小型船舶磁罗经自差智能校正系统的设计与实现

针对未安装电罗经的小型船舶,提出一种磁罗经自差校正方法,研制磁罗经自差测量及校正系统,通过观测已知位置的物标自动测量任意航向上的罗经自差,采用高斯消元法计算出准确自差系数,逐一消除船舶自差。     

船舶电站监控系统的μCOS-II设计

为了较好的对船舶电力系统进行监控,设计了一个以MCS-51系列单片机为核心的Modbus服务器,针对传统单片机系统软件与应用设计变更和功能扩展需要进行大量改动的缺点,尝试在MCS-51系列单片机应用系统中移植μCOS-II实时操作系统,利用串口扩展芯片GM8125,用较低廉的成本,设计一个实时性较好的Modbus服务器,通过改进的Modbus协议,实现了一台PC监控多台GPC设备,从而使系统的可靠性和稳定性得到较大提高。     

The real-time display algorithm of objects in seabed

Three-dimension electronic chart display information system (ECDIS) is one of the new developing directions of electronic navigation chart, and its real-time quality is one of the important requirements. In this paper the algorithm of simplifying triangle surface using edge contraction, which can ensure the real-time display of objects in seabed environment, was put forward. The optimum contraction point was determined by the Lagrange matrix, so that the algorithm ensures that the contraction point locates on the original model, meanwhile meets the demands of least deviation. This algorithm can improve the plotting speed, and preserve the boundary character by using the fewer triangles to simulate objects.     

主机No.1缸排温低故障原因查找

船舶主机单缸排温低而引起主机无法加速,在更换了油头、高压油泵的吸油阀及穿刺阀、柱塞偶件、排气阀后还未能将故障排除,后再通过对主机各缸的排温、爆压、压缩压等测量,确定了故障出现在燃油系统,随后对燃油系统各可能产生问题的部件分别与其它各缸调换后(多路调换法),确定故障是备用的吸油阀不良导致主机排温低。     

Spatial and temporal variation of bacterioplankton in a sub-Antarctic coastal area (Kerguelen Archipelago)

Bacterial abundance and production were measured monthly for one year along cross-shore transects in 3 sub-Antarctic fjords of the Kerguelen Archipelago (seven stations each). Mean values of the 3 most coastal (inside) and most offshore (outside) stations were used to describe the relationship between temperature, phytoplankton biomass, bacterial abundance and bacterial production over a one year annual cycle. The entire sampling protocol was repeated twice during each cruise: once at noon and once at midnight. Over the whole sampling period, the temperature ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 °C, while chlorophyll a concentrations varied by a factor of 10, and bacterial abundance and production varied by factors of 12 and 30, respectively. Within one day, all of these parameters sometimes varied by a factor of 4 between noon and midnight. A clear seasonality was observed for all of the parameters. However, while variations of phytoplankton and bacterial production paralleled those of temperature, bacterial abundance was low in midsummer and maximum in autumn. While no general pattern could be observed from the total data set, spatial gradients could interfere strongly with temporal changes.     

富氮空气对柴油机NOx排放影响研究

利用分子筛技术制备富氮空气(NEA),在YC4112发动机上研究了利用NEA改变进气成分对柴油发动机NOx排放的影响.结果表明,富氮空气对降低柴油发动机NOx排放效果显著.改变进气成分可以作为降低柴油机NOx排放的有效途径之一.     

拖航系统操纵运动仿真

采用MMG分离式船舶运动数学模型以及拖缆的悬链线模型,构建了由拖船——拖缆——被拖船组成的拖航系统操纵运动模型。通过数值计算,对该系统进行了操纵运动模拟仿真。主要的仿真项目包括拖航系统改变航向和受到小扰动时的运动。在此基础上研究了影响拖航系统航行性能的诸多因素,这些因素主要有:拖缆的长度、拖航速度、被拖船的拖航点位置。针对浅水效应给予拖航系统的影响以及通过改变PD控制参数改善拖航系统航向稳定性进行的初步探讨,得到了一系列有益的结论。     

泵喷水推进器分析与设计改进

通过CFD仿真技术获取了某快艇原载轴流式泵喷水推进器的性能,并通过经典计算发现原载轴流式喷水推进器的额定流量与快艇阻力特性不匹配,且其扬程远远低于期望值。新的泵喷水推进器主要从两个方面进行了改进：一是通过调整喷嘴出口口径使泵喷水推进器在最优效率点运行时正好符合快艇的阻力特性;二是提高泵喷水推进器的扬程使其满足能量平衡的需求。根据确定的参数设计了新的斜流式泵喷水推进器。通过CFD仿真表明斜流式泵喷水推进器达到了设计指标。试水试验表明配备新的泵喷水推进器后快艇达到了期望的要求。     

考虑防波堤失效状况的超大型海洋浮式储油船系泊系统安全性评估

本文首先阐述了建立我国战略石油储备的必要性,选取了超大型浮式储油船作为海上石油储备方式.系泊系统是整个海上储油系统中最重要的设施,对系泊系统的概念、分析、设计和可靠性等作了较详细的描述.用失效概率来评估系泊系统的安全性,是衡量储油系统是否安全的重要手段之一.文中提出了考虑防波堤遭受破坏状况下计算系泊系统失效的数值模拟方法,用时域系泊模拟法求解储油船运动方程并对系泊系统进行了可靠性分析.模拟结果表明,系泊系统的年可靠性为0.999 997.所提出的方法能有效地对超大型浮式储油船系泊系统进行定量的安全评估.     

Overview of maritime research publications by the late Professor Richard O. Goss

We lost one of the great maritime scholars in 2017—Professor Richard Goss, who is considered one of the founders of maritime economics. He was a pioneer and a most influential leader in establishing the discipline of maritime economics worldwide. This paper revisits his research by examining major issues and assessing his arguments by surveying empirical works that have been conducted after his works in the literature. His economic thoughts are based on laissez-faire, welfare economics, and Marshallian economics. Comparing his arguments with major findings in ensuing research, several research directions are suggested.     

声阻抗在管路柔性元件降噪效果评估中的应用

本文根据传递矩阵法,建立了管路柔性元件的固有特性声阻抗和声学性能参数插入损失之间的关系.根据已有的管路柔性元件声阻抗参数获得不受工作环境影响的插入损失,给出管路柔性元件降噪效果的评估方法.     

An improved formulation for bulk cargo ship scheduling with a single loading port

This paper presents an improved, significantly more efficient formulation of an existing model for bulk cargo or semi-bulk cargo ship scheduling problems with a single loading port. The original model, published by Ronen in 1986, was formulated as a non-linear, mixed integer program. In this work, the authors were able to re-formulate it into a linear one, by eliminating all the non-linearities of the original model. In addition, this model has far fewer integer variables than the original one. A numerical example has been given to illustrate the elimination of non-linearities and how 40 integer variables, in the original model, are reduced to just eight. This example also shows that this model is better at finding exact optimal solutions than the original one. It is also worth observing that the resulting model is a generalization of the ‘capacitated facility location problem’.     

An improved formulation for bulk cargo ship scheduling with a single loading port

This paper presents an improved, significantly more efficient formulation of an existing model for bulk cargo or semi-bulk cargo ship scheduling problems with a single loading port. The original model, published by Ronen in 1986, was formulated as a non-linear, mixed integer program. In this work, the authors were able to re-formulate it into a linear one, by eliminating all the non-linearities of the original model. In addition, this model has far fewer integer variables than the original one. A numerical example has been given to illustrate the elimination of non-linearities and how 40 integer variables, in the original model, are reduced to just eight. This example also shows that this model is better at finding exact optimal solutions than the original one. It is also worth observing that the resulting model is a generalization of the 'capacitated facility location problem'.     

排除船舶轮机设备故障的“思路型”做法

结合案例，从理论和实践两个方面，提出了分析排除故障船舶轮机设备的“三个依据、两个策略、一个细节”的思路型做法，用实例分析说明排除轮机设备“软”故障的方法．     

内河码头叠合面板的试验研究

通过两组四边固结叠合板试件的试验研究,验证了分块预制板和整块预制板制成的叠合板具有双向受力效应;分析论证了按二阶段受力特性计算叠合板刚度是可行的;同时给出了两组试件不同叠合面处理方式的试验对比分析结果。     

基桩沉桩过程桩身应力控制标准分析与应用

通过对上千根基桩沉桩过程桩身应力的的统计,找出桩身应力的极值分布,总结出一套适合于预应力混凝土桩和钢管桩的沉桩过程桩身应力控制标准。根据该标准,监控沉桩过程桩身应力值,调整沉桩指令,有利于提高沉桩效率,保证桩身质量。研究成果是对现有规范和的丰富并对工程应用有指导作用。     

带不确定动态的欠驱动水面船舶鲁棒自适应路径跟踪控制(英文)

A robust adaptive control strategy was developed to force an underactuated surface vessel to follow a reference path,despite the presence of uncertain parameters and unstructured uncertainties including exogenous disturbances and measurement noise.The reference path can be a curve or a straight line.The proposed controller was designed by using Lyapunov’s direct method and sliding mode control and backstepping techniques.Because the sway axis of the vessel was not directly actuated,two sliding surfaces were introduced,the first one in terms of the surge motion tracking errors and the second one for the yaw motion tracking errors.The adaptive control law guaranteed the uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking errors.Numerical simulation results were provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller for path following of underactuated surface vessels.     

船用中速主柴油机降低NO_x排放试验分析

分析两种改进方法对减少某中速主柴油机的NOx排放的效果,根据IMO推荐的试验程序进行NOx排放测试,测得排放的数据,使用根据IMO的计算方法开发的计算程序进行NOx排放值的计算,并对改进前后的排放结果进行对比,结果证明,只改变喷油提前角虽然能降低排放但牺牲了较大的经济性。     

计入螺旋桨水动力的轴系校中计算

以某成品油船轴系为研究对象,运用CFD软件FLUENT进行该船的螺旋桨水动力仿真计算,以及采用有限元法进行轴系校中。结果表明,螺旋桨水动力的平均分量对轴承支反力分布有一定改善作用,交变分量对轴承支反力的影响较大,其影响水平与进速系数和螺旋桨桨叶所处角度有关。     

考虑关联性的舰艇生命力评估

舰艇各系统之间的关联性一直是舰艇生命力评估中的棘手问题。为了使评估结果更加有效,以更好地指导舰艇生命力设计,采用贝叶斯网络理论构建了考虑关联性的评估模型。在建模过程中,一方面借鉴层次法,以系统性能为节点构建中间层;另一方面系统关联的实际情况,引入有环贝叶斯网络,并通过求解环上节点的极限边缘概率分布进行消环,将有环贝叶斯网络等效为经典贝叶斯网络。最后采用MSBNX软件对模型进行仿真计算,可以有效地评估出电力系统和损管系统对其他系统的关联影响,同时还得出在系统生命力一定的情况下,提高损管能力可以较大幅度提高舰艇生命力。