车速与车辆事故的关系

一、驾驶员的视力与车速的关系 驾驶员在行车中的视力是动视力.一般来讲,动视力比静视力低10%～20%;动视力随相对速度的变化而变化,车速越快,视力下降越大.当车速达到70 km/h时,视力为1.2的驾驶员,此时的视力会下降到0.7.另外,眼睛至焦点的视认距离也随车速而变化,当车速为60 km/h时,视认距离为240米;80 km/h时,为160米.也就是说,车速提高三分之一,而视认距离将减少三分之一.车速对视力的影响,是肇事的生理原因之一.     

雷达技术在汽车上的应用

雷达是一种发现、跟踪和识别目标的电子设备,它具有测速、测距和定位等功能。早期雷达因体积较大、价格昂贵而在应用方面受到一定的限制。自集成电路和计算机问世以来,雷达技术得到快速发展,体积缩小,价格降低,这就为雷达在汽车上应用创造了条件。雷达技术可作为保障行车安全的一种手段,如防撞、防     

车速在道路安全审计中的作用

通过简介国外的道路安全审计工作,阐述其中车速在道路安全审计中的作用;笔者对太旧、成渝两条高速公路进行实例分析,揭示了公路上运行车速和交通事故的内在联系,引进两项基于车速的道路安全评价指标,为道路安全审计提供一种新的评价手段。     

驾驶经验对安全车速选择影响的研究

为研究驾驶员的驾驶经验对安全车速选择的影响,采用情景试验的方法,对驾驶员安全车速的感知进行了试验.研究结果表明:在不考虑驾驶车辆性能、驾驶任务缓急的情况下,驾驶经验对驾驶员安全车速的选择产生较大影响,有经验的驾驶员安全车速的选择在限速范围内相对集中,受道路及环境约束变化的影响较小,安全车速较为均衡;而无经验的驾驶员安全...     

基于仿真实验的智能车速控制ISA事故率影响研究

基于Vissim微观交通仿真平台，通过构造不同比例的智能车速控制（intelligent speed adaptation，ISA）车辆，对交通流运行情况进行仿真实验，提取实时车速仿真数据用于对交通事故率进行评估。仿真结果表明，随着ISA车辆比例的增加，车流运行的平均车速和车速标准差均呈现下降趋势。由于事故率和车速离散程度有关，当全部车辆采用强制ISA后，事故率可望下降近25％。因此，ISA是一种很有前途的主动交通安全技术。     

汽车车速里程表及其速比的计算方法

车速里程表作为汽车仪表的重要部件,其指示精度非常重要。本文介绍车速里程表的工作原理、信号取向和标度盘的设定,给出了车速里程表速比的计算方法。     

基于ITS技术的汽车驾驶安全辅助系统

基于ITS技术的汽车驾驶安全辅助系统是提高道路交通安全的有效手段,本文介绍了清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室在此领域的研究与开发工作。在研究行驶环境感知和信息融合、驾驶员特性和安全距离模型、车辆运动控制及系统集成等关键技术的基础上,研制了汽车驾驶安全辅助系统试验平台和试验样车,实现了行车前撞预警、安全车距保持、智能车道保持等功能,并完成了相关试验分析与评价,为进一步开展基于ITS的汽车主动安全辅助技术的研究以及汽车驾驶辅助系统的产业化奠定了基础。     

地面无人驾驶技术现状及应用

车辆智能化及无人驾驶技术是智能交通研究中的重要领域。国防科技大学从1987年起开始进行无人驾驶技术研究,先后成功研制多代无人驾驶平台。面向高速公路环境的红旗HQ3无人驾驶汽车的研制始于2006年,并于2011年7月完成了从长沙到武汉的长距离高速无人驾驶实验,全程286公里,用时约3个半小时,自主超车60余次,人工干预里程小于1%。此外,在车辆辅助驾驶应用领域,国防科技大学也拥有碰撞预警、自主泊车、驾驶人身份鉴别、车道跑偏告警等原理样机。     

确保行车安全的车载技术保障

目前，各国都在努力降低交通事故的伤亡率，并且已经取得了显著效果。各大汽车厂家在提高燃油经济性、降低汽车排放的同时，越来越多地注重提高汽车的安全性能，从而将更加安全的汽车带入 21世纪。下面系统阐述现代汽车的车载安全技术。 1主动安全技术 1. 1制动系统 1. 1. 1盘式制动器 　　盘式制动器的优点是能够有效散发制动过程中的摩擦热。在强烈制动时，制动摩擦片和旋转制动表面产生的摩擦热若得不到有效散发将导致制动力减弱，此时，驾驶员必须加大踩踏制动踏板的力度，否则将导致制动距离加长，从而增加了发生事故的可能性。…     

新手驾车应注重六种感知能力的培养

现在，掌握电脑技术、懂外语和会驾驶汽车已成为白领工作者的三大素质优势。熟练的驾驶技术，对于防止和减少行车事故至关重要。新驾驶员肇事较多的原因主要是技术素质低。所以，新驾驶员在取得驾驶证后，应努力在驾车的实践中不断充实自己，提高自己的驾驶技能。笔者认为新手驾车应特别注重感知能力的培养。     

国三EGR重型汽车限速功能原理及故障排查

限速功能是保证危险品运输车等有限速要求的车辆安全行车的重要途径,本文介绍了国三EGR重型汽车限速的实现方式,工作原理及故障的分析。     

Impacts of freeway speed limit on operation speed of adjacent arterial roads

Speed limit is one of the essential factors associated with roadway safety. Spillover effect is the tendency of drivers to drive at a higher speed on relatively lower-speed non-freeway roadways after exiting higher-speed freeways. Speed studies were conducted on urban arterial roads with speed limits of 45 mph - all adjacent to freeways with speed limits of 55 mph and 70 mph. A comparison of speed differences between motorists who exited the freeway and those who were already driving on the arterial road was performed. Results showed that the mean speed and 85th percentile of passenger cars on arterials adjacent to 55 mph freeway were 47.3 and 51.1 mph, respectively, while the mean speed and 85th percentile of passenger cars on arterial adjacent to a higher speed 70 mph freeway were 49.5 and 53.4 mph, respectively. Differences in the mean speeds between vehicles exiting from freeways and vehicles already driving on the arterial road were observed at all four sites evaluated. This paper provides researchers, policymakers, and engineers with a better understanding of the effects of speed spillover on adjacent roads when determining whether to increase the speed limit on freeways.     

High speed driving stability of passenger car under crosswind effects

The driving stability of a passenger car at high-speed and under crosswind conditions is affected by aerodynamic characteristics as well as their dynamic characteristics, suspension, and weight distribution. In this study, the total measuring system was thought up to understand the transient vehicle dynamics and aerodynamics with driver’s control inputs all together. The test results were taken from a full-scale wind tunnel test, a crosswind generator test and an on-road test. We investigated major aerodynamic parameters that affect the driving stability of passenger cars under crosswind effects such as overtaking, passing each other, natural crosswind, etc. The reaction rate of high-speed stability will be improved when we minimize the total lift, side force and especially the yawing moment.     

车速与车室温度采集及液晶显示系统的设计

针对当前车载采集系统实时性差、可视化效果差等问题,提出一种车速与车室温度采集及液晶显示控制系统。该采集系统通过车载霍尔式轮速传感器和DS18B20温度传感器对车辆运行速度和车室温度进行实时监控,将采集到的信号实时传入中央处理单元(STC89C52单片机)。以操作简便的uVision2软件作为测试平台,通过编写程序在处理单元内完成信号去噪、滤波,将最终的处理结果输出显示到1602液晶屏上。该系统能够及时准确的采集到车速信号和温度信号,适用范围更广。     

新疆博赛段一级公路限速值合理性研究

为了研究限速标志设置的合理性,选择新疆赛博段一级公路为调研路段,在限速标志的上下游设置3个断面,检测公路限速区上下游车速,得到分布规律。通过比较实际车速与限速值之间的关系,限速区内与限速区外的速度,以及驾驶员对限速标志的接受程度,判断限速设置的合理性,为决策者了解速度的分布现状,确定合理限速打下基础。最终在保证交通安全的前提下,最大限度发挥道路的使用效率。     

Transferred load and its course in passenger car bodies

A method to express the concept of load transfer and the course of the transferred load in the structure is introduced. Transferred load in an actual passenger car body is investigated experimentally. The degree of joint stiffness between the members of the vehicle body can also be discussed based on this concept. Difference can be shown between the course from the front suspension and that from the rear suspension under the condition of the torsional loading.     

我国的汽车销售及其未来趋势

近年来的车市始终难以走出寒冬的阴影,一边是各大汽车厂商竞争激烈,一轮轮降价不断推出,一款款新型车接连面世;另一边消费者却仍然持币观望,认准一定还有更多优惠。面对中国车市近年来的不振局面,面对国际车商的压境之势,中国汽车行业怎样才能找到汽车销售的路标,成为业内思考的焦点。     

A close examination of speed limit credibility and compliance on UK roads

Speed is at the core of the road safety problem and speed management is a tool for road safety. Speed limits that are more credible are supposed to encourage drivers to comply with speed limits, with consequent benefits for road safety. Credible speed limit has been found to be affected by the features of the road surroundings in previous research. This study investigated, by using a questionnaire, whether or not the current legal speed limit is credible on a variety of current UK road environments and what the difference is between the proposed speed limit and the chosen, self-reported driving speed. The survey result revealed that road layout and the roadside environment affected the intrinsic perception of choice of speed and speed limit. Chosen speed limit and proposed speed are not identical but are related with each other. The higher the speed limit drivers perceived, the higher speed they tended to drive.     

轿车的电控自动变速器及其发展趋势

在现代轿车上,常见的是采用电控的液力自动变速器,主要是由液力变矩器和自动变速器两大部分组成.它能够根据油门的开度和车速的变化,自动地进行换档.     

内蒙古汽车维修网的建设及应用

介绍了内蒙古运管局建立的《内蒙古自治区汽车维修与检测公众信息网》的功能和支持系统和“汽修网”作为沟通汽车用户、修理企业、驾校、汽车检测站和行业管理部门的平台．并就“汽修网”所起的桥梁纽带作用进行了阐述。