隧道施工中塌方的预防和处理

通过分析隧道施工产生塌方的原因,详细介绍了隧道施工塌方的预防、塌方出现的前兆以及塌方的处理,为今后隧道施工塌方的预防和处理提供参考.     

护拱法处理隧道塌方技术应用

隧道施工中塌方是常见的事故,塌方处理方案的关键是要安全、合理、经济.文章通过财神梁隧道塌方处理实例,从塌方原因分析、处理方案、变形监测等方面浅述了护拱法处理隧道塌方的施工技术.     

隧道贯通段塌方处理施工技术

文章通过公山隧道贯通段塌方处理技术的实例,从大断面隧道贯通段塌方的原因分析,介绍了隧道塌方的处理方案、施工工序等施工技术。由于本次隧道贯通段塌方的处理采取厂有效方案,保证了施工安全,处理过程中没有出现二次塌方和掉块现象,围岩和结构处于稳定状态,达到了预期的"安全、稳妥、保质、经济"的目的。其成果可供类似隧道的塌方处理参考、借鉴。     

王家岭双连拱隧道右线塌方处理

文章结合宜万铁路王家岭隧道双连拱施工与右线塌方处理方案,分析了隧道塌方的原因,着重介绍了隧道塌方处理措施及施工中的关键环节。     

浅析下沙隧道塌方处理方案

隧道施工中常出现塌方突发情况,如处理不当,在后续施工中可能导致较大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡。本文紧密结合下沙隧道施工中突发塌方病害实例,分析塌方原因,介绍隧道塌方后的初期处理到全部安全顺利通过塌方段的施工方案,以供对类似的隧道塌方处理有所借鉴。     

浅谈隧道穿越岩性分界面石质塌方处理措施

由于地质构造作用以及风化作用,隧道多存在地质条件复杂地段。当隧道穿越岩性分界面,处理不到位很容易导致隧道塌方,给隧道施工带来安全质量隐患。文章以靖西至龙邦高速公路乐村隧道穿越岩性分界面导致大体积塌方为例,介绍了隧道区地质情况和塌方情况,分析了塌方原因,提出了利用管棚并配合超前注浆小导管的支护处理方法,并阐述了塌方处理效果。     

土胎法在隧道塌方中的应用

针对隧道施工中常遇到的塌方事故,分析其产生的原因,并以永武高速公路龙井隧道塌方处理方案为例,重点介绍"土胎法"的应用。该法对处理地下水丰富、破碎的煤层地质围岩的隧道塌方有着操作方便、经济安全等优点,可为同类隧道塌方处理提供借鉴参考。     

何家坡隧道右洞塌方处理

本文结合何家坡隧道隧道右洞发生的塌方情况,分析了隧道塌方的处理方案,并对处理后围岩的稳定性进行了计算分析,分析结果可供同类工程参考.     

长导管穿越和CRD结合法在隧道塌方处理中的应用

文章在介绍常用隧道塌方处理方法的基础上,针对贵州厦蓉高速公路AT20合同段滚玉隧道的塌方情况及其产生原因,提出了长导管穿越和CRD结合的塌方处理方案,并阐述了方案的具体实施步骤及要点,探讨了方案的处理效果。     

浅谈大有山(黄土)隧道塌方冒顶处理

通过以大有山湿陷性黄土隧道塌方为例,分析了隧道塌方的原因,提出了相关的处理方法。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

Seaport performance analysis using robust non-parametric efficiency estimators

Abstract

Seaport services have been developing year on year, playing an increasingly important role in the economy and the transportation markets of each country. This increases interest in measuring their performance. This paper evaluates the performance of a set of European seaports by means of robust non-parametric approaches. Using order-m and bootstrap procedures, the major problems of traditional data envelopment analysis and free disposal hull methods – concerning noise, presence of outliers and the ‘curse of dimensionality’ – are overcome. With this study considerable levels of inefficiency were found in the European seaports sector.     

Bicycle parking: a systematic review of scientific literature on parking behaviour,parking preferences,and their influence on cycling and travel behaviour

ABSTRACT

Cycling is experiencing a revival in many cities. Research has focused on the determinants of cycling – in particular the role of the built environment and road infrastructure. Bicycle parking has received little attention – even though bicycles are parked most of the time. This article reviews the scientific literature on bicycle parking and identifies existing gaps in research and knowledge. The review analyses 94 peer-reviewed papers identified through a search in Scopus and Web of Science, in December 2017. The annual number of papers increased 15-fold between 1995 and 2017. Overall, the level of evidence on the importance of bicycle parking is limited. The majority of studies are based on cross-sectional data with the presence of parking as a binary independent variable. Most studies focus on bicycle parking at public transport stops and at work places. Few studies report on bicycle parking throughout cities, and hardly any on parking at residential locations. Bicycle parking supply and quality appears to be a determinant of cycling for current and potential cyclists. Our findings can serve as input for an evidence-based debate on the role of bicycle parking. For practitioners, our research supports investment in bicycle parking, but acknowledges that a proper evaluation of such initiatives needs to be conducted to increase the level of evidence.     

Multilevel analysis of daily time use and time allocation to activity types accounting for complex covariance structures using correlated random effects

In this paper multilevel analysis is used to study individual choices of time allocation to maintenance, subsistence, leisure, and travel time exploiting the nested data hierarchy of households, persons, and occasions of measurement. The multilevel models in this paper examine the joint and multivariate correlation structure of four dependent variables in a cross-sectional and longitudinal way. In this way, observed and unobserved heterogeneity are estimated using random effects at the household, person, and temporal levels. In addition, random coefficients associated with explanatory variables are also estimated and correlated with these random effects. Using the wide spectrum of options offered by multilevel models to account for individual and group heterogeneity, complex interdependencies among individuals within their households, within themselves over time, and within themselves but across different indicators of behavior, are analyzed. Findings in this analysis include large variance contribution by each level considered, clear evidence of non-linear dynamic behavior in time-allocation, different trajectories of change in time allocation for each of the four dependent variables used, and lack of symmetry in change over time characterized by different trajectories in the longitudinal evolution of each dependent variable. In addition, the multivariate correlation structure among the four dependent variables is different at each of the three levels of analysis.     

从"神经末梢"到"国际枢纽"——十六大以来广西交通发展综述

文章总结了党的十六大以来广西交通发展取得的成绩,指出广西交通正在从"神经末梢"发展为"国际枢纽",为广西经济社会发展提供了重要支撑。     

Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.