基于Python的ABAQUS二次开发及其在浅埋偏压隧道分析中的应用

为了提高大型有限元软件ABAQUS分析浅埋偏压隧道的效率,文章基于Python语言对ABAQUS前后处理进行二次开发,提出了程序开发的思路及一般步骤。基于此,研究了一种参数化计算程序,用于模拟不同的偏压角和埋深对浅埋偏压隧道稳定性的影响。后处理方面,实现了用户自定义的计算结果输出。应用开发的程序分析了偏压角在1°~40°及埋深在20~30 m情况下围岩、衬砌的变形受力规律。结果表明,所开发的程序能有效解决ABAQUS研究浅埋偏压隧道时前后处理中的重复性工作,提高了分析问题的效率。同时为基于Python的二次开发在其它领域中的应用提供了指导和借鉴。     

基于机器视觉的非接触式螺纹参数测量系统

文中采用光机电一体化的思想,将光源、CCD、计算机等有机结合,开发了一种基于面阵CCD技术的石油管螺纹参数智能化测量系统。生产现场测量结果表明：该系统具有重复性好、精度高、检测速度快等优点,此外,此系统具有抗环境光及振动干扰,可操作性强等特点,适用于各种规格钢管外螺纹参数的在线测量。     

视频事件检测和图像筛选技术在永武高速公路视频监控系统的运用

事件检测是智能交通系统中的重要组成部分和关键技术。文中结合当前我省高速公路监控系统已有监控设施,对基于视频图像的交通事件检测进行了研究,并完成了系统的开发和运用。     

埋地管道外覆盖层绝缘电阻率计算及应用

外覆盖层是埋地钢质管道免遭外界腐蚀的第一道防线,其保护效果直接影响着管道整体的运行效率,而管道外覆盖层电阻率是评价外覆盖层状况好坏的最主要因素.运用线传输理论,通过将管地系统简化为一个集中参数等效电路,建立了埋地钢质管道外覆盖层绝缘电阻率的计算模型,并给出了管地系统参数的具体确定方法,开发了外覆盖层绝缘电阻率的计算软件.利用PCM检测数据,基于建立的Rg计算方法,能够实现对Rg值的计算.实践表明:计算结果能够很好地反映实际情况,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

公路隧道通风的模糊PID控制

通风控制就是要在节约电能消耗的前提下,将隧道内CO浓度和烟雾浓度控制在允许的范围内.对于这样一个大滞后的检测控制过程,利用模糊控制不需要建立被控对象精确数学模型的特点,提出了一种基于CO浓度和烟雾浓度检测的变频通风模糊PID控制方法,实现了在控制过程中对不确定的条件、参数、延迟和干扰等因素进行检测分析.采用模糊推理的方法对PID参数的在线自整定,可减小系统超调量、提高系统反应速度、缩短调节时间,从而改善了系统的动态性能,能降低电能消耗,延长通风机使用寿命,降低运营成本.     

基于AUTOCAD的ANSYS几何建模初探

基于AutoCAD平台,用其自带的VBA开发应用程序,建立了从AutoCAD单线几何模型到ANSYS杆系模型的转换接口程序,该程序可将在AutoCAD环境下建立的复杂空间模型转换成ANSYS中的结构模型,方便快捷实现土木工程中复杂的几何建模功能,为工程计算和研究提供方便。通过自定义截面和空间网架建模两个实例验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

隧道超欠挖检测信息系统设计与实现

针对隧道超欠挖控制的关键因素检测及爆破后效果评价需求,研制了炮眼钻孔检测杆,开发了隧道超欠挖检测手机APP和B/S版隧道超欠挖检测信息化管理平台。利用手机APP连接钻孔检测杆及全站仪,对炮眼钻孔三维角度信息、位置信息及爆破后隧道断面进行检测、计算及传输,实现了隧道爆破过程检测及爆破断面效果评价,为后续动态调整爆破参数及超欠挖控制研究提供有效辅助。     

基于FEM的承受附加载荷的法兰连接安全评价

在考虑垫片力学性能的非线性和非保守的基础上,提出了承受附加载荷高温螺栓法兰连接结构的有限元分析方法。运用APDL和UIDL,开发了基于ANSYS环境的法兰连接结构强度和紧密性分析模块,实现了连接系统的参数化建模及程序化计算。提出了基于紧密性的承受附加载荷螺栓法兰连接的安全评价方法,并以某铂重整装置接管法兰连接为对象,验证了有限元分析和安全评价方法的可行性,确定了该连接的安全操作条件。     

基于Multi-Agent的动态路径诱导系统

动态径路诱导是现代智能交通系统研究的一个重要领域。文章使用Multi-Agent技术思想,运用Java语言,结合动态路径诱导的实际需求开发动态路径诱导系统。基于各Agent间的实时交互信息,包括路段Agent提供的路况信息、路口Agent提供的交通信号信息、车辆Agent提供的车辆行驶及诱导需求信息,运用改造后的A*智能优化算法,实时计算诱导车辆当前位置下的最优路径。同时引入区域控制Agent与中心决策Agent对全局进行控制,避免局部最优及交通拥堵漂移现象的发生,从而达到整个路网的优化。完整地仿真了一个功能齐全的动态路径诱导系统,并且验证了该动态路径诱导模型的可行性及有效性。     

公路软土地基沉降与固结分析软件系统

基于Windows为操作平台,采用面向对象的程序设计语言Visual Basic和面向对象的数据库平台ACCESS开发了路堤沉降和固结分析软件系统,以最直观的方式为设计和技术管理工程师服务.主要介绍系统的计算原理和功能实现,着重介绍了MSChart控件和数据访问对象DAO的使用方法.     

公路路线测量PDA程序设计方法

利用PDA配合全站仪进行公路路线勘察测量可以大大提高工作效率.PDA测量程序利用VB.NET进行开发,其特点是程序可视化高,计算速度快,操作简便,使用方法与电脑操作类似;并且由于PDA存储量大,可对测量数据直接记录,减少内业工作量,摆脱了传统PC-E500及Casio-fx4800等测量方法的许多不足.文章介绍了该程序设计流程及方法.     

Development of computerized vehicle scheduling system for specialized transportation: delaware case

A computer‐aided vehicle scheduling system is developed for Delaware's state‐wide specialized transportation system for elderly and handicapped persons. This paper presents the model, computer program package, system implementation, evaluation and the lessons learned from the project. The project which spanned two and a half years consists of five phases: (1) examine the manual method of vehicle scheduling (prior to the computerization); (2) develop a scheduling model; (3) develop a computer program package for the operation of the model; (4) install and operate the system; and (5) evaluate the system performance. The scheduling model consolidates passengers by block of time, origin and destination zones and along the direction of vehicle travel, first; second, minimizes the empty vehicle travel; and, lastly, assigns drivers to route considering assignment priority among the types of drivers and passengers. The product of the model is a set of driver log‐sheets which specify the sequence of passenger pick‐ups and drop‐offs. The computer program package includes necessary auxiliary data management functions such as registration of trip reservation, operating statistics and parameter value changes, as well as the execution of the model. It also allows the dispatcher to override the computer generated log‐sheet based on his discretion. The system has been operational for more than one year and it has brought about a number of changes in the operation and the role of the dispatcher. A before‐and‐after comparison of the operation and the lessons learned are also shown.     

三维相对坐标测量法在大跨径拱桥中的应用

太平湖特大桥施工采用三维相对坐标测量法及提篮式拱桥计算程序,使用该方法能够准确、直观、快速地进行拱肋动态实时放样定位计算。文章结合工程实例,介绍了太平湖特大桥拱肋定位放样程序的编制和定位实际操作过程,为类似工程测量放样提供参考。     

Excel测量程序在公路测量中的应用

文章介绍了Excel测量程序编程结构和使用功能，并通过与普通测量计算程序的对比，分析了Excel测量程序在使用便捷性与工作效率方面的优势，为该程序的推广应用提供依据。     

Distributed computing approaches for large‐scale probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium problems

Applications of probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) principle on large‐scale networks have been largely limited because of the overwhelming computational burden in solving its stochastic network loading problem. A two‐stage Monte Carlo simulation method is recognized to have satisfactory accuracy level when solving this stochastic network loading. This paper thus works on the acceleration of the Monte Carlo simulation method via using distributed computing system. Three distributed computing approaches are then adopted on the workload partition of the Monte Carlo simulation method. Wherein, the first approach allocates each processor in the distributed computing system to solve each trial of the simulation in parallel and in turns, and the second approach assigns all the processors to solve the shortest‐path problems in one trial of the Monte Carlo simulation concurrently. The third approach is a combination of the first two, wherein both different trials of the Monte Carlo simulation as well as the shortest path problems in one trial are solved simultaneously. Performances of the three approaches are comprehensively tested by the Sioux‐Falls network and then a randomly generated network example. It shows that computational time for the probit‐based SUE problem can be largely reduced by any of these three approaches, and the first approach is found out to be superior to the other two. The first approach is then selected to calculate the probit‐based SUE problem on a large‐scale network example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于线阵CCD的管径智能测量系统

文中介绍了一种基于线阵CCD的管径智能化测量系统,该系统将4个激光光源、4路CCD安装在一个密闭的空间,具有很强的抗杂光、粉尘等环境干扰的能力及较宽的测量范围,可实现外径为300-1450 mm钢管的外径测量。生产现场测量结果表明：该系统具有测量精度高、稳定性好、效率高、易于操作等特点,并克服了常规手工测量方法在测量大口径管子时表现出测量工具过大过重,操作不便等缺点,可广泛应用于各种管材的在线质量控制及反馈分析。     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

Zonal centrality measures and the neighborhood effect

The goal of this study is to develop a robust methodology for computing zone centrality measures in an urban area. Centrality refers to the relative importance of a zone in terms of network efficiency and utility for both transportation and urban study. Centrality indices that were developed to describe human relationships in the field of structural sociology were adopted. It is important to accommodate the neighborhood effect in dealing with centrality. The neighborhood effect describes the phenomenon whereby the attractiveness of a specific zone is affected by its neighbor zones. Kernel functions were employed to accommodate the neighborhood effect. The optimal bandwidth parameters were derived indirectly within the framework of trip attraction estimation under the assumption that the trip attraction of a zone is influenced by the integrated centrality, which includes the neighborhood effect. The well-known estimation tool of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was adopted to find the optimal bandwidth. As a byproduct of accommodating the neighborhood effect in centralities, a considerable advantage of the present study is an enhancement of the performance of trip attraction model. Another meaningful contribution of this study is a solution to the question of an acceptable delineation of the two city centers in Seoul. The boundaries of the two city centers were derived based on both the kernel function and its bandwidth.     

Optimal freeway ramp metering using the asymmetric cell transmission model

The onramp metering control problem is posed using a cell transmission-like model called the asymmetric cell transmission model (ACTM). The problem formulation captures both freeflow and congested conditions, and includes upper bounds on the metering rates and on the onramp queue lengths. It is shown that a near-global solution to the resulting nonlinear optimization problem can be found by solving a single linear program, whenever certain conditions are met. The most restrictive of these conditions requires the congestion on the mainline not to back up onto the onramps whenever optimal metering is used. The technique is tested numerically using data from a severely congested stretch of freeway in southern California. Simulation results predict a 17.3% reduction in delay when queue constraints are enforced.     

Selatm — a GIS based program for evaluating the safety benefits of local area traffic management schemes

Particular safety problems relate to traffic on local streets. Local Area Traffic Management (LATM) schemes are often implemented with the objective of counteracting these safety problems. One analytical difficulty in appraising the effectiveness of LATM in dealing with safety problems has been the ‘footloose’ nature of accident locations in a local street network. Seldom are there distinct ‘blackspot’ locations. An area‐wide approach is needed and the interaction between the system and arterial road network must be considered. The paper describes the development of a Safety Evaluation Method for Local Area Traffic Management (termed SELATM). It is a GIS‐based program for analysing accident patterns over time and the evaluation of the safety benefits of LATM schemes. The evaluation is perform at different network levels for various accident variables. The thrust of the program involved the integration of network data with data on accidents and the installed devices to generate summary accident statistics for the various network levels allowing for before and after comparison with a control area. This program as developed is applied to a LATM scheme at Enfield, a suburb in metropolitan Adelaide.