DIRECT VOXEL-PROJECTION FOR VOLUMETRIC DATA RENDERING IN MEDICAL IMAGERY

IntroductionWith the development of medical imagingtechniques,many devices such as computed tomo-graphy,positron emission tomography,singlephoton emissioin computed tomography,magneticresonance imaging,and ultrasound scanners arewidely available for capturing the planar images ofhuman organs directly in machine- readable form.These medical imaging methods bring a lot of ad-vantages to clinical diagnosis and treatment.How-ever,due to these systems'2 - D imaging modali-ties,it is difficult to un…     

基于图像内容和混沌系统的图像认证算法

提出了一种利用离散余弦变换（Discrete Cosine Transform,DCT）系数和混沌系统的可用于检测图像篡改定位的脆弱性数字水印算法.首先将图像进行不重叠的分块,分块后的图像经过DCT变化后,利用中频系数产生水印.同时利用混沌系统构成图像块间信息嵌入和提取的对应关系,并将水印嵌入到相关块的最低有效位.图像篡改检测过程为：将提取的水印和生成的水印进行比较,通过差异的位置对其进行定位.实验结果显示,该算法具有良好的定位精度,混沌系统的采用,使算法具有较高的安全性.     

Detecting shifted double JPEG compression tampering utilizing both intra-block and inter-block correlations

Copy-paste forgery is a very common type of forgery in JPEG images.The tampered patch has always suffered from JPEG compression twice with inconsistent block segmentation.This phenomenon in JPEG image forgeries is called the shifted double JPEG(SDJPEG) compression.Detection of SDJPEG compressed image patches can make crucial contribution to detect and locate the tampered region.However,the existing SDJPEG compression tampering detection methods cannot achieve satisfactory results especially when the tampered region is small.In this paper,an effective SDJPEG compression tampering detection method utilizing both intra-block and inter-block correlations is proposed.Statistical artifacts are left by the SDJPEG compression among the magnitudes of JPEG quantized discrete cosine transform(DCT) coefficients.Firstly,difference 2D arrays,which describe the differences between the magnitudes of neighboring JPEG quantized DCT coefficients on the intrablock and inter-block,are used to enhance the SDJPEG compression artifacts.Then,the thresholding technique is used to deal with these difference 2D arrays for reducing computational cost.After that,co-occurrence matrix is used to model these difference 2D arrays so as to take advantage of second-order statistics.All elements of these co-occurrence matrices are served as features for SDJPEG compression tampering detection.Finally,support vector machine(SVM) classifier is employed to distinguish the SDJPEG compressed image patches from the single JPEG compressed image patches using the developed feature set.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

一个高质量的数字音频压缩算法

提出一个具有实时性能的改进型ＲＣＴ算法,并将改进型ＤＣＴ与混合滤波器组相结合,给出了一个高质量音频压缩算法,该算法增加了滤波变换块长度的自适应特性并更接近于人耳的滤波特性。     

Adaptive illumination normalization approach based on denoising technique for face recognition

A novel adaptive illumination normalization approach is proposed to eliminate the effects caused by illumination variations for face recognition. The proposed method divides an image into blocks and performs discrete cosine transform (DCT) in blocks independently in the logarithm domain. For each block-DCT coefficient except the direct current (DC) component, we take the illumination as main signal and take the reflectance as “noise”. A data-driven and adaptive soft-thresholding denoising technique is employed in each block-DCT coefficient except the DC component. Illumination is estimated by applying the inverse DCT in the block-DCT coefficients, and the indirectly obtained reflectance can be used in further recognition task. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms other existing methods. Moreover, the proposed method does not need any prior information, and none of the parameters can be determined by experience.     

具有可变超松弛因子的OSEM在PET重建中的应用

基于最大似然期望法(ML-EM)重建的图像质量好,但因其收敛速度太慢,而难以直接应用于临床.有序子集最大期望法(OSEM)具有较高的重建图像质量和较短的计算时间,超松弛因子(OR)有可灵活调节超松弛因子和加速收敛两种功效.文中将OSEM和OR有机地结合起来用于PET图像重建,形成可变超松弛因子的OSEM重建算法(OR-OSEM).该方法综合了上述两种算法的优点,具有可根据需要灵活改变子集数和超松弛因子的功能.计算机仿真模拟和临床PET投影数据的重建结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于频域特征的H.264/AVC帧内编码模式快速预测

为降低H．264／AVC帧内预测计算复杂度，提出了基于频域特征的快速帧内编码模式预测算法．首先，对要编码的4×4块进行DCT变换，得到少数的几个DCT系数．然后，通过这几个系数计算块的特征方向和方差．最后，根据特征方向和方差计算最可能的几种预测模式．实验验证了该算法在不牺牲图像质量和压缩效率的基础上将帧内预测的计算复杂度平均降低了67．5％．     

图像分块下的隧道裂缝识别方法

针对隧道衬砌表面不均匀光照、渗水和噪声等强视觉干扰,设计了基于图像分块的隧道衬砌裂缝检测算法;根据中国西部地区的地理特征和隧道衬砌的外观病害,研制开发出一种快速、自动化的非接触式智能隧道结构物外观检测系统; 以非均匀光照下隧道图像数据集为研究对象,在图像分块的基础上提出一种适用于隧道裂缝特征提取的图像识别算法;研究了电子元件产生的噪声,并分析和总结了隧道衬砌的灾害特征;根据裂缝特征和分辨率将图像矩阵划分为适当数量的区域块,根据区域块的灰度特征将原始图像划分为目标背景区、目标病害区、病害背景区和其他区域,通过最大类间方差法和局部阈值法分割得到了隧道裂缝的粗图像,在此基础上进行了粗图像裂缝特征提取;对原始图像的每个区域块进行了对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡操作和局部阈值分割,得到了细节图像;将细节图像和粗图像的重叠区域设为理想裂缝二值化图像;结合隧道结构物外观检测系统对不同方向的裂缝图像进行了二值化试验,并通过隧道裂缝定位和投影法得到了隧道衬砌图像中裂缝的位置信息和方向。研究结果表明:提出的算法对隧道裂缝识别的准确值、召回率和F值可分别达90.34%、98.78%和94.37%,既可以保证隧道裂缝的完整性,也可以在非均匀光照下最大程度地保留目标裂缝的细节,可用于处理一般灰度图像的二值化问题。      

基于灰度投影和宏块线性搜索的电子稳像

为减轻因摄像机震动造成的视频序列失稳,提出了一种基于灰度投影和宏块线性搜索的电子稳像方法.该方法首先利用灰度投影进行粗匹配,估计当前图像相对于参考图像的偏移量;再利用块匹配结合正方形线性搜索进行精确匹配,得到较精确的位置偏移量,进而进行运动补偿实现视频稳定.实验结果表明,该方法能使稳像精度得到提高,同时与全搜索法和菱形搜索法相比,计算复杂度有所减小.     

基于音频内容的DCT域脆弱水印算法

为了实现音频文件的完整性认证,提出了一种基于内容的脆弱水印算法.对于一维序列,改变其离散余弦变换(DCT)域交流系数不会改变该序列的幅值和.基于这一性质,在音频分帧后,再对每帧分组,计算每组采样点和的绝对值,相加后得到该帧的和,将其作为该帧音频的特征,量化后转换为二进制作为水印;然后,用量化索引调制方法,通过调整每组DCT域的低频系数嵌入水印.实验表明:该算法具有很好的不可感知性;得到的含水印音频的信噪比约为80 dB;算法对添加噪声、重量化、重采样、低通滤波、MP3压缩等操作具有很强的敏感性,并且能够确定替换等恶意篡改的位置.     

一种基于稀疏表示的交通图像去噪算法

将图像稀疏表示方法引入到交通图像处理中,实现了一种基于K-SVD的正交匹配追踪的交通图像去噪算法.该算法通过奇异值分解,DCT字典进行自适应更新,形成更能表示图像结构的超完备字典.实验结果表明,相对于传统图像增强方法(中值滤波、均值滤波、基于小波滤波)和基于DCT冗余字典的稀疏表示图像增强方法,该算法能更有效地去除交通图像噪声,得到更高的峰值信噪比.     

基于深度学习的文本情感分析并行化算法

在训练集和测试集数据量大的情况下,半监督递归自编码（semi-supervised recursive auto encoder,Semi-Supervised RAE）文本情感分析模型会出现网络训练速度缓慢和模型的测试结果输出速率缓慢等问题. 因此,提出采用并行化处理框架,在大训练集情况下,基于“分而治之”的方法,先将数据集进行分块划分并将各个数据块输入Map节点计算每个数据块的误差,利用缓冲区汇总所有的块误差,Reduce节点从缓冲区读取这些块误差以计算优化目标函数;然后,调用L-BFGS （limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno）算法调整参数,更新后的参数集再次加载到模型中,重复以上训练步骤逐步优化目标函数直至收敛,从而得到最优参数集;在测试集大的情况下,模型的初始化参数为上述步骤得到的参数集,Map节点对各句子进行编码得到其向量表示,然后暂存在缓冲区中;最后,在Reduce节点中分类器利用各语句的向量表示计算各自语句的情感标签. 实例验证表明:在标准语料库MR （movie review）下本文算法精确度为77.0%,与原始算法的精确度（77.3%）几乎相同;在大数据量训练集下,训练时间在一定程度上随着计算节点的增加而大量减少.      

一种基于DCT域滤波的新型盲均衡器

在常数模算法(CMA)基础上，提出一种适合于多电平调幅、调相数字通信系统的基于离散余弦变换(DCT)域滤波的新型CMA盲均衡器．计算机仿真结果表明：该盲均衡器较纯粹的CMA均衡器具有更好的均衡性能．     

公交司机排班问题的混合元启发算法研究

针对我国公交企业中司机在1 个工作日内驾驶同一辆车的“人车绑定”管理模式, 提出混合元启发算法求解司机排班问题.首先建立以车辆数为目标的车辆调度模型,获得仅 满足司机休息时间的非可行解;接着迭代地使用局部搜索算子、破坏重建扰动等方法对解进 行调整,使其满足司机工作时间和吃饭时间等约束,并尽可能地降低排班成本;在迭代搜索 过程中记录发现的可行排班链集合,迭代结束后构建集合覆盖问题(SCP)模型对其进行改 进,以获得最佳的司机排班方案.在13 条公交线路案例上进行测试,实验结果验证了本文算 法的有效性.     

流线网络优化的变分不等式模型与算法

为解决具有复杂超网络特点的流线优化问题,求解以供需匹配度最大化为目标,以能力和资源限制为约束条件的流线网络优化模型,利用向量概念,对流线网络优化模型的目标函数和约束条件进行了简化和修正,将其转换为变分不等式形式,给出了基于投影算法的求解步骤,并以某市物流节点布局规划为例进行分析.案例研究表明:利用投影算法得到的区域物流网络供需匹配度为0.999 7,高于经验比较法得到的供需匹配度0.947 6,更接近实际物流需求;并验证了基于变分不等式的流线优化模型存在唯一解.     

A Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm for QoS-Aware Path Selection in DiffServ and MPLS Networks

Introduction The enlargement of the Internet user commu-nity has generated the need for IP-based applica-tions requiring guaranteed quality of service (QoS)characteristics. For providing per-flow serviceguarantees without a per-flow state in the corerouters, the integration of DiffServ and multi-pro-tocol label switching (MPLS)[1]architecture hasbeen proposed. The MPLS architecture provides adistributed way for resource reservation and QoSpath setup through the use of a Label Distribut…     

Single Image Super-Resolution Method via Refined Local Learning

In this paper,we propose a refined local learning scheme to reconstruct a high resolution(HR)face image from a low resolution(LR)observation.The contribution of this work is twofold.Firstly,multi-direction gradient features are extracted to search the nearest neighbors for each image patch,then the non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)is used to reduce the complexity in weight calculation,and the initial HR embedding is estimated from the training pairs by preserving local geometry.Secondly,a global reconstruction constraint and post-processing by non-local filtering is incorporated into super-resolution(SR)reconstruction process to reduce the image artifacts and further improve the image visual quality.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the SR performance both in subjective and objective assessments compared with several existing methods.     

FAST IMAGE ENCODING ALGORITHM BASED ON MEAN-MATCH CORRELATION VECTOR QUANTIZATION

Introduction　　 Vector quantization (VQ) is an importanttechnique for image compression,and has beenproven to be simple and efficient[1,2 ] .Signal com-pression is achieved in VQ by using a codebookwith relatively few codevectors compared to thenumber of possible signal vectors. VQ can beviewed as a mapping from k- dimensional Euclideanspace Rk into a finite subset C of Rk.We call thisfinite set C the codebook and,moreover,C={ci|i= 1 ,2 ,… ,N},where ci is a codeword and N is thecodeboo…     

严格伪压缩映像不动点和均衡问题的公共元的迭代算法

均衡问题的解在最优化理论及应用中具有十分重要的意义。物理学和经济学中的很多问题可归结为寻找平衡问题的解。有关非线性算子不动点的迭代构造问题及混合均衡问题的求解方法,许多学者进行了研究。利用杂交投影算法,用以逼近Hilbert空间中严格伪压缩映像不动点集与混合均衡问题解集的公共元,并证明其强收敛性。此算法的最终投影具有显示表达,因而更有利于应用。所得结果改进和推广了最近一些文献的相应结果。     

A Distributed Virtual Backbone Formation for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

The virtual backbone is an approach for solving routing problems in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. A connected dominating set (CDS) was proposed as a virtual backbone to improve the performance of wireless networks. The quality of a virtual backbone is measured not only by approximation factor, which is the ratio of its size to that of minimum CDS, but also time complexity and message complexity. In this paper, a distributed algorithm is presented to construct a minimum CDS for ad hoc and sensor networks. By destroying triangular loops in the virtual backbone, the proposed algorithm can effectively construct a CDS with smaller size. Moreover, our algorithm, which is fully localized, has a constant approximation ratio, linear message and time complexity, and low implementation complexity. The simulation results and theoretical analysis show that our algorithm has better efficiency and performance than conventional approaches.