艇后大侧斜螺旋桨负载噪声数值分析（英文）

为研究艇后非均匀流场中大侧斜螺旋桨无空泡负载噪声的分布规律,文章采用CFD+BEM法,以SUBOFF潜艇后某大侧斜桨为研究对象,首先稳态计算均匀进流下螺旋桨敞水特性,模拟系数值与实验误差在3%以内,验证了CFD数值计算的可信性。然后采用大涡(LES)模拟,对艇+桨进行三维非定常数值模拟,计算得到桨表面声偶极子数据后,通过距离加权平均法映射到声网格节点上,将噪声源直接分布在桨叶表面上进行积分来预报螺旋桨的低频线谱噪声。采用边界元法基于扇声源理论通过FW-H声类比方程分别在1 k Hz以内对桨盘面、轴向纵剖面及10倍桨半径球场的噪声进行频域求解。研究表明:桨盘面和轴向纵剖面上声指向均呈8字形,但受螺旋桨自身旋转及大侧斜的存在,指向性不唯一;球场声场显示,轴向声辐射面较大,声辐射强,径向辐射面小且辐射较弱;特征点的计算结果显示,高阶叶频声压级明显比一阶叶频低,这与物理现象相符,将特征点处结果与已发表文献进行对比,吻合性良好,并对存在的差异作出了合理的物理解释。该文为螺旋桨噪声预报介绍了一种可行的新方法。     

船用螺旋桨叶片应力的数值分析（英文）

In this study, a series of numerical calculations are carried out in ANSYS Workbench based on the unidirectional fluid–solid coupling theory. Using the DTMB 4119 propeller as the research object, a numerical simulation is set up to analyze the open water performance of the propeller, and the equivalent stress distribution of the propeller acting in the flow field and the axial strain of the blade are analyzed. The results show that FLUENT calculations can provide accurate and reliable calculations of the hydrodynamic load for the propeller structure. The maximum equivalent stress was observed in the blade near the hub, and the tip position of the blade had the largest stress. With the increase in speed, the stress and deformation showed a decreasing trend.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

波浪中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能研究（英文）

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid(VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation forfurther studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.     

全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法（英文）

为了解决全回转推进器螺旋桨的单向流固耦合问题,实现螺旋桨桨叶结构强度精确评估,文章基于计算流体力学和有限元法开展了螺旋桨桨叶的结构强度计算方法研究,重点探讨了桨叶表面随机分布压力从流体域到固体域的转换技术。在此基础上,文中提出了桨叶固液交界面上水动力载荷的转换方法,详细研究了插值加权系数和有限元网格尺寸对桨叶结构强度计算精度的影响规律,给出了适用于桨叶强度评估的插值加权系数和单元网格尺寸选取原则。最后,该文以5 000 k W级全回转推进器螺旋桨为例,开展了桨叶结构强度数值计算和安全评估,获得了桨叶的应力和变形分布规律,整体上建立了全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法,可为大功率全回转推进器螺旋桨设计提供借鉴和参考。     

浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究（英文）

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

舵球鳍参数对扭曲舵水动力性能的影响研究（英文）

文章对桨后普通舵和扭曲舵的水动力性能进行了试验研究,并采用计算流体力学方法对桨舵系统的水动力性能进行计算,得到了不同进速系数下的推力系数、扭矩系数以及敞水效率,并绘制了敞水性能曲线。通过桨舵模型试验值与计算值的对比,验证了计算方法的可靠性。为了进一步提高扭曲舵的节能效果,在扭曲舵前安装了舵球,优化舵球的半径后在舵球两端安装推力鳍,通过优选推力鳍的各个参数(安装位置、展弦比和安装角),使桨舵系统的敞水效率逐步提高。确定了舵球鳍的最优参数后,桨—扭曲舵系统的效率进一步提高1.2%。最后通过观察舵表面压力分布、舵附近轴向速度和迹线分布,分析了舵球鳍对桨舵干扰的影响。     

均流中PPTC螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值预报（英文）

文章采用Sauer空化模型,研究了网格类型和湍流模型对均流中螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值模拟的影响,研究表明,现有的空泡模型适合于螺旋桨梢涡空泡的数值模拟,其中梢涡空泡区域网格密度是关键,文中提出了一种合适的梢涡空泡区域网格加密方法。对PPTC螺旋桨全湿流和梢涡空泡进行了数值预报,螺旋桨梢涡空泡形态与试验结果进行了对比,并应用涡判据Q准则和λ2准则分析了梢涡与梢涡空泡的流动特征。全湿流中梢涡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现单峰特性,最小涡量在涡心处,而空泡流中梢涡空泡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现双峰特性,最小涡量不在涡心处。     

对转垂直轴潮流水轮机数值评估（英文）

In this study, the performance of a contra rotating vertical-axis tidal-current turbine was investigated. The incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(U-RANS) equations were solved via two-dimensional(2D) numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code. An algorithm known as SIMPLE from the CFD code was used to calculate the pressure-velocity coupling and second-order finite-volume discretization for all the transport equations. The base turbine model was validated using the available experimental data. Three given scenarios for the contra rotating turbine were modeled. The contra rotating turbine performs better in a low tip speed ratio(TSR) than in a high TSR operation. In a high TSR operation, the contra rotating turbine inefficiently operates, surviving to rotate in the chaotic flow distribution. Thus, it is recommended to use contra rotating turbine as a part of new design to increase the performance of a vertical-axis tidal-current turbine with a lower TSR.     

上风向与下风向风机气动力性能数值计算分析（英文）

Although the upwind configuration is more popular in the field of wind energy, the downwind one is a promising type for the offshore wind energy due to its special advantages. Different configurations have different aerodynamic performance and it is important to predict the performance of both downwind and upwind configurations accurately for designing and developing more reliable wind turbines. In this paper, a numerical investigation on the aerodynamic performance of National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in downwind and upwind configurations is presented. The open source toolbox Open FOAM coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method is applied to tackle rotating problems of wind turbines. Two 3D numerical models of NREL phase VI wind turbine with downwind and upwind configurations under four typical working conditions of incoming wind velocities are set up for the study of different unsteady characteristics of the downwind and upwind configurations, respectively. Numerical results of wake vortex structure, time histories of thrust, pressure distribution on the blade and limiting streamlines which can be used to identify points of separation in a 3D flow are presented. It can be concluded that thrust reduction due to blade-tower interaction is small for upwind wind turbines but relatively large for downwind wind turbines and attention should be paid to the vibration at a certain frequency induced by the cyclic reduction for both configurations. The results and conclusions are helpful to analyze the different aerodynamic performance of wind turbines between downwind and upwind configurations, providing useful references for practical design of wind turbine.     

螺旋桨空泡和噪声特性试验研究（英文）

本文通过螺旋桨空泡噪声模型试验,研究螺旋桨空泡和噪声特征,以及螺旋桨不同阶段空泡和噪声的关系,探究螺旋桨噪声产生及控制机理。建立了螺旋桨空泡和噪声同步测试方法,针对2400 TEU集装箱船螺旋桨开展模型试验。从螺旋桨模型试验结果分析得出:片空泡脱落形成梢涡空泡产生的噪声量级最高,且具有宽带特性,梢涡空泡噪声量级次之;模型状态下片空泡脱落形成梢涡空泡,以及独立的梢涡空泡引起的空泡噪声均在1 000 Hz附近存在明显峰值,对应实桨的峰值频率为50-60 Hz。     

螺旋桨梢涡流场的DES模拟（英文）

文章应用分离涡模型(DES)对螺旋桨尾流中梢涡流场分布进行了数值研究。为准确模拟螺旋桨梢涡流场的信息,应用全六面体网格对螺旋桨计算域进行网格划分,通过迭代计算确定螺旋桨梢涡涡核的位置。为避免数值离散误差,对梢涡区域进行了网格加密处理。为了研究螺旋桨梢涡空间形态,文中采用涡核识别的"Q准则",对螺旋桨梢涡等值面进行定义。计算结果表明,该文建立的尾流中梢涡流场分布数值模拟方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场的分布及涡核形状,与实验测量结果相符。     

反应舵在螺旋桨尾流中的水动力性能

本文对反应舵在螺旋桨尾流中的水动力性能及桨舵干扰进行了研究。舵的水动力及周围流场用面元法计算，螺旋桨性能用无限叶数的简易螺旋桨理论预估。桨舵干扰作用以迭代方法求得。采用面元法计算反应舵的性能，可以更精确地反映较复杂的反应舵表面形状对水动力性能的影响。通过计算得到的舵表面压力分布可看出反应舵节能的原因。本文还对反应舵的操纵性能进行了计算和研讨。     

导管螺旋桨后襟翼舵水动力特性研究

本文是在襟翼舵敞水试验的基础上进一步作桨后水动力特性研究。文中分析的桨后的流场并给出了尾弦比为ξ=0.25襟翼舵的桨后水动力特性的试验结果。     

带前置预旋导轮的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值模拟研究（英文）

本文基于非定常粘性RANS方法结合Schnerr-Sauer空泡模型,建立了船后螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值预报方法,并开展了数值方法的不确定度分析;然后采用ITTC'78自航预报规程结合CFD方法预报了带前置预旋导轮的节能效果,开展了安装节能导轮后的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力预报研究;对比分析了有无节能装置时的螺旋桨叶表面空泡形态及1阶和2阶船体脉动压力。研究表明,在本实例中安装节能装置后的1阶和2阶脉动压力分别下降了33%和20%,而桨叶表面空泡面积也有所下降。     

IMO框架内的舵效换算风险分析（英文）

基于SOLAS第Ⅱ-1/29条要求的全速操舵试验可能存在翻船风险,MSC.365(93)决议对SOLAS有关操舵试验的要求进行了修订。本文结合IACS相关文件,以船舶操纵理论知识为基础,结合模型试验和实船试验数据,对IACS UI SC246 Rev.1中提出的舵效换算方法开展了可行性分析与评估,为舵效换算及等效操舵提供了理论依据和试验基础。     

针对PPTC 2015测试工况开展的基于OpenFOAM的空泡螺旋桨在倾斜轴条件下水动力性能分析（英文）

In this paper, we present our analysis of the non-cavitating and cavitating unsteady performances of the Potsdam Propeller Test Case(PPTC) in oblique flow. For our calculations, we used the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation(RANSE) solver from the open-source Open FOAM libraries. We selected the homogeneous mixture approach to solve for multiphase flow with phase change, using the volume of fluid(Vo F) approach to solve the multiphase flow and modeling the mass transfer between vapor and water with the Schnerr-Sauer model. Comparing the model results with the experimental measurements collected during the Second Workshop on Cavitation and Propeller Performance – SMP'15 enabled our assessment of the reliability of the open-source calculations. Comparisons with the numerical data collected during the workshop enabled further analysis of the reliability of different flow solvers from which we produced an overview of recommended guidelines(mesh arrangements and solver setups) for accurate numerical prediction even in off-design conditions. Lastly, we propose a number of calculations using the boundary element method developed at the University of Genoa for assessing the reliability of this dated but still widely adopted approach for design and optimization in the preliminary stages of very demanding test cases.     

小水线面双体船螺旋桨激励船体振动研究（英文）

文章研究了小水线面双体船的桨—轴—船体耦合系统在螺旋桨受宽带力激励下的纵向振动特性。建立了考虑周围流体介质作用的桨—轴—船体动态耦合系统的声振数值计算模型,经实船试验表明计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。采用该模型计算分析了桨—轴—船体耦合系统的振动特性。作用在螺旋桨上的激励力传递到船体时,受到轴系子系统的调制作用及推力轴承基座结构的刚度影响,在轴系一阶和二阶纵向振动模态处出现动力放大;考虑螺旋桨的弹性变形时,激励力在螺旋桨的桨叶若干纵向振动模态频率上也出现了明显的放大。在这些低频段的振动模态频率上,船体结构受放大的激励力作用,容易产生共振及声辐射。     

桨舵间距对螺旋桨推进性能影响的研究

利用CFD数值工具对原型以及减少桨舵间距后的布置进行数值模拟,量化其节能效果,并通过模型试验进行验证。CFD和模型试验结果均表明,减少桨舵间距对于提高螺旋桨推进性能有明显效果。以某3万吨级散货船为例,模型试验结果显示,减少桨舵间距0.5m后,收到功率降低3.1%,航速提高0.13kn。目前市场上运行的三大主力船型中,有相当数量船舶的桨舵间距仍有一定调整空间,表明这项研究成果具有良好的市场应用前景。