Friction loss reduction by new lighter valve train system

An aluminum tappet, an aluminum spring retainer, and a thin sintered adjusting shim were developed to produce a lighter valve train. By utilizing these parts, valve train inertia mass was reduced by 28%. Moreover, cam profile and valve spring specifications were redesigned fully to employ the reduced inertia mass for a reduced friction loss. The overall friction loss was reduced by 40%, and this friction loss was achieved in the roller rocker arm system.     

顶置凸轮配气机构仿真分析

运用多体力学的方法对配气机构进行了动态仿真分析，采用数字多体程序的方法，建立了配气系统的理论模型，进行配气机构的运动学、动力学分析，除了得到气门的升程、速度、加速度外，还考虑了摇壁与气门之间的碰撞，以及摇臂支座的柔性。因此得到气门与摇臂之间的碰撞力，摇壁支座的柔性衬套的受力，气门弹簧力，凸轮轴支座反力，气门座反力及凸轮与摇臂之间的压力角等。为凸轮型线、摇壁形状和整个配气机的设计改进提供了重要依据。     

一种连续可变气门升程机构的动力学仿真

设计了一种连续可变气门升程（CVVL）机构,气门升程可在0～9．5 mm连续可变,为该CVVL机构设计计算了凸轮型线和中间摇臂型线。利用GT‐Power对该机构进行了动力学仿真,结果表明：在所有气门升程下,气门具有相同的开启、落座缓冲段,气门动力学性能良好;凸轮与滚轮接触应力偏大,分析了应力偏大的原因,并指出优化方向。     

A method for testing railway wheel sets on a full-scale roller rig

Full-scale roller rigs for tests on a single axle enable the investigation of several dynamics and durability problems related with the design and operation of the railway rolling stock. In order to exploit the best potential of this test equipment, appropriate test procedures need to be defined, particularly in terms of actuators’ references, to make sure that meaningful wheel –rail contact conditions can be reproduced. The aim of this paper is to propose a new methodology to define the forces to be generated by the actuators in the rig in order to best reproduce the behaviour of a wheel set and especially the wheel –rail contact forces in a running condition of interest as obtained either from multi-body system (MBS) simulation or from on-track measurements. The method is supported by the use of a mathematical model of the roller rig and uses an iterative correction scheme, comparing the time histories of the contact force components from the roller rig test as predicted by the mathematical model to a set of target contact force time histories. Two methods are introduced, the first one considering a standard arrangement of the roller rig, the second one assuming that a differential gear is introduced in the rig, allowing different rolling speeds of the two rollers. Results are presented showing that the deviation of the roller rig test results from the considered targets can be kept within low tolerances (1% approximately) as far as the vertical and lateral contact forces on both wheels are concerned. For the longitudinal forces, larger deviations are obtained except in the case where a differential gear is introduced.     

基于仿形门台架试验的滑移门动力学分析方法

准确分析滑移门系统的动力学特性,对车用滑移门的工程开发具有重要意义。文章基于仿形门试验台进行滚轮力试验测量,采用联合仿真的DOE方法,对滑移门动力学模型中的滚轮导轨接触模型进行两因素、多水平组合寻优,获取满足滚轮力误差要求的最优接触力参数组合,并对滑移门动力学模型进行开启、关闭的仿真分析。研究表明,基于此方法建立的滑移门动力学模型具有较高的分析精度,中导轨前导向轮峰值力最大误差为7.52%,能够准确地模拟滑移门的滑动过程;0 °导轨滚轮力比带倾角的滚轮力显著增大,与试验现象完全一致。文章所建立的仿形门试验、动力学建模、参数识别以及动力学分析等流程,可支持滑移门多参数影响分析和平顺性评估,为滑移门正向开发提供有效的理论分析依据。     

液压全驱单钢轮压路机沙土作业的打滑分析

针对液压全驱单钢轮振动压路机沙土作业时后轮打滑的现象,对整机作业时的受力进行分析,指出主要原因是整机牵引力与地面附着性能不匹配。从合理分配驱动力及提高驱动轮附着性能两方面,提出了新的防滑转液压系统,为解决压路机打滑现象提供了新的思路。     

TBM主机皮带机螺旋托辊的安装及受力分析

以TBM主机皮带机双向螺旋橡胶托辊为研究对象,分析其在运输物料的过程中弯矩、剪力和轴力的变化,详细阐述托辊支架的优点和具体的安装方式,说明这种托辊运输的优点。通过分析得出双向螺旋橡胶托辊具有很好的防跑偏和自动调心功能,但在运输物料过程中受力较为复杂。     

全环面牵引传动IVT的运动学和动力学分析

全环面牵引传动无级变速器IVT的速比可从正转经过齿轮空挡状态连续变化到反转,由于具有很好的燃油经济性和驾驶性能,它有望成为新一代汽车变速器。通过对IVT的核心部件variator进行运动学和动力学分析,推导出了variator的输入输出速比与滚轮偏转角及其倾斜角的精确关系式,并利用弹性流体润滑(EHL)理论,计算了牵引油膜的厚度和牵引系数,分析了滚轮受力,从而得出了滚轮的运动状态方程。     

凸轮靠模动态补偿设计法的研究

Ｍ８３２５凸轮轴仿形磨床为对象，从非平稳机过程的时间序入手，建立了以凸轮靠模升程作作为输入、工件升程作为输出的磨床加工系统二阶定常线性自回归数学模型。基于此数学模型，提出了动态设计凸轮靠模型的方法，并按此法进行了凸轮靠模的动态的设计。     

一种新型增力式车轮制动器

研制了一种利用滚柱并通过楔形结构实现制动增力的新型增力式车轮制动器,该结构可使制动蹄受力合理、磨损均匀,为中、重型汽车采用液压制动提供了有效的途径。介绍了该制动器的结构、工作原理,确立了增力条件,导出了一些关键参数的确定方法。初步试验表明,该增力式车轮制动器增力效果显著,制动力大小仍然可以通过制动踏板进行控制,最大制动力能够达到试验车气压制动的水平。简要分析了存在的问题及解决方法。     

Experimental investigation of the valvetrain friction in actual engine operation conditions

Recently, the demands for improved fuel economy have been continually rising because of environmental protection policies, legislative pressures on emissions and increases in the price of oil. Reducing the friction power loss in a production engine may be regarded as one of the most effective technologies for improving fuel economy because the technology is cost effective and applicable to a great number of vehicles. This paper describes attempts to measure the torque needed to drive a camshaft and to examine the sources of the torque fluctuations in order to analyze the friction in valvetrains. The measurements were performed through a cam sprocket-type torquemeter, which was able to measure the torque of the valvetrain under actual engine operating conditions. In the cam torque measured, the fluctuations were mainly dependent on the primary oscillations caused by cam events and the secondary oscillations caused by the valvetrain natural frequency. The range of the fluctuations became greater at high speed because of the inertial mass. The resulting FMEP (friction mean effective pressure) of the valvetrain decreased, and the effective peak tension increased with an increase in the engine speed.     

轮胎包容特性分析及其在汽车振动系统建模中的应用

本文分析了轮胎与路面的接触特点，将汽车承载系统简化为二自由度垂直振动系统，建立了同时考虑轮胎几何滤波效应与弹性滤波效应的弹性滚子接触模型。基于刚性滚子模型和弹性滚子模型，仿真出滚子包容后的有效路形。     

双钢轮压路机的最大制动减速度

为了确定双钢轮压路机的最大制动减速度,建立了双钢轮压路机制动过程的动力学方程,研究了行走液压系统制动力和地面附着力对双钢轮压路机最大制动减速度的影响,得出了不同地面附着条件下的双钢轮压路机最大制动减速度方程。同时指出,在双钢轮压路机的行走系统设计过程中,应该考虑钢轮惯量对双钢轮压路机加减速过程的影响。     

货车变速器滚动轴承的可靠性计算

针对货车变速器可靠性设计时，涉及滚动轴承在可靠度Ｒ〉０．９０条件下的可靠性计算，提出了一种基于满足可靠度的滚同承可行的设计方法，也可供其他民政部下的动轴承可靠性设计作参考。     

对压实度标准和室内成型试件方法的几点看法

通过对动力和静力压实方法的机理分析，指出重型压实标准的实验方法巳不能模拟施工现场的振动压实工况，其击实功也不能适应现代压路机的压实功能，从而提出改进确定标准干密度方法的思路；由于振动成型和静力成型形成材料的内部结构不同，室内成型试件的方法也有待改进。     

Evaluation of Shock Absorber Models

A non exhaustive overview of shock absorber models is presented. The ability of the models to match experimental data is emphasized. Two physical models are presented that are able to extract the internal valve parameters from data without hysteresis. In order to implement a model that copes with hysteresis, most models require the numerical solution to a set of nonlinear differential equations. The use of an alternative restoring force method can get round the time consuming iterative simulation and identification routines. The alternative nonparametric method models the force as a function of velocity and acceleration. The theoretical relevance of the model is studied.     

外置耗能器对自复位预制RC桥墩抗震性能的影响研究

以中国已建成的首座震后自复位桥梁-京台高速（北京段）黄徐路跨线桥为背景,结合自复位结构和装配式结构的特点,发展自复位预制RC桥墩新型结构。设计并制作对桥墩抗侧强度贡献率分别为0,20%及40%的3组外置耗能部件,并对3组自复位桥墩进行水平拟静力往复试验研究。通过桥墩变形和损伤演化过程、力-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、试件耗能能力、预应力筋张拉力变化、残余位移、接缝开口和受压区高度变化等评估自复位预制RC桥墩的抗震性能及外置耗能器对其影响。研究结果表明：外置耗能器耗能段均出现明显的高阶屈曲形态,耗能作用明显,附加外置耗能器自复位桥墩的滞回曲线呈明显的“旗帜”形;耗能器的抗侧强度贡献率越高,墩柱的滞回曲线越饱满,墩柱的耗能能力和抗侧承载力也明显提高;加载至偏移率3.5%时,自复位预制墩柱抗侧承载力无明显下降,表现出良好的延性性能;随墩顶水平位移增加,墩柱内轴向预应力筋张拉力基本呈线性增加,建议墩内竖向预应力筋初始张拉力不超过名义屈服强度的70%;为保证自复位墩柱具有较小的残余位移,建议附加外置耗能器对桥墩的抗侧贡献率不宜超过40%。研究可为自复位预制RC桥墩的结构设计、数值模型验证和工程实践提供参考。     

振动压路机五自由度减振模型求解的一种新方法及仿真分析

根据对振动压路机考虑各系统阻尼后的五自由度减振模型的分析,对该模型进行了求解,并结合振动压路机的设计参数对求解的结果进行了仿真。通过求解及仿真结果可得：与两自由度模型相比,这种求解方法求解的五自由度模型同样简单可行并且分析问题更加全面,能为振动压路机各个模块的减振优化设计提供更好的理论参考依据。     

大跨径宽箱梁连续刚构桥剪力滞效应分析

通过对大跨径宽箱梁连续刚构桥的研究,采用有限差分法计算自重作用下控制截面的剪力滞系数,并对箱梁的剪力滞效应进行分析,为此类桥梁设计提供依据。