Prediction of vibrating forces on meshing gears for a gear rattle using a new multi-body dynamic model

An efficient multibody dynamic model was developed to predict the vibrating transmitted gear forces of loaded and unloaded pairs of helical gears simultaneously at all speeds. The model can also calculate the bearing forces of a manual transmission that, in turn, may be converted to rattling noises. The bending of meshing gear teeth and torsional flexibility of transmission shafts were considered and embodied effectively in the multibody dynamic model by calculating the tooth bending stiffness and adding a torsion spring on a shaft section between two gears, respectively. The reactive forces on teeth and bearings were calculated and compared using three different models that were developed for this study — an equivalent model, a rigid-body model, and a frequency-based model. The equivalent model took only 58% computation time, compared to the frequency-based method, even though the two showed very similar results.     

一种减小转向传动轴角间隙的万向节轴承工艺

转向万向节的精度，特别是加载过程中转向传动轴产生的角间隙直接影响汽车转向系统的灵敏度。根据对转向传动轴的工作要求．将传统的机加工生产的热锻轴承万向节改为用铁皮冲压轴承的万向节．并设置合理的配合尺寸以减小其使转向轴产生的角间隙。试验结果表明，该工艺可提高传动轴转向灵活性。     

汽车齿轮油的正交复配试验研究

分析并确定了以极压添加剂为主的影响重负荷汽车驱动桥双曲线齿轮润滑油性能指标的各相关因素及其合适的添加量范围。根据油品的性能要求，对所确定的试验指标进行了2水平多因素的齿轮润滑油正交试验。通过对试验数据的处理和分析，得出各因素对试验指标的影响程度，并获得了满足在给定工况条件下的汽车驱动桥双曲线齿轮油的最佳配方方案。     

一种改进的通用型主锥选垫机原理及实现

介绍了一种改进的选择汽车后桥主锥轴承调整垫片的原理模型及其实现结果。通过增加一个测量主锥齿轮轴台阶高度的装置，成功地解决了主锥轴承刚度调节与主动锥齿轮轴误差相关或不相关两种结构类型的主锥选垫兼容性问题，进一步完善了其性能并拓宽了应用前景。设计制造的主锥选垫机可方便地根据产品类型选择测量模型，提高了生产线对品种的适应能力。该设备采用PLC控制，操作简便，运行稳定可靠。     

边界元法在汽车变速器齿轮弯曲问题中的应用

本文首先建立了汽车变速器齿轮弯曲分析的数学模型,并利用边界元理论,建立了相应的边界元模型;最后用该模型对某轻型车变速器齿轮的弯曲问题进行了分析计算。从而为分析和模拟汽车变速器齿轮弯曲问题提供了一种新方法。     

支持向量机和基于IMF的特征能量法在汽车变速器轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对汽车变速器轴承振动信号的非平稳特征和现实中难以获得大量典型故障样本的实际情况,提出了一种基于内禀模态函数(IMF)的特征能量法和支持向量机的变速器轴承故障诊断方法。对变速器轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法在小样本情况下仍可有效提取变速器轴承的故障特征,并能成功地对其工作状态和故障类型进行分类。     

瞬态成分提取在变速器齿轮故障诊断中的应用

基于小波包的信号瞬态成分检测与提取方法及其应用，提出基于小波包分解特征表示和瞬态特征重建方法并应用于汽车变速器齿轮的故障诊断，结果表明基于小波包分解的信号特征表示方法能有效检测信号中瞬态成分的存在，瞬态成分的重建结果有效地表示了齿轮的故障状态。     

齿面微观修形在汽车变速器降噪中的应用研究

针对汽车变速器啸叫噪声,借助软件RomaxDesigner对齿轮啮合情况进行分析,建立了齿轮静传递误差模型;结合接触斑点试验并采用多因素实验设计得出最佳的齿面微观修形参数.据此进行了齿面微观修形,并对修形前后峰值传递误差和驾驶员位置的声压水平进行对比,结果表明经过合理的齿面修形,静传递误差减小了,齿轮发出的啸叫噪声降低约10dB.     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

Dynamic analysis of spiral bevel geared rotor systems applying finite elements and enhanced lumped parameters

The dynamics of spiral bevel gears like most high-speed precision gears employed in motor vehicles and off highway equipments are substantially affected by the structural characteristics of the shafts and bearings. The lumped parameter model is one of the common tools applied to perform gear dynamic analysis. Even though the lumped parameter approach is computationally fast and conveniently efficient, it typically uses limited number of coordinates and may not fully account for the shaft-bearing structural characteristics accurately. In this analysis, the finite element formulation, that can generally represent more complete characteristics of the shaft-bearing assembly, is employed to enhance the current lumped parameter synthesis theory using the concept of effective mass and inertia elements. Computational output shows that the enhanced lumped parameter synthesis model is capable of predicting sufficiently accurate dynamic response when compared to the direct dynamic finite element calculations, and much more precise response than previous lumped parameter results, especially when the gear dynamics are associated with the pinion or gear bending modes. Even though this analysis focuses primarily on the spiral bevel geared rotor systems, the proposed methodology and analysis results can be easily extended to other types of gears.     

小波包能量特征法在汽车变速器轴承故障诊断中的应用

归纳和总结了小波神经网络轴承故障诊断法的实施步骤,阐述了小波包的原理,并以变速器轴承故障诊断为例,提取了小波包节点能量作为反映变速器轴承故障类型的振动信号特征参数,并用这些特征参数训练BP神经网络进行故障模式识别。结果表明,如果神经网络设计合理,训练适当,则具有很强的故障识别能力。说明了利用小波包能量法和BP神经网络进行变速器轴承故障诊断是可行而且有效的。     

自动变速器故障的系统分析诊断法

介绍了一种汽车电控自动变速器故障的系统分析诊断方法。包括基本检查、手动档试验、电控系统检测、失速试验、动力传动分析、液压控制系统分析和电控系统检测等。结合一辆装备4T60-E电控自动变速器的GM LUMINA车辆，冷车时前进档、R档均不能起步，以及一辆装备A650E电控5速自动变速器的LEXUSLS400车辆，D、4、3、2挡不能起步等故障实例，论述了系统分析诊断方法的应用。     

Prediction of the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum after the warm shrink fitting process using a correction coefficient

The warm shrink fitting process is generally used to assemble automobile transmission parts (shafts/gears). However, this process causes a deformation in the addendum and dedendum of the gear depending on the fitting interference and gear profile, and this deformation causes additional noise and vibration between the gears. To address these problems, the warm shrink fitting process is analyzed by considering the error in the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum found when comparing the results of a theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). A correction coefficient that reduces this error is derived through an analysis of the difference in the cross-sectional area between the shapes used for the theoretical analysis and that of the actual gear, and a closed-form equation to predict the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum is proposed. The FEA method is proposed to analyze the thermal-structural-thermal coupled field analysis of the warm shrink fitting process (heating-fitting-cooling process). To verify the closed-form equation using the correction coefficient, measurements are made of actual helical gears used in automobile transmissions. The results are in good agreement with those given by the closed-form equation.     

A locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model with gear transmissions

A gear transmission system is a key element in a locomotive for the transmission of traction or braking forces between the motor and the wheel–rail interface. Its dynamic performance has a direct effect on the operational reliability of the locomotive and its components. This paper proposes a comprehensive locomotive–track coupled vertical dynamics model, in which the locomotive is driven by axle-hung motors. In this coupled dynamics model, the dynamic interactions between the gear transmission system and the other components, e.g. motor and wheelset, are considered based on the detailed analysis of its structural properties and working mechanism. Thus, the mechanical transmission system for power delivery from the motor to the wheelset via gear transmission is coupled with a traditional locomotive–track dynamics system via the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface. This developed dynamics model enables investigations of the dynamic performance of the entire dynamics system under the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and/or the gear mesh interface. Dynamic interactions are demonstrated by numerical simulations using this dynamics model. The results indicate that both of the excitations from the wheel–rail contact interface and the gear mesh interface have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the components in this coupled dynamics system.     

稳态工况下汽车污染物排放特性的试验研究

利用底盘测功机模拟汽车实际道路行驶稳态工况,以福莱尔QCJ7081型汽车为研究对象进行了在不同载质量、不同车速、不同挡位下的污染物排放特性试验。并分别拟合出在4挡空载情况下,排放因子CO、HC、NOx和总污染物排放因子随车速的变化规律多项式。结果表明,空载情况下,试验车辆总污染物排放因子最低时的车速约为95km/h。通过换挡规律分析认为,汽车排放污染物是由发动机和催化器的匹配以及发动机和变速器的匹配共同决定的。     

隔震连续梁桥地震作用下梁间碰撞响应的研究

铅芯橡胶支座隔震的桥梁在地震作用下相邻梁体间容易产生碰撞.以3等跨连续梁桥为对象,建立了考虑隔震支座非线性的桥梁碰撞模型,通过非线性时程分析研究了纵向地震作用下相邻联梁体间的碰撞响应.计算结果表明,隔震桥梁在地震作用下更容易发生梁间碰撞,碰撞产生相当大的撞击力,使主梁的轴力响应巨幅增大,但主梁的位移及墩的剪力、位移响应增大不明显.影响碰撞响应的主要因素是相邻联的周期比和基本周期的大小、伸缩缝间隙的大小.铅芯橡胶支座在桥梁地震碰撞中能消耗碰撞能量,可以有效地减小碰撞响应,对桥梁起到一定保护作用.     

基于AVL CRUISE仿真的插电式混合动力汽车变速器设计

介绍了一种串联插电式混合动力系统的结构及工作原理,并以该混合动力汽车搭载的变速器为研究对象,确定了其结构形式及传动方案。利用AVL CRUISE软件计算并选择了变速器的主要参数,建立了变速器的三维实体模型,对变速器的齿、轴、轴承、壳体进行了仿真分析。最后结合变速器总成台架试验,验证了优化设计方案的合理性。     

考虑汽车档位使用率的传动比优化设计

在汽车整车参数和发动机等已确定的情况下，传动比对整车动力性和燃油经济性很大影响，本文根据发动机的外特性和万有特性，结合汽车的档位使用率，探讨如何选择传动系的传动比及其优化问题，最后给出了传动比优化的算例，优化结果与国内外先进变速器的速比设置相比符合得较好。     

汽车传动系的优化设计

影响汽车动力性和燃油经济性的因素很多,如何进行匹配与选择是目前各汽车生产厂家所面对的问题。也是当前所研究的热门课题。文中主要从变速器的速比和后桥主减速比的匹配通过理论与试验相结合的方法来对一款商务车的传动系优化设计,期望使整车的动力性和经济性匹配最好。     

路面激励引起车内噪声的模拟和试验

本文建立了因路面不平度随机激励所产生的车内噪声的数学模型，借助了测得的车身悬置连接点的导纳函数，各连接点到车内耳旁位置的噪声传递函数以及悬置和轮胎参数，计算了由路面不平度所引起的车内耳旁噪声的大小，并将其与道路模拟机上的测量结果相比较，结果表明两者获得了较好的一致，还进一步分析了改变悬置和轮胎参数对车内噪声的影响，为车内噪声的分析、悬置参数的择优选取和汽车的声学设计提供了简易方法。