共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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选取某车型后制动器总成,利用乘用车制动器惯性试验台和颗粒物监测采集设备进行制动磨损颗粒物排放测试。在四种循环测试工况下进行制动磨损颗粒物的收集,并对磨损颗粒物的排放因子、粒径质量分布特征和数量分布特征进行分析。结果显示,不管是PM2.5还是PM10,NEDC循环测试工况下磨损颗粒物的排放因子最小,WLTP-Brake循环测试工况下磨损颗粒物的排放因子最大。粒径质量分布特征方面,粒径在2.5~5.0μm范围内的颗粒物质量占比较高,NEDC工况下细颗粒产生较多,在10 nm~0.1μm粒径范围内的颗粒物质量占比明显高于其他三种工况。粒径数量分布特征方面,四种工况下粒径小于0.07μm的颗粒物数量占总颗粒物排放数量的绝大多数,WLTC和WLTP-Brake循环测试工况下超过98%,NEDC和CLTC-P工况下超过了92%。 相似文献
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北京市实际道路公交车颗粒物排放研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用车载测试系统(OBDCTS)和车载尾气检测(PEMS)对装配欧Ⅲ发动机的大型客车进行模拟公交运行实际道路试验,获得了实时的机动车排放数据。在此基础上得出颗粒物(PM)的粒径分布和排放随速度和加速度的分布图形,分析了速度、加速度对颗粒物排放的影响机理,从而得出结论:应当从改善城市道路交通状况和优化车辆的低加速和高减速工况时的发动机的喷油控制及燃烧质量着手,降低PM排放,减少机动车对大气污染。 相似文献
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环境温度对缸内直喷汽油车颗粒物排放特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用电子低压冲击仪(ELPI)对一台满足国Ⅴ排放标准的缸内直喷汽油车进行了颗粒物排放特性研究。试验按照NEDC测试循环在转鼓试验台上进行,分别测量车辆在-15℃,-7℃和25℃下的颗粒物排放。通过对试验结果的研究表明:3个温度下,颗粒物的数量浓度随温度的下降大幅上升,粒径分布范围逐渐变大,均在相同粒径下出现峰值;颗粒物体积浓度随粒径的增大而增大;数量浓度对表面积浓度的影响大于体积浓度,尤其在-15℃下,这种影响更加显著。通过对颗粒物的瞬态排放结果的分析发现:3个温度下,颗粒物的排放主要集中在NEDC循环前200s,数量浓度随车辆的加速而上升,随减速而下降;在-15℃下,在整个NEDC循环的加速工况均出现表面积浓度的排放峰值,且峰值之间较为接近。 相似文献
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随着发动机微粒的排放危害日益受到人们的重视,其排放检测方法亟待发展,本文从颗粒排放物的测量原理出发,详细介绍了其检测所需要注意的问题,并在原理的基础上介绍目前进入实用阶段的典型颗粒物测试设备,分析这类设备的测量方法和各自的局限性,同时在此过程中强调颗粒物排放检测中对粒径分布分析的重要性. 相似文献
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介绍了总质量大于3.5 t的重型汽车用发动机排放法规的主要内容,还介绍了相应的测试设备如测功系统、气态污染物及颗粒物测试系统、排放分析仪标定系统、标准进气系统等设备。 相似文献
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围绕车用柴油机欧Ⅲ排放控制的关键技术进行了综述,介绍了电控泵喷嘴、电控单体泵和电控高压共轨3种燃油喷射系统的工作原理及国内外研究现状,并对各燃油喷射系统进行了评价。提高燃油喷射系统的性能是满足未来更严格排放标准的重要措施,此外还需配合燃烧室优化、空燃比(α)匹配、燃油改质等技术才能更好地发挥其性能,从而满足欧Ⅲ排放标准的要求。 相似文献
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Compression ratio (CR) is a design parameter with highest influence on efficiency, emission and engine characteristics. In conventional internal combustion (IC) engines, the compression ratio is fixed and their performance is, therefore, a compromise between conflicting requirements. One fundamental problem is that drive units in the vehicles must successfully operate at variable speed and loads and in different ambient conditions. If a diesel engine has a fixed CR, a minimal value must be chosen that can achieve a reliable self-ignition when starting the engine in cold start conditions. In diesel engines, variable compression ratio (VCR) provides control of peak cylinder pressure, improves cold start ability and low load operation, enabling the multi-fuel capability, increase of fuel economy and reduction of emissions. By application of VCR and other mechanisms, the optimal regime fields are extended to the prime requirements: consumption, power, emission, noise, etc., and/or the possibility of the engine to operate with different fuels is extended. An experimental Diesel engine has been developed at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac. The changes of CR are realized by changing the piston chamber diameter. Detailed engine tests were performed at the Laboratory for IC engines. Special attention has been given to decrease of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. An optimal field of CR variation has been determined depending on the given objectives: minimal fuel consumption, minimal nitric oxides, and particulate matter emissions, etc. 相似文献
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The relationship between the oxygen content in gasoline and the particulate emission (particle number and weight) was investigated. In order to study the influence of the engine configuration on the particulate emission, four vehicles were tested in which the following systems were installed: Vehicle 1 was equipped with direct injection system which uses central mounted outwardly opening injectors. Vehicle 2 and 3 used direct injection with a side mounted multihole injectors and Vehicle 4 had port fuel injection system. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used as the oxygen booster. The oxygen content in the gasoline was varied from 1 to 3 wt%, which corresponds with an MTBE dosage from 3.55% to 16.11%. This study used fuel that contained the same octane number with a 2% oxygen content without oxygen components, and it was used as the reference fuel in order to distinguish the effect of the oxygen content increases and the octane boosts that result from the MTBE. All vehicle tests were performed on a roller type chassis dynamometer using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) cycle. The experiment results demonstrate that the oxygen content increases in the gasoline reduced the particulate emission in vehicles with direct injection engines. An equivalent phenomenon was observed in a vehicle with a port fuel injection engine, but its absolute particle number was much smaller than that of the gasoline direct injection engine. The amount of reduction of the particle number in the start (cold) phase of the test cycle was significant compared with the later (hot) phase engine operation. However, particulates were emitted even though the engine was fully warmed up, especially when the engine was highly loaded. Other factors such as fuel economy or other exhaust emissions were not significantly affected by the oxygen content. 相似文献
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在每一次排放标准升级前,整车及发动机生产企业都面临着技术路线的选择问题。欧美发达国家对商用车主要动力——柴油机从欧I到欧V各阶段所采取的技术路线已经非常明晰,我国的选择也基本一致。现简要概述如下。 相似文献