基于底盘测功机的摩托车耐久性和工况排放试验中冷却风机出口风速随距离衰减的研究

摩托车国Ⅲ工况排放测试和耐久性测试中,摩托车要在底盘测功机上跟踪规定的曲线行驶,风机模拟道路行驶中的自然风冷却车辆,速度满足风速等于车速。由于从风机出口断面到摩托车发动机有一定距离,随着距离的增加,出口风速、风量会发生衰减和扩散,这样,到达发动机的风速必然小于车速,致使冷却效果下降,模拟效果不佳,长时间运行还会对发动机、催化转化器产生损害,影响排放结果。     

燃料电池客车散热系统设计分析

以某型燃料电池客车为研究对象,对其发动机冷却系统的散热量进行设计计算。根据已有的冷却风扇的性能曲线以及散热器的管路阻力曲线确定风扇的工作点,从而确定流通风速。根据已编制的散热器散热能力的计算程序计算冷却系统的散热能力,将计算结果与实验数据进行比较,为改进目前的客车散热器散热能力的计算方法提供参考。     

基于电子风扇控制的混合动力客车散热器面积计算

混合动力客车配置电子风扇是发展趋势,但电子风扇的转速、扇叶直径、整车电流对冷却效果有较大影响。用传统方法匹配散热器,很难满足发动机的冷却需要。本文提出一种针对于电子风扇控制冷却的散热器散热面积计算方法。     

发动机舱过热的仿真分析

针对发动机舱存在过热现象,应用CAE技术对整车在怠速时的机舱内空气流动状况进行了仿真分析,结果显示在散热器、冷凝器及风扇处存在回流现象,经过排气歧管的气流因其它部件遮挡而流向右大灯,且排气歧管温度很高,相当于对气流进行加热,造成右大灯温度过高。文章通过设置导流通道来增加进风量和减小回流,改善了发动机舱内的空气流动状况,因此,该方案是有效可行的,指出通过对发动机舱进行冷态的模拟仿真并辅助一定的实践经验完全可以解决好发动机舱过热问题.     

高原环境下柴油机冷却系统性能仿真

利用GT-suite软件建立了柴油机工作过程模型和冷却系统模型并进行直接耦合,通过高原模拟台架试验验证了模型的正确性,进而研究了不同海拔外特性工况下柴油机及其冷却系统性能的变化规律。结果表明:海拔每升高1 000m,柴油机出口水温平均升高5.01%,散热量平均减小6.25%,风扇质量流量平均减小11.20%,柴油机功率平均减小3.55%,燃油消耗率平均增加4.67%;该装甲车辆在海拔1 000~2 600 m低转速区和海拔2 600m以上必须降负荷或者提高冷却系统散热能力后使用。最后以柴油机出口水温不超过报警值为目标,计算得到了柴油机最大允许负荷和风扇最小体积流量增幅MAP图,为高原环境下柴油机及其冷却系统匹配和改进提供了参考。     

基于强耦合理论的柴油机稳态传热计算

为了解决柴油机冷却水与机体组件之间的流动与传热问题,将强耦合理论应用于柴油机的稳态传热计算。建立了柴油机机体—缸盖—缸套—缸垫—冷却水腔的流—固耦合模型,通过内燃机工作过程仿真确定燃气侧的传热边界条件,进行了数值模拟。最终得到了冷却水腔内速度、压力、传热系数以及主要受热零部件的温度分布情况。     

DL59天然气发动机冷却水套流动与传热仿真分析

应用商用计算流体力学软件Fluent对某天然气发动机冷却水套进行了模拟计算,得出了缸体、缸盖水套内的冷却液流场分布以及压力损失。水套总压损失的计算结果为43.72kPa,缸体水套冷却液流速0.7m/s以上,缸盖水套冷却液流速0.5m/s以上,均符合流速准则。热负荷较高区域的传热系数也满足要求。     

Topology optimization of gas flow channel routes in an automotive fuel cell

An efficient topology optimization method for fluid-structure problems was developed in an effort to determine the optimum flow channel route in a fuel cell bipolar plate from first principles. This study describes the derivation and solution of new mathematical equations for topology optimization combining a density-based algorithm, the interpolation method of moving asymptotes (MMA), and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with a term representing the chemical reaction between hydrogen and the catalyst. The present method is based on the finite element method with a newly developed reaction rate equation. In this model, a topology variable of 0 represents viscous flow, whereas a value of 1 indicates porous flow. The flow velocity and pressure were obtained from the Navier-Stokes equation and constraints and element matrices for sensitivity analyses during the optimization. MMA was utilized to calculate the optimum flow routes in the design domain. The influence of the key design parameter q and the pressure drop on the optimum topology were also investigated. The channel topology became smoother with decreasing q, and the number of channels increased with increasing pressure drop.     

某轿车发动机舱流场分析

在整车开发设计初期,发动机舱内的流场分析是机舱零部件布置和优化的重要手段。文章利用STAR—CCM＋软件对某轿车在概念设计阶段的发动机舱流动进行了模拟仿真,获取了其发动机舱内流场特性,指出了阻碍流动的回流、阻滞区及漏风位置,进一步提出了优化机舱内流动的改进方案,通过流场分析辅以经验设计,为发动机舱后续的布置优化提供了依据。     

基于EEOI的内河船舶航速优化研究

航速优化对船舶节能减排,提高能效水平具有重要意义.运用船舶动力学理论,以内河船舶为实例,规避理论模型中的不确定参数,利用实测数据确立主机油耗与航速关系模型,该模型考虑水流速度对油耗的影响,进而建立船舶EEOI与主机转速模型,并应用Matlab软件对模型进行优化求解.研究结果表明,在预定时间内,船舶主机采用优化得到的转速运行时,油耗节省0.8t,EEOI减少1.64%,提高了船舶能效水平.      

CA498柴油机冷却水流LDV测量

为验证柴油机冷却水套CFD计算结果的准确性，利用LDV测速系统测量了CA498柴油机缸盖及缸体内流场12个关键点处的速度，并将试验结果与CFD计算结果进行了比较一结果表明，除了缸体上3个点的实际测量结果与CFD计算结果有较大偏差以外，其他各点试验测得的数据与CFD计算结果有较好的一致性。分析了造成偏差的主要原因。     

某国IV柴油机催化器流场分析

为分析某国IV柴油机后处理装置内部流场的气流分布,文章通过CFD软件AVL-FIRE对该柴油机的催化器进行了CFD仿真分析,计算得到了催化器载体DOC和POC前端的速度均匀性系数,该结果符合评价标准。结果表明,裁体前端的速度均匀性系数均处在一个较高的水平,能够满足气流分布均匀性要求。     

发动机冷却风扇故障的逻辑代数诊断法

以马自达626轿车发动机冷却风扇为例，说明其工作原理及工作过程。当使用MTX手动变速器时，发动机冷却风扇只有低速挡，由1个风扇继电器控制工作；当使用MTx自动变速器时，发动机冷却风扇有高、低速挡，并由3个风扇继电器控制工作。在发动机冷却风扇故障的逻辑诊断方法中，介绍了基本的逻辑关系，冷却风扇工作状态的逻辑表达式，以及利用逻辑表达式进行冷却风扇的故障诊断。     

低瓦斯公路隧道横通道附近流场分析及优化

在公路隧道建设过程中,施工机械产生的废气以及从隧道围岩渗漏出来的有毒有害气体会对施工安全造成一定的影响。针对米仓山公路隧道巷道式通风系统横通道附近瓦斯不能及时排出的问题,通过CFD数值模拟对横通道附近空气流动和危险气体的扩散规律进行研究。结果表明： 沿横通道向掌子面方向的部分区域存在风速小于0.5 m/s的危险区域。为达到消除危险区域的目的,提出增大隧道进口风速、增大风管出口风速和增设射流风机3种方法对横通道附近流场进行优化。通过对比分析发现： 增设射流风机是消除危险区域最有效的措施,并且当在进风隧道横通道前方50 m处设置射流风机时,可使得整个隧道中不存在危险区域。     

倒虹吸隧道智能排污结构构想与数值分析

为减少甚至解决倒虹吸隧道中污物沉积和堵塞问题，提出一种新型倒虹吸隧道工作井智能排污结构。利用SolidWorks软件对隧道及工作井进行建模和数值模拟优化，并进行物理模型试验验证。研究结果表明： 1）外加辅助块体有助于降低湍流位置，而在一定范围内改变入口处水流流速对引水结构的影响不大； 2）在工作井内加入矩形三角块和在入口区加阶梯双三角块、出口区加矩形三角块是倒虹吸隧道较优的智能排污结构方案； 3）雨水方沟断面尺寸大小会对水流湍流位置和流速分布有所影响，但添加适当的辅助块仍具有较好的智能排污效果。     

排水管堵塞引发路基边坡曲面式沉陷模拟分析

以某高速公路斜坡地段红层填料路基因排水管堵塞引起路基边坡发生曲面式沉陷为背景,借助数值模拟软件分析不同因素变化对路基三维渗流场及破坏范围的影响,并提出此类路基病害的防治方法.研究结果表明:三维渗流场在平面投影图上呈"扇形"分布,在空间上呈现为靠近排水管处位置较高、远离排水管处位置较低,边坡呈曲面式沉陷破坏;管内水头越高...     

Visualization of periodic flows over a sunroof opening by using a phase-marked PIV measurement

Flows over cavity openings are known to be highly structured and periodic due to the strong sound pressures emitted by the cavities. This article is concerned with the measurement of flow fields over the sunroof opening of an SUV. Since the PIV system used in the present work is not capable of taking phase-locked velocity fields during the measurement stage, phase-marked PIV measurements are performed and the phase-locked velocity fields are retrieved during a post-processing stage. The new PIV measurement method is shown to yield fairly accurate results with a proper choice of a phase-bandwidth. By using the phase-marked PIV measurement method, the evolution of large-scale structures in shear flow over the sunroof opening as phase changes is revealed. The detached shear layer is shown to fluctuate and then form a discrete large vortex convecting and impinging on the rear roof edge of the SUV. The average convection velocity of the vortex is calculated to be 0.45 of the nominal free stream flow velocity. Flow fields are compared for four different cases of deflector protrusion and a case without a deflector. Installation of a deflector can significantly change the flow field. For a deflector that reduces the buffeting noise by more than 10 dB, it is shown that turbulent fluctuations are initiated by the deflector but do not grow in amplitude as they convect downstream. As the deflector protrusion is increased, the amount of flow under the deflector increases in general. The flow exiting from the channel formed by the deflector and an A-frame is shown to increase the thickness of the shear layer near the leading edge of the sunroof opening.     

车用燃料电池发动机热管理系统研究

建立了车用燃料电池发动机热管理系统模型,该模型能考虑系统内各部件间及部件与电池堆间的相互影响;应用该模型计算分析了某65 kW车用燃料电池热管理系统对燃料电池堆性能的影响、热管理系统运行参数的控制依据和散热器布置形式的影响等。结果表明,应主要通过调节冷却风扇转速来调整电池堆温度,通过调节冷却水泵来保持电池堆进出口水温温差;散热器并联要优于散热器串联。     

Investigation into the development of a bus electrical cooling fan system

Manufacturers of commercial vehicles are facing a substantial increase of heat release into their cooling systems. The main sources for this increase are more stringent emissions leading to new combustion technologies and the increased power of these engines. The total increase in the cooling requirement may be up to 20% over the current level. At the same time, the noise levels must be decreased, and fuel economy has to improve. This forces manufacturers to consider new concepts and optimize the efficiency of the cooling system. A bus engine cooling fan system is one of the main means of vehicular fuel efficiency reduction. This is becoming a major factor in city noise, and the necessity of electromagnetic technical development is very great. This study features a highly effective BLDC motor for engine cooling fans with high effectiveness and low noise, which is most suitable for fan blade technical development and cooling fan performance evaluation technical development.     

A study on the formation of vertical vortex in the cylinder of an I.C. engine using CFD: Effect of intake valve closing timing

Air flows in the intake ports and cylinders of a four-valve gasoline engine were numerically analyzed by means of an original CFD code named “GTT”. In this code, the k-ε turbulence model was used and the Chakravarthy-Osher 3rd order TVD scheme was applied to the convection terms in all the governing differential equations. The validity of the code was confirmed by comparing the calculated results of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity with the measured ones by means of LDV. Using the present code, the effect of the intake valve closing timing on the formation of vertical vortex in the cylinder of a four-valve engine was investigated. It was found that the turbulence energy in the combustion chamber near compression TDC can be increased by the retardation of intake valve closing timing in the case of intense vertical vortex, because the vertical vortex is intensified by the back flow from the cylinder to the intake ports.