前轮转角不为零时，汽车的质心运动为一条曲线。     

On the equivalent wheelbase of a three-axle vehicle

The steady-state handling properties of a rigid vehicle with a tandem rear axle configuration are developed. This work uses conventions resulting in a parsimonious characterisation of steady-state handling of such three-axle vehicles that is shown to be a simple extension of the well-known two-axle bicycle model. Specifically the concepts of understeer and wheelbase are developed for a three-axle vehicle, and shown to play the same role in characterising vehicle handling as they do in the well-known two-axle vehicle model. An equivalent wheelbase of a three-axle vehicle is expressed in terms of vehicle geometry and cornering stiffness of each axle. The model developed in this work is reconciled with previous models that make use of simplifying assumptions found in the literature.     

Design and Evaluation of Robust Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Systems in Parameter Space

This paper is on the design of cooperative adaptive cruise control systems for automated driving of platoons of vehicles in the longitudinal direction. Longitudinal models of vehicles with simple dynamics, an uncertain first order time constant and vehicle to vehicle communication with a communication delay are used in the vehicle modeling. A robust parameter space approach is developed and applied to the design of the cooperative adaptive cruise control system. D-stability is chosen as the robust performance goal and the feedback PD controller is designed in controller parameter space to achieve this D-stability goal for a range of possible longitudinal dynamics time constants and different values of time gap. Preceding vehicle acceleration is sent to the ego vehicle using vehicle to vehicle communication and a feedforward controller is used in this inter-vehicle loop to improve performance. Simulation results of an eight vehicle platoon of heterogeneous vehicles are presented and evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed design method. Also, the proposed method is compared with a benchmark controller and the feedback only controller. Time gap regulation and string stability are used to assess performance and the effect of the vehicle to vehicle communication frequency on control system performance is also investigated.     

多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性能动态测试方法研究

对比分析了国内外车辆侧翻稳定性相关的标准法规的基本情况。研究了车辆发生侧翻的类型和机理,基于侧向加速度判断车辆侧翻状态的方法,通过整车道路试验对比了正弦停滞试验和鱼钩试验诱导车辆发生侧翻的效果,初步探讨了多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性动态测试方法和评价指标,为国内车辆侧翻稳定系统的开发和测评标准的制定提供了参考。     

Static and Dynamic Performance of Permanent Magnet Suspension for Maglev Transport Vehicle

The design and performance of a mechanical air gap controller for a maglev transport vehicle are described. The basic requirement for a functional design of the controller is derived first and its effectiveness is shown by experiments. After the construction of dynamic vehicle models dynamic characteristics of the maglev vehicle are introduced and the stability criteria for magnetic levitation are derived. The effect of a dead zone in the mechanical air gap controller and nonlinear characteristics of the magnets, which are expected to exert a large influence on vehicle levitation performance, are investigated by simulations. The simulation results show that a low control lever ratio causes sudden deterioration of the levitation performance if there exists a dead zone in the controller, and a suitable control lever ratio which is unaffected by the dead zone is proposed. Finally, field test results with an actual maglev transport vehicle are shown and the dynamic levitation performance of the vehicle is discussed.