现代有轨电车车站站台设置分析

有轨电车是一种以地面敷设为主的交通方式,与道路结合紧密,车站设置和传统的轨道交通相比需要更多地考虑道路交通的影响。分析、探讨了现代有轨电车车站站台型式的几种类型,研究有轨电车路权形式、运营组织、乘客过街方式等因素对车站站台设置的影响。     

沥青路面的裂缝及防治对策

1问题的提出 沥青路面在行车荷载的反复作用和自然因素的不断影响下,会逐渐出现损坏.由于环境、材料组成、结构层组合、荷载、施工和养护等条件的变异,损坏的形态是多种多样的,从表面上,有各种各样的裂缝,如横向裂缝、纵向裂缝、网状裂缝等.     

国外现代有轨电车系统发展经验与启示

当前现代有轨电车的发展在我国方兴未艾。本文选取了墨尔本、哥德堡、伦敦卫星城Croydon、巴黎等多个国外典型城市的现代有轨电车系统,总结各城市在规划、建设和运营等方面的发展经验,并在此基础上进一步探讨了以上外国城市发展经验对当前及今后我国现代有轨电车建设发展的启示和借鉴意义。本文提出,在现代有轨电车的规划阶段,应考虑本系统内不同线路之间资源共享便利性,及有轨电车与不同交通系统之间的便捷衔接;在设计建设阶段可以考虑利用既有的铁路轨道,节约成本、减少建设周期;在运营阶段应借鉴公交运营模式实现对乘客的高效服务、缓解交通压力。     

沥青路面动力响应分析方法研究

西部交通建设科技项目"沥青路面动力响应分析方法研究"旨在建立车辆-道路系统动力学模型,研究高速重载车辆荷载作用下沥青路面结构的动力响应情况,分析动力载荷对沥青路面结构使用性能的影响,从而提出适合重载交通条件的沥青路面动力响应理论分析方法。本篇对该项目的技术创新点、主要研究成果、社会经济效益及推广应用前景进行了介绍,为今后沥青路面的结构改造与设计提供理论依据。     

基于CEL算法的沥青路面动水压力数值模拟分析

雨天行车时,行车荷载、路表积水和道路三者共同作用会产生较大的动水压力。动水压力压迫积水进入路面结构内部,反复行车荷载作用下最终导致沥青路面的水损害。因此,研究动水压力对于分析沥青路面的水损机理具有重要意义。本文基于流固耦合理论,采用有限元方法建立了轮胎-水-路面的流固耦合模型,采用CEL算法计算分析了水膜厚度和行车速度对动水压力的影响程度。结果表明,不透水条件下,动水压力随水膜厚度的增大而线性增大,随着行车速度的增大呈现非线性增长的趋势。     

上海松江现代有轨电车示范线路基加固处理方案探讨

有轨电车路基工程作为承载电车荷载的基础,除了具有足够的强度、稳定性、耐久性,还需满足一定的沉降要求。通过对上海松江现代有轨电车路基设计的研究分析,对加固处理的多方案比选论证,拟定合理可行的桩板一体化结构方案作为推荐;同时,对桩板结构进行计算分析,可供类似工程参考。     

影响有轨电车概算因素分析

概算编制的合理性和准确性对工程总投资控制有着十分重要的意义。以上海松江区现代有轨电车T2线为例,从区间、轨道、供电、车站规模与通道形式、售检票模式、车辆基地选址与规模等方面,分析了影响有轨电车概算的因素,并提出了概算编制过程中应注意的事项。     

新型双层排水沥青路面结构优化设计

文章利用有限元软件建立数值模型,研究了不同结构层厚度组合下路面的力学响应,计算了不同结构参数的路面临界降雨强度,并讨论了结构参数对新型双层排水沥青路面排水性能的影响,得到如下结论:(1)不同排水层和防水层的厚度组合工况下路面结构的整体受力情况相同,排水层和防水层的厚度组合对新型双层排水沥青路面在车辆荷载作用下的力学响应特性影响很小;(2)影响新型双层排水沥青路面排水能力的因素由强至弱分别为上层空隙率、横坡、下层空隙率、上层厚度,在上层空隙率为20.0%、横坡为6.0%、下层空隙率为20.0%、上层厚度为4.5 cm的工况下,新型双层排水沥青路面的临界降雨强度最大,达到了7.56×10^-6 m/s。     

沥青路面裂缝成因及防治措施分析

沥青路面裂缝是沥青路面老化、缺乏弹性、变形和荷载作用等因素造成的常见问题,这些裂缝会导致路面损坏、降低行驶安全性和缩短路面使用寿命。分析沥青路面裂缝的成因,总结预防和治理裂缝的措施,包括良好的路面设计、合理的材料选择和施工工艺、定期维护和快速修复等。通过实施以上措施能够有效减少裂缝的发生和发展,延长路面使用寿命。     

基于灰色关联法的水泥碎石抗疲劳性能因素分析

0引言在以水泥稳定碎石为基层的沥青路面中,基层是主要的承重层。在车辆荷载的反复作用下,若面层较薄且面层与基层间粘结不好时,易使基层材料产生疲劳破坏。此外,考虑到水泥稳定碎石的抗压性能远优于其抗拉性能,虽然车辆荷载的一次作用引起的基层底部拉应力较小,但在荷载反复作用下仍然会导致基层疲劳开裂,故有必要研究其抗拉疲劳性能。本文借助灰色关联分析方法,对水泥稳定碎石混合料的应力水平、水泥剂量、4.75mm通过率、成型方式及抗弯拉强度等影响因素进     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.