采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

Experimental study on microbubble ejection method for frictional drag reduction

The formation of air bubbles ejected through a single hole in a flat plate was observed in uniform flow of 2–10 m/s It was confirmed that the size of the air bubbles was governed by main flow velocity and air flow rate. According to previous experiments, the size of the bubbles is an important factor in frictional drag reduction by microbubble ejection. Usually bubbles larger than a certain diameter (for example 1 mm) have no effect on frictional drag reduction. Three different methods were proposed and tested to generate smaller bubbles. Among them, a 2D convex (half body of an NACA 64-021 section) with ejection holes at the top was the best and most promising. The diameter of the bubbles became about one-third the size of the reference ejection on a flat plate. Moreover, the bubble size did not increase with increasing flow rate. This is a favorable characteristic for practical purposes. The skin friction force was measured directly with a miniature floating element transducer, and decreased drastically by microbubble ejection from the top of the 2D convex shape.     

Comparison of Microbubble and Air Layer Injection with Porous Media for Drag Reduction on a Self-propelled Barge Ship Model

Ship resistance issues are related to fuel economy, speed, and cost efficiency. Air lubrication is a promising technique for lowering hull frictional resistance as it is supposed to modify the energy in the turbulent boundary layer and thereby reduce hull friction. In this paper, the objective is to identify the optimum type of air lubrication using microbubble drag reduction (MBDR) and air layer drag reduction (ALDR) techniques to reduce the resistance of a 56-m Indonesian self-propelled barge (SPB). A model with the following dimensions was constructed: length L?=?2000 mm, breadth B?=?521.60 mm, and draft T?=?52.50 mm. The ship model was towed using standard towing tank experimental parameters. The speed was varied over the Froude number range 0.11–0.31. The air layer flow rate was varied at 80, 85, and 90 standard liters per minute (SLPM) and the microbubble injection coefficient over the range 0.20–0.60. The results show that the ship model using the air layer had the highest drag reduction up to a maximum of 90%. Based on the characteristics of the SPB, which operates at low speed, the optimum air lubrication type to reduce resistance in this instance is ALDR.     

Resistance analysis of unsymmetrical trimaran model with outboard sidehulls configuration

The application of multi-hull ship or trimaran vessel as a mode of transports in both river and sea environments have grown rapidly in recent years.Trimaran vessels are currently of interest for many new high speed ship projects due to the high levels of hydrodynamic efficiency that can be achieved,compared to the mono-hull and catamaran hull forms.The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of using an unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with configuration（S/L） 0.1-0.3 and R/L=0.1-0.2.Unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with main dimensions： L=2000mm,B=200 mm and T=45 mm.Experimental methods（towing tank） were performed in the study using speed variations at Froude number 0.1-0.6.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was measured precisely by using a load cell transducer.The comparison of ship resistance for each configuration with mono-hull was shown on the graph as a function of the total resistance coefficient and Froude number.The test results found that the effective drag reduction could be achieved up to 17% at Fr=0.35 with configuration S/L=0.1.     

船用梯形微沟槽表面减阻效应的仿真分析与实验验证

基于微沟槽减阻机理,采用改变船体表面微结构形貌尺寸的方法,以期降低船舶运行中的航行阻力,提高船舶航行效率,节约能源。利用流体软件FLUENT对梯形肋条和梯形沟槽两种微结构表面流场进行模拟仿真,分析了沟槽深宽比h/d1的减阻效果。仿真结果表明,对于梯形肋条,在h/d1时均具有减阻效果,当h/d为0.45时减阻效果最好;对于梯形沟槽,当h/d为0.30、0.36时表现为增阻,h/d为0.45、0.60、0.75时表现为减阻,其中当h/d为0.60时的减阻效果最好。为了验证模拟计算的规律,进行了阻力冲刷实验,实验结果与模拟计算结果的对比分析表明模拟计算与实验结论一致。     

基于转盘测阻法的天然乳胶涂层减阻特性研究

利用转盘测阻法对天然乳胶涂层的减阻特性进行探究,确定雷诺数和柔性系数对涂层减阻效果的影响。利用喷涂法将天然乳胶和氨水混合溶液喷涂于转盘上,制成一种柔性涂层,并通过密度测定、硬度测定、力学性能测试和动态热力学分析等试验方法对涂层的物理性能与基本力学性能进行测定。试验结果显示,天然乳胶涂层密度为950 kg/m³,与水的密度接近,并且该涂层具有弹性模量低、撕裂强度大,断裂伸长率大的优点。采用转盘测阻法对涂层阻力进行测试,结果显示,当涂层厚度为0.2 mm、转速为100 r/min时达到最大减阻率15%,因此可断定天然乳胶涂层具有良好的物理机械性能,其减阻效果与水流状态及自身柔性存在一定关系,在特定情况下可实现良好的减阻效果。     

半潜式钻井平台横撑截面形状的优化

海洋油气资源开发离不开半潜式钻井平台.因油田内短距离拖航需要,半潜式钻井平台可能遇到深吃水拖航工况,此时平台整体吃水较大,浮箱、部分立柱及横撑整体将位于水面以下并引起拖航阻力,其中横撑的阻力贡献占总阻力的25％左右.当横撑的长度及间距已经确定时,其拖航阻力主要受截面形状的影响.本文采用Fluent对一座实际平台的横撑拖航阻力进行研究,得到截面倒角对横撑阻力的影响规律,获得了截面倒角的最佳取值范围.结果表明,截面倒角半径大于0.3m时,横撑拖航阻力系数可以比不做倒角时减小60％以上,本文研究结果将为今后的半潜式钻井平台船型设计提供参考.     

大型半潜船球首设计及阻力性能对比分析

在船速较低的肥大型船舶上,安装球鼻艏会在很大程度上降低船舶受到的阻力,球艏对艏部型线有缓和的作用,使船舶艏部水流发生改变,减少艏底漩涡,从而降低形状阻力,进而改善船舶的水动力性能。根据设计的10万吨级半潜船船型的船模静水阻力试验情况,该船舶船首由直立型改为球鼻艏型式,通过对原型和改进后的船型的阻力试验结果进行对比,检验了新船型的减阻性能,同时对船尾伴流场进行了研究,发现船首形状改变对尾部半流场影响不大     

气泡减阻技术研究进展

总结气泡减阻技术研究的发展历程,介绍微气泡减阻和大气泡减阻技术研究进展,介绍气泡减阻技术的实船应用情况,指出存在的问题和重点技术研究方向.     

高速航行体的自然超空泡流阻力特性研究

利用Fluent6.2对水下带圆盘空化器高速航行体的自然超空泡流动进行了数值模拟,计算分析了超空泡高速航行体的阻力特性,研究了空化器直径、航行体长细比对航行体超空泡减阻效果的影响,分析了高速航行体的超空泡减阻率。结果表明,超空泡形态下随着航行体速度衰减,航行体压差阻力系数缓慢减小,粘性阻力系数迅速增大,航行体的总阻力系数增加;航行体阻力系数与头部空化器直径的平方成反比;增加航行体的长细比,可以获得更小的阻力系数;高速航行体的超空泡减阻率可达95%以上。最后将仿真计算结果与水靶道试验进行了对比,二者基本相符。     

两相流相互作用下的船模微气泡减阻性能数值仿真

基于两相流理论,对集装箱船船模进行微气泡减阻性能数值仿真研究。分析船模在不同喷气口位置、流体含气率、不同喷射速度和角度下的流场分布和减阻效果。结果表明：当流体微气泡含量过高时,会增大船体摩擦阻力,流体含气率为10%~20%时,有较好的减阻效果,喷气口位置在距离球鼻艏后缘约三分之一船长附近具有较高的空气覆盖率,喷气口喷气方向垂直向下所产生的减阻效果比喷气方向偏向船侧效果要好,且船速较高时可允许较高含气率流体注入流场并增大减阻效果。     

船用防污减阻复合功能涂层的制备及性能

水面舰船和水下航行体等海洋装备长期浸泡在海水环境中,会遭受海洋生物的附着和污损。海洋生物污损会破坏船体表面固有形态,使已有的表面减阻技术失效。为了保证表面减阻技术的有效性和长效性,应确保船体表面具有良好的防止海洋生物污损能力。通过在聚合物减阻涂料体系中加入阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺,制备出新型防污减阻功能涂层。深水拖曳水池阻力测试及海洋动态挂板试验结果表明,新型功能涂层具有较好的减阻及防止海洋生物污损能力,可以实现聚合物涂层减阻技术的长期有效性。     

高密度中低速全垫升气垫船越峰问题的探讨与实践

1吨级试验艇属于高密度中低速气垫船,其与气垫密度成平方关系的阻力峰值较大而设计推力相对较小,经采取措施解决了越峰困难问题。原阻力计算方法在阻力峰值处的计算结果不够精确是原因之一,故根据移动压力面兴波理论编制了直接计算兴波阻力的程序,使计算越峰所需推力更接近试验结果。理论计算与工程实践表明,在设计高密度中低速气垫船时需特别关注越峰性能校核,建议第一阻力峰处设计越峰裕度在原计算方法基础上应修正至不小于30%为宜。     

超空泡回转体减阻特性研究

基于Fluent 6.0的气泡两相流模型对超空泡回转体的减阻特性进行了数值研究.内容包括:外形对阻力及超空泡形状的影响;超空泡控制;阻力系数随空泡数的变化规律;长细比对减阻率的影响.超空泡减阻机理的研究表明:超空泡不仅可以减小回转体的摩擦阻力,还可以减小回转体的压差阻力.在外形、长细比和空泡数以及工程可实现性等诸多因素中,存在着一个最佳组合,使减阻率最高.     

超大型集装箱船能效设计指数优化研究

采用船型优化方法就超大型集装箱船10 000TEU的能效设计指数(EEDI)进行优化.文中以降低对主机功率的需求、提高能效设计水平为目标,优化该超大型集装箱船的阻力性能.优化时利用平移法和径向基函数方法进行船体曲面重构,并分别采用基于Rankine源非线性势流理论和边界层动量积分计算兴波阻力和摩擦阻力,最后同时使用遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)和序列二次规划算法(NLPQL)在设计空间中探索满足约束条件的阻力最优船型.结果表明,通过该优化方法获得的最优船型,其能效设计指数优化程度明显,能够满足现阶段IMO对新造集装箱船计及折减系数后的强制要求.     

实尺度喷水推进船拖泵工况数值模拟与分析

对于四泵推进的喷水推进船,在巡航工况时中间加速泵通常处于锁轴状态,其拖曳阻力的大小对喷水推进器的选型以及船泵机的最优匹配有着重要影响。然而,拖泵阻力很难通过船模试验的方法获得。为此,该研究在验证均匀和非均匀条件喷水推进器数值模型的准确性基础上,采用数值试验的方法对18节航速下某双泵推进喷水推进船的实尺度"船体+两台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的流场进行了数值模拟,计算此时喷泵拖曳阻力及其所占船体阻力的百分比。以此喷泵拖曳阻力作为参考,对尺寸与上述喷水推进泵相近的某四泵推进喷水推进船的喷泵进行了选型和设计,并对该船在18节航速下加速泵拖曳阻力的大小进行了计算,进一步验证选型时拖曳阻力取值的合理性。为消除尺度效应的影响采用实尺度模型对"船体+四台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的非定常流场进行计算,并探索了大尺度条件下船泵系统考虑自由液面和重力影响的非定常计算方法。     

沟槽面减阻效果影响因素及减阻机理的分析

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型计算V型沟槽面的湍流边界层流动和粘性阻力,研究了沟槽尖峰形状和雷诺数对减阻效果的影响规律,初步分析了沟槽面减阻机理.指出:沟槽尖峰处的圆角半径越小其减阻效果越好,沟槽斜面中下部的壁面应力随着圆角半径的减小而降低,但尖峰处的局部壁面应力会随之增大;来流速度对沟槽减阻率的影响很大,对于一种尺度的V型沟槽,存在着一个具有较好减阻效果的来流速度范围,而沟槽面在沿来流方向上的布置位置对减阻效果的影响非常小;沟槽尺度对减阻效果很剧烈;沟槽尖峰处生成的二次涡是产生减阻效果的根本原因,二次涡的强弱与沟槽减阻率的大小紧密相关.     

断阶滑行艇喷气减阻机理研究

本文通过艇底流态显示、艇体运动姿态及阻力测量，研究了滑行艇艇底喷气对流场、阻力等的影响规律。断阶稍前处喷气引起总阻力和浸湿面积的大幅减少，喷气所减少的阻力成分为摩擦阻力，喷气对剩余阻力的影响甚微。     

基于CFD的半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力数值分析

通过分离涡模拟法（detached eddy simulation,DES）对半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力进行了研究,重点对平台拖航阻力、阻力系数和平台表面附近流场分布等特性进行了研究。研究表明：流方向下平台各结构所受阻力各不相同,下浮体占据总阻力比最大（尤其是90°来流方向下）。阻力系数及升力系数时历曲线变化具有“脉动性”。通过平台表面附近流场分布可以分析涡形成及受力原因,逆方向流及涡之间相互作用使得阻力有所减小。     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。