船舶污染的刑事责任

近几年来,已经有多起船舶污染案件,船员被遭受污染的沿岸国提起刑事诉讼,并且被追究了刑事责任。国际上各有关利益方也正在为船舶污染所涉及的刑事方面的问题争论不休,而这些问题,在中国也同样存在。文中基于中国现行法律的有关规定,对于中国法下船舶污染刑事责任的有关问题进行了分析。     

船舶动力定位能力分析程序开发研究

本文根据船舶动力定位系统的工作原理,基于MATLAB语言将环境载荷计算、推力计算、推力分配、图形绘制等功能进行集成,完成动力定位能力频域分析模块开发;然后结合Kalman滤波算法采用LQR方法进行反馈控制,完成时域分析模块开发。以某型海洋调查船为算例,首先,利用该程序绘制了动力定位能力曲线,并且与Kongsberg Maritime分析报告对比,结果吻合良好,为推进器的选型与布置提供依据;然后,进行时域模拟给出海洋调查船的位置、姿态的时历曲线和各个推进器的推力响应情况,为实际工程提供指导。     

A unified fatigue life prediction method for marine structures

Marine structures such as ships and offshore platforms are mostly designed with damage tolerance and this design philosophy requires accurate prediction of fatigue crack propagation process. Now more and more people have realized that only a fatigue life prediction method based on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) theory has the potential to satisfy the accuracy requirement and to explain various fatigue phenomena observed. In the past several years, the authors’ group has made some efforts in developing a unified fatigue life prediction (UFLP) method for marine structures. The key issue for this development is to establish a “correct” crack growth rate relation. In this paper the improvement of the crack growth rate model is dealt with first. A new crack growth rate model based on the concept of partial crack closure is presented. The capability of the model is demonstrated. Secondly, studies on the engineering approaches to determine the parameters in the new crack growth rate model are carried out and validated by comparing with the experimental results on a wide range of alloys. Thirdly, the preliminary studies on some significant problems such as load sequence effect are presented. Finally, further studies for the application of the UFLP method to the fatigue strength assessment of marine structures are pointed out.     

船舶操纵回转特性的多目标优化设计应用

定常回转直径作为衡量船舶操纵性的一个指标受到人们的普遍重视。为提高船舶的回转性能,基于船舶四自由度的操纵性方程,分析船舶回转直径和回转横倾,讨论影响回转性能的舵型因素,并将其作为优化设计变量,利用Isight优化设计平台,采用遗传算法进行舵型参数的优化设计。通过选取某高速船作为优化对象,利用该方法进行舵型优化后,回转直径及回转横倾都减小。表明借助Isight的优化功能可以实现船舶操纵性能的优化。     

论船舶溢油污染及应急反应

近年来油船的数量和吨位越来越大,油船进出港口次数日渐增加,船舶发生海损事故的几率也随之增加。由于船舶碰撞等海难事故而发生的溢油,也成为海域污染的主要污染源之一。目前我国的海上溢油应急防治能力还是较低的,与国际上相关先进成果相比,理论和实用性方面均有一定差距,提高海上溢油应急反应能力刻不容缓。     

海上溢油应急能力评估研究

针对目前我国海上溢油应急能力评估现状,借鉴国内外其他领域应急能力评估模式的先进经验,建立了包含5个一级指标,20个二级指标的海上溢油应急能力评估指标体系.运用改进的层次分析法得出不同层次指标的权重,并结合某海区溢油应急能力现状评分,得到该海区海上溢油应急能力等级.研究表明,该评价指标体系合理、实用,可为海上溢油应急能力...     

船舶辅机直流调速系统失磁故障的分析及研究

分析了船舶辅机直流晶闸管调速系统各种控制方案失磁的原因,提出了解决失磁问题的方法,设计出了相关的检测电路,并给出了电路参数及调试时应注意的问题.     

Bus Rapid Transit implementation in Beijing: An evaluation of performance and impacts

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are undergoing rapid development in many countries due to the unique characteristics of this form of mass transit. In China, BRT schemes are being adopted as a key strategy for relieving traffic problems. As a case-study, this paper examines the performance and impacts of BRT in Beijing, the first full-featured BRT system in China. It considers in turn the role of ITS technology in influencing the operational efficiency, technical performance and cost issues associated with BRT. Particular attention is given to the consequent impacts of BRT on travel behaviour change, traffic environment and property development. While some challenges remain, the early performance of BRT suggests that it is one of the key measures for promoting sustainable mobility.     

海上搜救志愿者队伍建设

搜救志愿者已成为海上搜救应急队伍的重要组成部分。我国改革开放和现代化进程的不断深入,为海上搜救志愿者队伍建设提供了有利条件。文章对国内外搜救志愿者队伍的现状和所面临的形势进行了分析,提出了开展搜救志愿者队伍建设的相关建议。     

自动船用天线匹配调节器设计关键技术

根据船用自动天线匹配调节器的功能要求,提出了国产化自动天线匹配调节器硬件设计方案。采用了测载波半周期计数值、求4次平均值计算误差累加和、快速的匹配算法、合理设定分频系数和存储容量等方法,解决了提高测频精确性、Π型电容电感匹配网络的自动调整算法、提高自动调整速度、网络参数存储等关键技术。该技术已被运用到国产自动天线匹配调节器产品中,其实际匹配效果、调整时间等性能指标均不低于同类进口机型。     

船舶电气设备电磁兼容性探析

在船舶电气设备的智能化、模块化和集成化发展过程中,提高其电磁兼容性已成为不可忽视的重要问题。从电磁兼容性的含义及电磁干扰的构成要素、危害等方面入手,结合船舶电气设备电磁兼容的设计目的,对实现电磁干扰抑制的措施进行了重点探析。     

海事电子证据有关问题的思考

自1996年中国出现第一个关于电子证据的民事诉讼案件后,电子证据日益引起法学界的重视如今,在证据信息化的大趋势下,船舶航海电子设备及内部办公软件设施得到进一步广泛应用,以计算机及其网络为依托的电子数据在海事监管工作中的作用越来越重要。VDR、GPS和AIS等航海设备产生的数据在海事监管工作中也渐渐占据着越来越重要的地位,由此产生的电子证据为海事监管带来了极大的便利。文中对海事电子证据利弊及使用等有关问题进行了探索,强调了海事电子证据证明力研究的必要性。     

基于数据驱动的舰船核动力安全支持技术分析

与核电站相比,舰船核动力系统工况多变,运行环境恶劣,辅助系统及工程安全设施相对简易,因此针对舰船核安全技术的研究一直是行业内的热点问题之一.近年来,随着计算机技术的飞速发展,舰船核动力系统大量历史运行数据被完整真实的保存下来,如能利用数理统计、智能学习等大数据分析手段,归纳提炼其隐含的有价值的信息,可形成有效客观的经验积累,指导舰船核动力系统安全运行,为舰船核动力系统运行安全技术的发展提供新途径.     

Fatigue predictions for flexible marine propellers using FSI analysis considering Euler force in the rotating frame

Analysis of flexible marine propellers in terms of their structural response and stress is the key to accurate fatigue prediction. At present, finite element method (FEM) analyses of flexible propellers have been performed as a part of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis using a numerical method for the flexible structures, which is identical to that used for their rigid counterparts. In this study, the Euler force in a rotating frame is employed as an additional external force on the blades of the marine propeller during the FSI analysis. The Euler force is an inertial force component in the rotating frame due to angular acceleration. Acceleration of the rotating frame arises from large deformations of the propeller due to its flexible characteristics. The angular acceleration of the propeller is obtained for each time step, and the resulting Euler force is accounted for as a body force. The FSI analysis results are compared to experimental results in terms of the structural response, stress, and fatigue. It is clear that the Euler force has a major effect on the fatigue characteristics of the propeller because it amplifies the main response components. In conclusion, incorporating the Euler force in FSI analyses of flexible marine propellers is necessary for adequate prediction of the propeller fatigue.     

Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan

Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.     

双燃料发电机在FLNG上的应用

浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置FLNG目前越来越受到各大能源公司和国家的关注,作为新出现的产品,其应用和相关规范还处在不断研究完善和发展阶段。该装置的动力核心是双燃料发电机组,其燃气系统设计和其他相关系统的应用与传统柴油机有很大不同。文中以国内首个FLNG项目使用双燃料发电机为例,介绍并分析双燃料发电机主要系统特点和设计要求。     

论我国船用柴油机机加工工艺技术水平现状与发展策略

通过对目前国内外船用柴油机机加工工艺技术水平现状的调研和分析，提出了发展我国船淫柴油机加工工艺技术的基本思路，探讨了“九五”期间的重点任务和关键技术。     

细长海洋立管涡激振动预报模型

涡激振动预报对于深水环境中的细长海洋结构物的设计至关重要.近年来出现的若干经验模型基于圆柱体受追振荡实验数据.文中介绍了细长海洋结构物涡激振动预报工具的发展,进而提出了一种基于圆柱体受迫振荡实验数据的预报模型.与现有的类似模型相比较,该模型更加直接地利用了原始模型实验数据,并且将立管的有限元模态分析并入到响应预报当中,以计及立管物理参数的不均匀特性.利用近期立管模型在阶梯状分布流以及剪切流中的涡激振动响应实验测量数据,验证了该模型的有效性.该模型的计算结果表明,立管的模态振型、模态频率与涡激振动响应高度耦合,并且对于低质量比的情况尤为明显.文中还指出了类似的基于受迫振荡圆柱体实验数据的预报模型存在的缺陷.     

解决船舶生物污损问题的国际统一方式

生物污损造成的环境生态破坏问题足近年来海洋环境保护工作者研究的热点问题,船舶的生物污损带来的外来物种入侵问题也引起了国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization,IMO)的高度关注.各成员国将在IMO的组织下为解决船舶生物污损问题制定国际统一的控制措施.通过对船舶牛物污损危害性的介绍,结合国外一些国家对生物污损问题的管理经验,并与压载水公约的立法过程进行对比,分析了IMO可能采取的立法措施,对我国航运业应采取的应对措施提出r意见和建议.     

舰船综合电力系统若干问题分析

我国舰船综合电力系统正处于关键时期,面临如何进一步发展的抉择。通过对舰船综合电力系统的基本概念、发展动因、技术路线和关键技术等问题的分析,指出综合电力系统的实质是实现电能的灵活分配,发展综合电力系统的目标是为了打造电力海上力量,陆上演示验证是舰船综合电力系统发展的关键步骤。同时提出能量管理系统应包含电力系统调度的内容,应全面开展高功率密度推进电机的研究。