基于RSM的类车体气动阻力全局造型优化

全局优化减阻已成为汽车车身造型设计的必然趋势。为探索轿车车身造型气动因子控制的减阻效果,获得车身减阻全局优化方法,文中以某实车简化后的类车体为优化原型,选取6个气动因子作为设计变量,应用响应曲面法（RSM）对类车体进行全局气动阻力造型优化。结果显示,全局优化较局部优化更能体现设计因子对气动阻力系数的效应;对因子间的相关性分析论证了传统局部气动造型方法收敛于局部最优解的局限性;RSM法应用于车身全局减阻优化具有高效性,优化后的类车体更加流线化,整套方法可为汽车车身前期的气动优化提供借鉴。     

利用声激励技术降低汽车车身阻力的实验研究

本文利用内部声激励技术,在风洞中对某厢式客车车身模型进行空气阻力系数的测试。结果表明:内部声激励能够明显地降低车身模型的空气阻力系数。     

车内耦合声场振动噪声预测研究

建立了轿车车身结构有限元模型、车室声腔声学有限元模型,以及声固耦合模型;进行了车身结构模态分析、车室声腔声学模态分析和耦合声场模态分析.研究了声固耦合系统在发动机和路面激励作用下的车内声学响应,预测了车内振动噪声并分析了车身各板件的声学贡献.据此采取了相应的改进措施后,得到了较好的降噪效果.     

卡车驾驶员的经济性驾驶培训——以梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车驾驶培训为例(续3)

2)空气阻力空气阻力大部分来自车辆行驶时风在车辆迎风面积上施加的冲击阻力,还有一少部分空气阻力是气流流经车身,与车身表面摩擦产生的阻力。空气阻力与车辆风阻系数、车辆正面投影面积和车速有着密切的关系。     

减少油耗的日常维护和驾驶习惯

日常维护是省油法则 经常打蜡能省油：实验表明，车速达到30km／h以上时．汽车行驶中遇到的主要阻力是空气阻力，当汽车表面不洁、损坏和粗糙时，会加大车身与空气间的摩擦阻力．增加油耗。经常给汽车打蜡则能封往车身表面涂层上的小孔隙．保持车身清洁，减少行驶中车身表面的摩擦系数，从而减少空气阻力，降低油耗。     

厢式货车的气动阻力及气动附加装置的应用

厢式货车在公路运输中发挥着越来越大的作用，研究厢式货车的减阻节能问题具有重要的意义，为此，对厢式货车空气阻力与油耗的关系，厢式货车的气动特性和各种气动附加装置的应用等问题进行了综述。     

基于声固耦合的车内噪声分析

在介绍车室声腔声学系统建模方法和声固耦合系统有限元方程式的基础上,针对某轿车建立了车室声固耦合有限元模型。利用Abaqus对白车身结构,车内声腔结构以及声固耦合模型进行了模态分析,并通过对耦合前后模型的模态对比,得到了对车身振动以及噪声影响最大的频率段。同时通过模拟实验条件对声固耦合模型施加正弦激励,得到车内噪声声压场分布,从而为以后车内NVH性能的改进提供了参考。     

汽车后视镜和门把手内置的风阻仿真研究

车身造型直接决定了汽车在行驶过程中受到的空气阻力的大小。将汽车的后视镜和门把手内置能使车身整体更加符合流线型,降低约3%的整车迎风面积,从而减少汽车在行驶过程中受到的空气阻力。本研究运用Pro/Engineer造型功能建立三维模型,在Hypermesh对模型的流场计算域进行网格划分,然后将网格导入Fluent中进行仿真计算。经过对后视镜和门把手内置模型与后视镜和门把手外置模型的比较分析,得出后视镜和门把手内置能有效的降低汽车的风阻系数,减少汽车在行驶过程中受到的空气阻力。     

本田节能赛车车身优化设计

本田节能赛车大赛是日本Honda（本田）汽车公司举办的汽车节能竞技大赛。为了为参赛车辆设计出外形美观、空气阻力小的车身,先从生活中汲取灵感,再进行草图手绘,并将手绘草图导入SolidWorks中绘制线框图,然后使用二雏转三维的方法绘制车身三维模型,最后将模型导入COSMOSFloworks中进行流体分析。为了减少油耗,设计中对比了不同的改进方案,从中选取最小阻力的车身。     

乘用车排气挂钩动刚度分析及优化

汽车排气系统通过排气挂钩连接在车身上,在发动机运行过程中,会承受来自发动机本体的排气冲击激励。排气挂钩动刚度对汽车噪声-振动-声振粗糙度(NVH)性能至关重要。针对白车身测试的排气挂钩动刚度未满足设计要求的问题,搭建对应的有限元模型进行动刚度仿真分析,结合分析结果及诊断提出3种优化方案。将优化方案在实际白车身上进行动刚度试验验证,结果满足目标要求,验证了该方法的有效性,表明有限元分析在一定程度上可以指导汽车前期设计和优化。     

Comparative investigation on the aerodynamic effects of combined use of underbody drag reduction devices applied to real sedan

To reduce the aerodynamic drag, the performance of the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices was evaluated based on the actual shape of a sedan-type vehicle. An undercover, under-fin, and side air dam were used as the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices. In addition, the effects of the interactions based on the combination of the aerodynamic drag reduction devices were investigated. A commercial sedan-type vehicle was selected as a reference model and its shape was modeled in detail. Aerodynamic drag was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics at a general driving speed on highway of 120 km/h. The undercover reduced the slipstream area through the attenuation of the longitudinal vortex pair by enhancing the up-wash of underflow, thereby reducing the aerodynamic drag by 8.4 %. The under-fin and side air dam showed no reduction in aerodynamic drag when they were solely attached to the actual complex shape of the underbody. Simple aggregation of the effects of aerodynamic drag reduction by the individual device did not provide the accurate performance of the combined aerodynamic drag reduction devices. An additional aerodynamic drag reduction of 2.1 % on average was obtained compared to the expected drag reduction, which was due to the synergy effect of the combination.     

考虑波面影响的海上栈桥构件气动特性试验研究

为研究海上栈桥构件在波面影响下的气动特性,现通过进行考虑波浪面气动干扰作用下,栈桥构件风洞测压试验,得到了栈桥构件在不同波浪条件下的气动力系数影响规律.试验结果表明:平行短边传播波浪对结构气动力系数影响大于平行长边传播波浪,且位于平行短边传播波浪的背风侧波腰时,波面气动干扰会使阻力、升力及扭矩系数均降低;平行短边传播波...     

用空气动力学附加装置降低国产货车气动阻力措施的探讨

本文介绍了借助空气动力学附加装置对降低CA141货车气动阻力的经济效益及其适用范围进行的试验研究,并根据研究结果提出了加空气动力学附加装置降低CA141货车的气动阻力以改善燃料经济性的具体意见。     

考虑气动阻力和横风稳定的汽车车身多目标优化设计

综合考虑了气动阻力特性和横风稳定性,对车身外形参数进行了多目标自动优化设计。综合利用参数化建模技术、计算流体力学(CFD)仿真、试验设计方法、响应面模型和智能优化算法,集成Pro/Engineer参数化建模和ICEM网格划分工具以及Fluent仿真软件,在多学科优化平台modeFRONTIER上,搭建了一种自动优化设计流程。利用该流程,基于遗传算法(GA)对MIRA快背式模型车身几何外形进行了改型设计,得到了考虑车身气动阻力特性和横风稳定性的最优权衡设计解集。该结果使得气动阻力因数降低了5.2%,侧向力因数降低了5.8%。因而,实现了车身气动阻力和横风稳定性的多目标优化。     

A study on the resistance force and the aerodynamic drag of Korean high-speed trains

The resistance force as well as the aerodynamic drag of Korean high-speed trains including two commercial trains, the KTX and the KTX-Sancheon (KTX-II) and two experimental trains, the HSR-350X and the HEMU-430X have been studied comprehensively. To deduce the aerodynamic drag of the trains, the coefficients of the Davis equation, which is a universal formulation to represent the resistance to motion of the train, have been calculated using the coasting test method and analysed in comparison with those by empirical prediction methods. In case of HEMU-430X train, the equations of resistance to motion have been calculated by an alternative regression method that is established in this study. The results show that the suggested method can successively yield the resistance to motion equation from the coasting test measurements with varying air density by separating the aerodynamic drag from the total resistance of train. It also prevents from improper coefficients which are occasionally taken by normal regression method in irregular coasting condition. After yielding the aerodynamic drag of the trains from the resistance to motion equations, characteristics of the aerodynamic drag have been analysed and compared between the trains.     

Aerodynamic Design of a Solar Road Vehicle

Solar road vehicles have very specific design requirements. This makes their aerodynamic characteristics quite different from classic sedan vehicles. In the present study, the computational model of a typical solar road vehicle was developed to investigate its aerodynamic forces and flow characteristics. Computations were performed assuming the steady viscous flow and using the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations along with the k-ω turbulence model. The obtained results indicate some important findings that are commonly not present for classic sedan vehicles. In particular, a contribution of the viscous drag force to the overall drag force is considerably larger (41 %) than it is the case for the standard passenger road vehicles, where the form drag force dominates over the viscous drag force. Surface pressure distribution patterns indicate a favorable aerodynamic design of this vehicle. In particular, larger pressure coefficients on the top of the vehicle body as compared to the bottom surface contribute to increasing a downforce and thus the vehicle traction. The airfoil-shaped crosssection of the designed cockpit canopy has favorable properties with respect to reduction of the aerodynamic drag force.     

某型号空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能研究

应用流体分析软件Fluent和发动机模拟软件GT-Power分别对某型号空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能进行了模拟计算。分别研究了进出气管的管径大小和插入长度对空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能的影响。研究结果表明,减小空滤器的进出气管直径均能改善空气滤清器进气系统的消声性能,但其气动性能有所恶化,而且通过比较发现,进气管的管径大小比出气管对空滤器的气动性能和消声性能影响更大;进出气管的插入对于此种结构的空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能并无改善。文章最后根据空滤器消声性能的不足和发动机进气口的阶次噪声曲线,设计了一个谐振腔,改善了其噪声性能。     

汽车气动噪声数值计算分析

文中阐述了气动噪声数值分析的两个步骤,即采用大涡模拟(LES)计算汽车外部瞬态流场和采用FW-H声学模型预测其噪声特性.最后介绍了该数值仿真方法在汽车设计中的应用以及降低气动噪声的措施.     

CFD在轿车造型设计上的应用

对某轿车进行了数值模拟,分析了扰流板对整车流场结构和尾流场涡系结构的影响,成功地模拟了气流分离和拖拽涡现象。车身后部的速度矢量图,较清楚地显示了轿车后部尾涡的形成及演变过程,揭示了尾涡特性对空气阻力的影响,研究结果对改进车型,减小尾涡,降低空气阻力有一定的指导作用。