轿车悬架橡胶衬套结构特点分析

介绍了橡胶衬套的种类,阐述了汽车悬架橡胶衬套的基本性能及其应用情况.研究了悬架的副车架橡胶衬套和控制臂橡胶衬套在车辆中各向特性参数的分布及其对汽车操纵稳定性和平顺性的影响,并对橡胶衬套的结构设计特点、橡胶材料和配方、疲劳破坏性能等进行了分析.     

一种拆装某商用车悬置衬套的简易工装

在商用车中,驾驶室的舒适度一直是司机朋友考虑的重要因素之一。为了提高驾驶室的舒适度,在前后悬置部件中都会用到橡胶开口衬套。橡胶开口衬套作为功能件,一旦损坏会让驾驶员十分不适。因此当车辆行驶一定公里后,需要对开口衬套进行更换。目前,开口衬套更换的主要是在4S店中进行的,但由于很多4S店根本没有专门拆装开口衬套的压力机,使得开口衬套的更换无法进行。为此,文章阐述了一种简易的悬置开口衬套拆装工装。     

橡胶元件在汽车悬架中的应用分析

介绍了橡胶元件在汽车悬架中的应用现状,分析了橡胶衬套力学特性的理论研究方法和试验技术,并对某汽车悬架橡胶衬套进行了有限元分析和试验验证。阐述了橡胶衬套对汽车平顺性、操纵稳定性及高频NVH特性的影响,并通过实例讨论了橡胶衬套对悬架运动学性能的作用和衬套刚度优化方法。指出,需进一步研究橡胶元件对汽车高频动态性能的影响。     

基于疲劳寿命及减振效果的驾驶室橡胶衬套设计研究

采用ADAMS软件建立驾驶室及其悬置的多体动力学模型,利用该模型对驾驶室悬置橡胶衬套的刚度进行匹配设计,解决了驾驶室前悬橡胶衬套的轴向受力问题。同时,采用FEA分析方法对衬套进行结构优化。通过对比优化前、后的橡胶衬套对驾驶室悬置系统减振效果及衬套的疲劳寿命,验证了新结构衬套的优异性。     

衬套刚度对悬架运动学特性参数影响分析

随着研究分析橡胶衬套发现橡胶衬套的刚度变化对汽车的悬架参数有重要的影响,进而直接影响着汽车的平顺性、操纵稳定性能。文章选择对橡胶衬套的刚度展开讨论,首先建立了带有橡胶衬套与转向系的双横臂独立前悬架的弹性连接运动学模型。以车轮外倾角、车轮前束角、主销后倾角、主销内倾角、轮距的变化、轮心处悬架垂直刚度等悬架参数为观察指标,设置悬架与整车的部分参数,给建立的模型输入左右车轮平行跳动激励,进行仿真对比,得出弹性连接状态下的模型综合结果更好。然后分析在弹性运动学状态下各个橡胶衬套刚度的改变对悬架运动学特性参数的影响大小,得出衬套径向刚度、轴向刚度的改变对悬架运动学特性参数综合影响,这对提升汽车的操纵稳定性与平顺性有较好的指导意义。     

钢板弹簧销橡胶衬套不要涂抹润滑脂

BJ212、130型汽车前后钢板弹簧销衬套是橡胶制品,在使用中无须润滑,因为橡胶衬套的内外表面对钢板弹销和卷耳都没有相对滑动。然而常发现部分维修人员在更换该衬套时,沿用更换钢板弹簧销金属衬套的办法,在其钢板销上涂抹大量的润滑脂,殊不知这不样做,除造成润滑脂的浪费外,更严重的是腐蚀橡胶衬套(发粘变质),促使橡胶衬套频繁更换。为此,切     

轿车底盘橡胶衬套半经验设计方法研究

为改进橡胶衬套的设计方法,利用仿真模型研究了橡胶衬套结构尺寸与刚度的关系,用刚度相对变化率描述了结构尺寸对各向刚度的影响。基于研究结果提出了橡胶衬套的半经验设计方法,并采用该方法对某B级轿车下摆臂衬套进行了结构设计,通过三步结构调整获取的四向刚度均满足设计目标要求。研究表明,橡胶衬套的半经验设计方法解决了衬套结构设计刚度匹配难的问题,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

某型车辆扭转梁衬套疲劳耐久优化设计

扭转梁式半独立悬架广泛应用于A0、A及A+级汽车后桥系统中,而扭转梁衬套对后桥乃至整个底盘的舒适性及操稳性都有着重要的影响。本文以某型车辆扭转梁衬套为例,对该衬套的橡胶结构进行优化设计,基于ABAQUS对其性能及疲劳耐久进行仿真分析,最后通过台架试验对其疲劳耐久进行测试,试验结果表明该衬套设计优化效果良好,疲劳耐久性能改善明显。     

控制臂舒适性液压衬套的优化设计

控制臂舒适性衬套作为底盘重要弹性零件,起着改善车辆行驶平顺性和整车噪声-振动-声振粗糙度(NVH)的作用,是底盘调试的重要零件。针对双叉臂的下控制臂舒适性液压衬套失效故 障中发生频率最高的衬套开裂问题,从橡胶体结构设计、衬套刚度曲线设定、橡胶材料选择 进行了优化设计和试验验证。结果表明,该优化设计方案可有效解决液压衬套开裂问题。     

Kelvin-Voigt模型橡胶衬套对汽车行驶平顺性的影响分析

为研究汽车行驶平顺性受到悬架橡胶衬套的影响，依据Kelvin-Voigt橡胶衬套模型，采用虚拟坐标法，建立了包含橡胶衬套Kelvin-Voigt模型的6-DOF汽车振动模型。针对所建模型，采用线性滤波白噪声法建立前、后车轮路面激励模型，以C级随机路面激励为车辆振动系统输入，运用四阶Variable step length Runge-Kutta算法和傅里叶变换法对所建模型展开时域和频域仿真；分析匀速行驶工况下汽车座椅、车身、悬架动挠度及轮胎动载荷受到悬架橡胶衬套的影响；并将仿真结果与不包含橡胶衬套的6-DOF汽车振动模型相比较。仿真结果表明，在悬架系统中安装橡胶衬套确实能提升汽车行驶平顺性，增强轮胎接地性能。     

A Feasibility Study on Indirect Identification of Transmission Forces through Rubber Bushing in Vehicle Suspension System by Using Vibration Signals Measured on Links

This paper presents a feasibility study on using the rubber bushing itself as a sensor for the identification of transmission forces in vehicle suspension systems. The method starts from the idea that the transmission forces can be related to the deformation of the rubber bushing by an appropriate model and the deformation of the rubber bushing can be obtained by estimation of the relative vibration across the bushing. Simple theories are presented to deal with modeling of a given geometry of rubber bushing by a concentric spring and damper, correlating of measurements of the vibration on the links to the stiffness and damping parameters, and selection of the vibration measurement positions. Importance of the measurement position selection in relation to the measurement noise is illustrated by simulation studies. Then, validity of the proposed indirect approach will be shown by applications to a rear suspension system of dual link type.     

A Feasibility Study on Indirect Identification of Transmission Forces through Rubber Bushing in Vehicle Suspension System by Using Vibration Signals Measured on Links

This paper presents a feasibility study on using the rubber bushing itself as a sensor for the identification of transmission forces in vehicle suspension systems. The method starts from the idea that the transmission forces can be related to the deformation of the rubber bushing by an appropriate model and the deformation of the rubber bushing can be obtained by estimation of the relative vibration across the bushing. Simple theories are presented to deal with modeling of a given geometry of rubber bushing by a concentric spring and damper, correlating of measurements of the vibration on the links to the stiffness and damping parameters, and selection of the vibration measurement positions. Importance of the measurement position selection in relation to the measurement noise is illustrated by simulation studies. Then, validity of the proposed indirect approach will be shown by applications to a rear suspension system of dual link type.     

New nonlinear bushing model for general excitations using Bouc-Wen hysteretic model

Because the characteristics of rubber bushing significantly affect the accuracy of vehicle dynamics simulations, they should be accurately modeled in the vehicle suspension model. In this paper, a new nonlinear bushing model for automotive bushing components is developed to improve the accuracy of vehicle dynamics analysis. Bushing components were first tested to capture the nonlinear and hysteretic behavior of typical elements by using a MTS 3-axis elastomer tester. A simple Bouc-Wen hysteretic differential model was modified to generate a more precise rubber bushing model. A sine wave, step input, and random excitations are imposed on the bushing. The ADAMS program is used to calculate sensitivity and the VisualDOC program is employed to find the optimal parameters for the bushing model. An error function is designed to find optimal parameters of the model. Parameter identification is carried out to satisfy the static and dynamic characteristics due to sine and step excitation inputs. It was proved that the proposed model could predict the bushing forces under sine, step, and random inputs well. The errors are within 10% in the overall range. To show the validity of the proposed model, a numerical example was also carried out. Because the bushing forces due to random excitation input show good agreement with experiments, the proposed bushing model is available in the vehicle dynamics simulation.     

基于有限元法及遗传算法的推力杆球铰多目标优化方法

为优化推力杆的球铰结构并提高其疲劳寿命,提出一种基于有限元法和遗传算法的推力杆球铰多目标优化方法。该优化方法通过有限元法计算不同橡胶衬套预压缩量和球铰结构的推力杆球铰橡胶衬套的应变分布特征和刚度参数,进而得到推力杆刚度参数、橡胶衬套预压缩量与球铰关键结构参数之间的关系,并在此基础上采用遗传算法建立推力杆球铰的多目标优化模型。利用建立的多目标优化模型计算得到推力杆球铰的优化方案。样件台架试验结果表明,此优化方案使推力杆球铰的疲劳寿命提高了7倍。提出的多目标优化方法充实了变截面橡胶金属复合结构的设计理论,并为推力杆的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

汽车悬架横向稳定杆的参数化设计

为了实现新型汽车悬架横向稳定杆的参数化设计,推导出横向稳定杆尺寸参数的约束公式和橡胶衬套的径向变形量计算公式,在橡胶衬套变形的基础上推导出横向稳定杆端点位移计算公式及其校核公式.运用Excel建立基于CATIA的横向稳定杆参数化模型.并建立Visual Basic窗口,通过编程控制Excel表格相关输入参数,运用Excel实现横向稳定杆相关数值的计算,并将计算值返回到窗口,同时实现参数驱动横向稳定杆三维模型的自动重构.通过有限元分析：稳定杆端部最大位移为83.7 mm,相对偏差为-2.91％;最大Von Mises应力为1 070 MPa,小于许用应力2 884 MPa,从而验证了横向稳定杆参数化设计的正确性.     

整车多体动力学模型的建立、验证及仿真分析

利用多体动力学方法建立了某轿车的整车非线性多体动力学模型,模型中考虑了前后悬架、转向系统的详细几何结构参数,以及连接处的橡胶衬套、阻尼器的非线性特性,轮胎采用M agic Formu la模型。对所建模型进行了多种试验验证,并分析了该样车的操纵稳定性等相关特性,仿真结果表明所建整车多体模型有较高的精度。     

制动抖动引起的转向盘振动传递途径分析

建立了基于ADAMS/CAR的多刚体车辆动力学仿真模型,成功再现了制动引起的转向盘振动现象,并与试验结果具有良好的一致性。通过信号时域和频域分析,明确了振动从制动器到转向盘的传递途径,提出了调节橡胶弹性元件刚度的振动控制方法。     

Sensitivity analysis and optimisation of suspension bushing using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis

In this paper, a novel method is presented for investigating suspension bushing based on mechanical properties of the bushing, their effective directions, spring stiffness and damping coefficient of bushing. The vehicle vibration model and suspension geometry parameters are used to optimise the vehicle suspension based on multi-body dynamics simulation (ADAMS/CAR) initially. Several experiment tests based on ISO 4128 and ISO 7401 have been performed in one of main Iranian automaker (SAIPA) in order to verify the ADAMS/CAR model. The grey relational analysis based on using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is used to obtain the optimum suspension. Then the bushing characteristics are optimised considering the indicated method. This method considers a combination of ride comfort and handling qualities of vehicle as objective functions simultaneously. The results of optimum suspension are compared with typical Renault Logan which declares the accuracy and efficiency of this method in optimising suspension bushing.     

某车型后减振器上支座失效分析优化

针对某车型整车道路试验过程中出现的后减振器上支座失效问题,通过查看分析故障件的失效状态,结合应用Abaqus软件进行CAE仿真分析,确定了其失效的主要原因是由于在整车运动过程中,上支座衬套的橡胶凸台的应力太大。对此提出了改进的设计方案,通过台架试验和整车道路试验的验证,结果表明,改进后的后减振器上支座解决了耐久失效问题,同时经整车NVH和操稳性能评价后确认改进方案未对整车性能产生不利影响。     

基于分形理论的连杆衬套表面形貌表征

以连杆衬套表面形貌为研究对象,通过分形插值理论重构了连杆衬套的表面形貌,并与扫描电子显微镜拍摄的照片进行比较分析,结果表明该方法可以定性地表征零件的表面形貌;分别对实际的表面和重构表面的表面粗糙度和分形维数进行比较,结果表明,分形维数能够较为准确地表征零件的表面形貌。