混合动力汽车整车控制器开发和试验研究

以ISG(起动机/发电机一体化)混合动力汽车为对象,对车辆转矩需求、发动机工作区优化和整车控制策略进行了分析,开发了基于MC9S12DP256的整车控制器硬软件系统,并进行了实车试验,实现了发动机起动、纯发动机驱动、混合驱动、驻车充电等多种工作模式,证明了该整车控制器功能设计的合理性和控制策略设计的有效性.     

基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

Idle speed controller based on active disturbance rejection control in diesel engines

This study proposes a design for an idle speed controller to compensate for varying engine load and friction torque in passenger car diesel engines. An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework, comprised of a disturbance compensator and a feedback controller, is applied to an idle speed controller to compensate for disturbances such as engine load and friction torque. In addition, a feedforward compensator is designed into the ADRC framework to improve disturbance rejection performance. The proposed controller is validated by engine and vehicle experiments and the experiment results are compared with a commercial controller.     

串联式混合动力辅助动力单元动态控制研究

提出了一种柴油机辅助动力单元(APU)动态控制器的结构,基于Z iegler-N ichols整定方法设计了发电机励磁电流PI控制器,根据闭环系统稳定性和跟踪性能试验测试设计了转速和转矩耦合PI控制器,基于稳定性准则设计了APU系统动态过程控制策略。混合动力试验表明,APU控制器保证了APU动态过程中的稳定性,跟踪性能比较满意。     

混合动力电动汽车模糊逻辑控制策略的研究与仿真

以四川汽车工业集团野马混合动力电动汽车设计要求为基础,提出了一种混合动力电动汽车模糊逻辑控制策略。这种策略通过对油耗和各排放参数动态地分配权重值确定出发动机的最佳转矩,然后再根据模糊控制原理,以电池SOC值、汽车驱动需求的输出转矩和电动机转速为模糊输入确定出发动机的实际输出转矩,最终实现整车油耗和排放的综合优化。通过在S imu link软件中搭建该控制策略的仿真模型并与基础的电力辅助控制策略相比较,证明了这种控制策略有利于整车运行经济性和环保性的提高。     

用于混合动力控制的汽油机动态转矩建模仿真

针对混合动力系统能量管理及动力平稳传递控制策略开发的需要,以MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件为工具,建立了发动机平均值模型,模型能够根据发动机转速和节气门开度实时计算出发动机的稳态和动态转矩。在发动机动态试验台上验证了该模型,表明模型达到了需要的计算精度和实时性要求。对给定的转矩曲线进行动态跟随时发动机的节气门开度变化情况进行了仿真分析。模型可用于混合动力控制策略开发中的仿真及在线转矩估计,为并联式混合动力系统能量分配和动态协调控制中的发动机转矩反馈提供了基础。     

考虑发动机起停优化的PHEV能量管理策略

针对某新型双电机行星耦合插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)中发动机在起停及怠速运行状态下会导致油耗增加的问题,基于等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略,加入发动机起停优化控制模块,以进一步改善整车燃油经济性.建立了整车动力学和传动模型并加入发动机起停优化控制模块,对ECMS能量管理策略输出的发动机及电机最优目标转矩进行重新优化分配...     

PID plus fuzzy logic method for torque control in traction control system

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to control the driving force of an engine to prevent excessive slip when a vehicle starts suddenly or accelerates. The torque control strategy determines the driving performance of the vehicle under various drive-slip conditions. This paper presents a new torque control method for various drive-slip conditions involving abrupt changes in the road friction. This method is based on a PID plus fuzzy logic controller for driving torque regulation, which consists of a PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller. The PID controller is the fundamental component that calculates the elementary torque for traction control. In addition, the fuzzy logic controller is the compensating component that compensates for the abrupt change in the road friction. The simulation results and the experimental vehicle tests have validated that the proposed controller is effective and robust. Compared with conventional PID controllers, the driving performance under the proposed controller is greatly improved.     

功率分流混合动力全速域工作模式切换规则优化

针对某功率分流混合动力汽车,探讨了既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则的优化问题。先在既定模式转矩分配策略未知的前提下,将等效燃油消耗与样本数字特征相结合,计算了不同荷电状态（SOC）值下各工作模式在所有可行工作点的基准综合燃油消耗率。以整车燃油经济性为优化目标,确定不同SOC值下所有可行工作点的最佳工作模式,进而得出基于车速、车轮端需求转矩、SOC值的优化后全速域工作模式切换规则,以满足不同工况下的工作模式选择需求。之后,不考虑模式切换过程对整车驾驶平顺性的影响,搭建了模式切换实施模型。再以4个新欧洲驾驶循环（NEDC）工况所构成的组合工况为目标行驶工况,将优化后全速域工作模式切换规则和传统基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则分别应用于基于规则的能量管理策略,进行了整车燃油经济性仿真与台架试验验证。仿真结果表明：在不改变既定模式转矩分配策略的条件下,与基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则情况相比,所提出的既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高7.33%。台架试验结果进一步表明,该优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高6.17%。由此可见,所提出的既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则优化方法对整车燃油经济性具有较好的改善效果。     

Decoupled self-tuning PI controller for an idling stop system applied to scooters

This paper is aimed to propose a decoupled self-tuning proportional plus integral (PI) controller with simple law for an idling stop system applied to scooters. An integrated starter generator (ISG) of the idling stop system is designed with a high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM used as an ISG must have a high torque characteristic to ensure that the engine can be accelerated up to firing speed. A conventional and useful control algorithm named PI control is unable to handle motor current very well for dynamic load, parametric variation, and external disturbance, especially in a vehicle application. Therefore, a robust algorithm for current control in an ISG is proposed. The decoupled selftuning PI controller based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to guarantee the control performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results show that the engine of a 150 cm3 scooter can be cranked to reach firing speed by a ISG within 0.1?0.2 second. The proposed method is simple, robust, as well as stable for idling stop system, and can be effectively implemented.     

Optimal launching-intention-aware control strategy for automated clutch engagement

Clutch engagement control is critical during launching process in a vehicle equipped with an automated manual transmission (AMT), which is a problem including muti-objective optimization and nonlinear control. In this paper, a optimal launching-intention-aware control strategy is proposed for clutch engagement. Firstly, a launching-intention-aware machine (LIAM) based on artificial neural network (ANN) is designed to identify the driver’s launching intentions. Then the optimal laws of clutch engagement for different launching conditions are obtained based on the dynamic programming (DP), which regard friction loss, vehicle shock, angular acceleration of engine and engine torque as the optimizing indexes. Next, a slidingmode controller (SMC) is designed for the clutch engagement. Finally, the performances of the optimal laws and the SMC are validated by the joint simulation of Simulink-AMESim, and the results show that the requirements of vehicle launching are met. The proposed clutch engagement control strategy would provide a better theoretical support for the practical-extended application of AMT.     

Model-Based Integrated Control of Engine and CVT to Minimize Fuel Use

In this study, a model-based integrated control method for engines and continuous variable transmissions (CVTs) is developed. CVT refers to a type of transmission which allows an engine to be operated independently with respect to the vehicle speed, with the engine torque and CVT gear ratio controlled in an integrated manner. In the proposed integrated control scheme, engine operating points which minimize the rate of instantaneous fuel consumption are calculated, and the engine target torque and target gear ratio are determined in an integrated manner based on the results of the calculations. Unlike the previous map-based control method, the method introduced in this study does not require an engine torque map or a CVT ratio map for tuning, and the engine torque and CVT ratio are controlled to minimize the amount of fuel used while satisfying the level of acceleration demand from the driver. The control scheme is based on the powertrain model, and the CVT response lag and transmission loss are also considered in the integrated control processes. The algorithm is simulated with various driving cycles, with the simulation results showing that the fuel economy performance of the vehicle system is improved with the newly suggested engine-CVT integrated control algorithm.     

Novel coordinated algorithm for Traction Control System on split friction and slope road

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to avoid excessive wheel-slip via adjusting active brake pressure and engine torque when vehicle starts fiercely. The split friction and slope of the road are complicated conditions for TCS. Once operated under these conditions, the traction control performance of the vehicle might be deteriorated and the vehicle might lack drive capability or lose lateral stability, if the regulated active brake pressure and engine torque can’t match up promptly and effectively. In order to solve this problem, a novel coordinated algorithm for TCS is brought forward. Firstly, two brake controllers, including a basic controller based on the friction difference between the two drive wheels for compensating this difference and a fuzzy logic controller for assisting the engine torque controller to adjust wheel-slip, are presented for brake control together. And then two engine torque controllers, containing a basic PID controller for wheel-slip control and a fuzzy logic controller for compensating torque needed by the road slope, are built for engine torque control together. Due to the simultaneous and accurate coordination of the two regulated variables the controlled vehicle can start smoothly. The vehicle test and simulation results on various road conditions have testified that the proposed method is effective and robust.     

基于线性规划的混合动力汽车智能充电策略

以油电混合动力汽车整车控制策略为基础,提出一种基于线性规划的智能充电能量分配策略,改善了混合动力汽车燃油经济性。该策略在维持高压电池SOC平衡的前提下,根据整车需求功率,发动机和中混电机转速,结合各动力总成部件能量传递的效率,以系统等效燃油消耗最小为原则进行扭矩分配优化。通过仿真结果表明,该策略比普通瞬时优化策略提高了整车燃油经济性。     

CFA6470HEV发动机燃油经济性的BP神经网络建模及优化

对MATLAB软件中的BP神经网络及数值分析方法进行了研究,并将其应用于CFA6470HEV发动机特性的建模,在对模型的结构参数优化的基础上,获得了合适的发动机特性模型.应用数值分析方法确定了发动机的最优经济性运行区间以及与之对应的发动机节气门开启角与转矩和转速之间的关系,利用此关系,可通过对发动机节气门的调节实现对发动机最佳燃油经济性的控制.     

驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿

为了减小长期自动驾驶过程中制动性能下降带来的影响,提出了一种驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿方法。首先建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的驾驶机器人车辆制动性能离线自学习模型。然后考虑到驾驶机器人车辆长期自动驾驶导致离线自学习模型可靠性下降,建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的扩展自回归在线辨识模型,并采用模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法进行参数辨识。模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法通过引入遗忘因子的方式,对数据施加时变加权系数,以避免出现数据增长导致的数据饱和现象。模糊变遗忘因子控制器以制动力矩辨识误差为输入,经模糊规则推理实时输出合适的遗忘因子进行参数辨识,能够有效均衡驾驶机器人车辆制动性能参数辨识的稳定性与收敛速度。驾驶机器人车辆自动驾驶过程中,根据当前车速与目标车速的大小计算出所需的制动力矩,加上反馈回来的制动力矩误差,并结合当前时刻的车速,利用制动性能离线自学习模型与机械腿逆向运动学模型实时计算出制动电机输出位移量,实现对驾驶机器人车辆制动力矩的在线补偿。仿真与试验结果表明:利用所提出的方法对车辆动态制动力矩进行辨识时,通过调节遗忘因子,辨识结果能够快速收敛且辨识误差较小。在此基础上,控制驾驶机器人车辆进行纵向车速跟踪时,能够有效减小制动性能下降造成的影响,保证控制车速跟踪误差在±1km·h-1之内。     

汽车发动机性能指标的优选方法

本文提出了一种优选汽车发动机性能指标的方法，即在给定汽车底盘参数，整车性能和汽车车行驶条件下，应用本文提出的方法可以优选汽车发动机最大功率及其相应转速，最大扭矩及其相应转速和发动机排量，这为汽车设计或改进设计时发动机的选型提供依据。     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

复合功率分流系统发动机起动H∞鲁棒优化控制

为改善复合功率分流混合动力系统纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程的车辆驾驶平顺性,同时确保在模型不确定和外部干扰条件下切换控制的鲁棒性,本文中提出了一种发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制策略。首先,建立复合功率分流混合动力系统动力学模型,并对纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程进行分析。其次,以车辆驾驶平顺性和发动机起动时间为优化指标,通过动态规划求解发动机最优拖转转速曲线。然后,考虑到输入轴阻尼参数摄动、驾驶员输入、道路负载、输出端转速的不确定性变化和发动机转速量测噪声的干扰,设计了发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制器。最后,通过离线仿真和台架试验对所提出的控制策略进行验证。结果表明,该策略能有效将冲击度降低至11.52 m/s^3以内,同时对模型不确定性和外部干扰有较强的抑制能力。     

车辆动力传动系建模与整车性能仿真

动力传动系性能是影响车辆动力性和燃油经济性的重要因素,而发动机数学模型是整车性能模拟计算的重要依据。文中采用最小二乘拟合法获取发动机外特性的转速一元函数,运用曲面拟合法获取基于发动机转速和转矩的二元函数万有特性模型,运用Matlab建立整车动力性与燃油经济性计算机仿真平台。数值仿真计算和道路试验结果对比表明,计算方法及仿真平台设计是正确的,模拟计算值有效、可靠。