Development of disc brake rotors for trucks with high thermal fatigue strength

Thermal fatigue strength has recently become the most important performance required of disc brake rotors for trucks. Accordingly, grey cast iron with added nickel has been used for disc brake rotors. In this study, an evaluation method for thermal fatigue strength during simulation tests was established, and it was found that thermal fatigue strength was improved in proportion to the graphite number in the microstructure. which increased in proportion to the added amount of nickel or as a result of cerium inoculation. Therefore, by combining cerium inoculation with nickel addition, a low-cast disc brake rotor for trucks with high thermal fatigue strength was developed.     

车轮制动圈机加工表面粗糙度的改进

制功圈采用HT250铸铁,要求机加工后除了控制加工尺寸和形位外,加工表面粗糙度也要满足要求。车轮制动圈加工后表面粗糙度不但对使用寿命有较大影响,对制动性能及制动噪声也有影响。因此,摩托车企业对用HT250铸铁加工的制动圈表面粗糙度都有技术要求。     

简述摩托车气缸材料及表面处理

摩托车气缸常用的合金铸铁材料包括高磷铸铁、硼铸铁和铬钼铜铸铁。目前常常用的表面处理方法有表面淬火、软氮化和等离子CVD等。铝合金气缸体在减小质量、提高散热能力方面是最理想的,但为提高其耐磨性要进行表面处理。含Si量低的亚共晶铝合金可通过材料强化法及表面改性法改善其耐磨性、耐热性、强度及刚性。此外还有过共晶铝合金气缸材料。     

摩托车轮毂制动囤金相组织控制

高性能的摩托车轮毂制功圈采用灰口铸铁HT250，影响铸铁金相组织的因素很多，其中最主要的是化学成分、冷却速度、孕育剂及孕育处理工艺、毛坯的壁厚等要素。只有在生产过程中正确选择与严格控制好这些参数，才能获得优良的金相组织。     

Numerical Study for Brake Squeal by Machining Patterns on Frictional Surface

Automotive brake noise has become a stubborn problem as automotive cars achieve higher driving torques, since that the increased torque induces the generation of severe noise dissipation during brake operation. Moreover, the global brake tuning market for achieving higher performance of the vehicle has expanded recently. The need to control the noise grows more in this connection. The tuning brake kits have employed cross-drilled and slotted machining pattern on the surface of the rotor. These designs have advantages to improve air ventilation, temperature control, and surface cleaning of brake pad. However, the effects of modal frequency by patterned rotor surfaces are rarely discussed, even if it is highly related with brake squeal phenomenon. Therefore, this study deals with the relationship between patterned surfaces and brake squeal through the numerical methods. The commercial software of a finite element analysis is employed for calculation by varying geometric design factors of each rotor pattern. As a result, the cross-drilled machining patterns are concluded to be an influential factor for in-plane mode frequency while the slotted patterns have more leverage for out-of-plane mode frequency.     

基于生命周期的轻型商用货车轻量化碳排放研究

以某轻型商用货车为研究对象,根据生命周期理论构建以汽车生产过程中的原材料获取、生产运输、零部件制 造和车辆装配阶段为边界的碳排放量计算模型,探讨了轻量化措施中所涉及材料的生命周期碳排放差异,对比分析了该 车轻量化前后的碳排放量。结果表明,替代材料铝合金、镁合金、碳纤维增强塑料的生命周期碳 （CO2 ） 排放量显著高 于被替代材料钢和铸造铁,分别为 6.23 kg/kg （锻造铝合金）、6.92 kg/kg （铸造铝合金）、14.76 kg/kg （车用镁合金）、 20.2 kg/kg （车用碳纤维增强塑料）、2.85 kg/kg （普通钢）、0.67 kg/kg （不锈钢） 和0.81 kg/kg （铸造铁）;轻量化后的动 力总成系统、传动系统、底盘和车身部分的碳 （CO2 ） 排放量分别增加了0.57%、525.51%、11.57%和33.29%,车辆生命 周期碳 （CO2 ） 排放量增加了 36.22%;钢和铝生命周期碳 （CO2 ） 排放量的降低对于轻量化前后车体部分的减碳效果均 较明显。     

BJ483Q柴油机气门摇臂的改进

原BJ483Q柴油机在试生产过程中出现气门摇臂大范围的拉伤甚至发生烧死的情况,故障率达80%以上。对产生故障的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。对新设计的球墨铸铁及铝合金摇臂分别装进行100h高速、全负荷台架试验,结果表明铝合金材质摇臂可以解决原气门摇臂拉伤问题。     

中国报废汽车材料的组成及再生技术现状分析

汽车主要由钢铁、铝、镁等金属材料和塑料、橡胶、玻璃等非金属材料构成。汽车报废后,这些材料具有回收再利用的价值,对这些材料进行回收利用有利于改善环境状况、节约资源。分析了这些材料的使用情况及发展趋势,讨论其回收利用技术现状,为我国报废汽车的回收利用提供参考。     

铸铁件在现代汽车中的位置

铸铁是汽车四项主要构造材料之一，其重量份额一般居第二位，仅次于钢，而高于铝和塑料。铸铁具有资源、价格和铸造、切削工艺优势。铸铁技术开发已取得了重要进展，不断发展高强度品种，在摩擦磨损领域有优异的表现，此外在吸振性、密度、刚性、对温度的适应性和抗氧化起皮性能上，对各竞争材料有这一点或那一点的优势，能适应某种汽车零件的特定服役要求， 成为优选材料。本文分析若干汽车铸铁件应用实例和提出开发的潜力。     

基于典型道路谱的汽车制动摩擦片寿命预测

文章基于能量磨损机理提出了一种汽车制动摩擦片磨损寿命预测的方法,对车辆制动安全性以及摩擦材料利用率的提升具有一定的现实意义。以车辆制动系统中的摩擦片为研究对象,在制动盘冷却试验基础上建立制动摩擦副热力学模型,旨在探明不同工况下摩擦副热力学特征的变化规律。根据能量磨损机理研究制动温度对材料磨损量的影响关系,结合温度分布特征与摩擦材料磨损率提出摩擦片磨损量的评价标准,建立制动摩擦片的磨损寿命预测模型。基于典型公路道路试验路谱的动力学参数进行摩擦片磨损寿命预测,与试验结果相比其磨损寿命预测具有较好的一致性,为汽车制动系统参数设计及制动摩擦材料寿命研究提供了指导依据。     

活塞材料的应用及发展

文章对内燃机活塞用材料的应用及发展作了详尽的介绍,对几种活塞材料的性能、优缺点、适用范围进行了分析和叙述。分析指出,短期内铸铁和铝合金活塞仍将在内燃机活塞制造中发挥主导作用,从长期发展来看,复合材料将是内燃机材料活塞发展的趋势。     

Design and use of an eddy current retarder in an automobile

In this study, the structure and working principles of an eddy current retarder acting as an auxiliary brake set is introduced in detail. Based on the principle of energy conservation, a mathematical model was developed to design a retarder whose nominal brake torque is 1, 900 N·m. According to the characteristics of the eddy current retarder, an exclusive test bed was developed and used for brake performance measurements. The main technical parameters, such as the brake characteristics, temperature characteristics and power consumption, were measured with the test bed. The test data show that the brake torque of the eddy current retarder obviously decreased in the continuous braking stage and that there is a certain amount of brake torque in the normal driving state because of the remnant magnetism of the rotor plate. The mathematical model could be used to design an eddy current retarder. The exclusive test bed could be used for optimization of an eddy current retarder as well as for R&D of a series of products.     

Development of a semi-empirical program for predicting the braking performance of a passenger vehicle

Since the invention of automobiles, the need to know the braking performance of vehicles has been acknowledged. However, because there are numerous design variables as well as nonlinearities in the braking system, it is difficult to predict the performance accurately. In this paper, a computational program is developed to estimate the braking performance numerically. This synthetic braking performance program accounts for pedal force, pedal travel and deceleration of braking parts, such as master cylinder, booster, valve, brake pad, rotor, and hoses. To improve the accuracy of program, a semi-empirical model of a braking system is introduced by using the empirical test data of pad compression, hose expansion and the friction coefficient between the pad and rotor. The accuracy of the estimation is evaluated by comparing it to the actual vehicle test results. The developed program is easy for the brake system engineers to manipulate and it can be used in the development of new vehicles by incorporating the graphical presentations.     

Experimental investigation using CFD for thermal performance of ventilated disc brake rotor

In the present work, different ventilated disc brake rotor configurations were analysed to enhance the heat transfer rate and obtain the uniform temperature distribution in the rotor. CFD code used in this work was validated at using experimental results obtained by conducting experiments on a test rig. The experimental analysis was performed to calculate the mass flow rate and heat dissipation through the rotor. Further, different types of rotor configurations viz. straight radial vane (SRV), tapered radial vane (TRV), alternate long and short vane (ALSV), variable diameter circular pillars (VDCP) were considered for the analysis. A rotor segment of 20° was considered for the numerical analysis due to its rotational symmetry. CFD results were in good agreement with the experiments. The maximum deviation of the numerical results were about 12 % from the experimental results. It is found from the analysis that among the different types of rotor configurations; variable diameter circular pillars (VDCP) rotor gives better rate of heat dissipation with more uniform temperature distribution in the flow passages. Hence for modern high speed vehicles VDCP rotor may be more appropriate.     

Production engineering development of thin wall steel casting

To make cast steel parts with differing wall thickness, a new casting method which uses an iron pipe was used, in which defects peculiar to steel casting have bee suppressed, and mass production with shorter cycles was made possible.Table 2 shows a comparison of process properties between this method and the conventional steel casting method.     

车用电涡流缓速器转子盘流场有限元分析

简要介绍了车用电涡流缓速器的工作原理,建立了6191HS型电涡流缓速器转子盘叶片二维有限元模型,确定适当的边界条什件并对流场进行了数值分析,显示了叶片上的压力和叶间速度分布,其数值分析结果有利于叶片结构的改进设计,以达到降低转子盘温升,提高电涡流缓速器制动稳定性的目的。     

几种球铁应变疲劳特性的研究(Ⅰ)

对珠光体球铁、铁素体球铁、奥—贝（A－B）球铁的应变疲劳特性进行了研究。结果表明，所研究的几种球铁都具有循环硬化特征。在高应变区，延性较高的铁素体球铁具有较高的循环应变疲劳寿命；而在低应变区，强韧性较高的A－B球铁具有较高的循环应变疲劳寿命。分析了球铁的循环硬化原因，探讨了A－B球钦在循环硬化中的奥氏体转变、断口形貌、循环变形特性和应变疲劳寿命的关系。     

活塞环/气缸套磨损性能的试验研究

根据柴油机活塞环/气缸套快速磨损模拟试验结果,分析了铌铸铁活塞环的磨损性能,对比考察了活塞环外圆是否镀铬对气缸套磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明,铌铸铁活塞环的磨损性能有显著提高,外圆未镀铬的铌铸铁油环与气缸套材料有良好的匹配性能。装机使用表明,铌铸铁油环与原镀铬油环相比,具有成本低、耐磨性好和无镀铬污染等优点。     

变质钨合金铸铁在筑路设备上的应用研究

以钨渣铁合金为主要合金原料制造钨合金铸铁衬板 ,研究了稀土变质处理提高其使用寿命的可能性。研究结果表明 ,钨合金铸铁经适量稀土变质处理后 ,共晶碳化物由网状分布变成断网状分布 ,冲击韧性和耐磨性显著提高 ,变质钨合金铸铁用于制作稳定土搅拌机衬板 ,使用寿命与高铬铸铁和镍硬铸铁相当 ,成本降低 30 %以上     

车用发动机球铁曲轴的质量控制

为提高车用发动机球铁曲轴生产技术水平，从铁水的熔炼及炉前处理、造型工艺、浇注一冷却工艺、曲轴强化等方面，对国内外曲轴铸造工艺进行了分析比较。介绍了获得纯净铁水的熔炼方法、铁水的球化处理方法及球化剂的配比、孕育处理方法、铜与钼合金的配合使用方法等。