Model based burnt gas fraction controller design of diesel engine with VGT/Dual loop EGR system

-Recently, regulation of NOx and PM emission in diesel engines has become stricter and the EGR system has been expanded into a dual loop EGR system to increase EGR rate as well as to utilize exhaust gas strategically. In terms of engine combustion characteristics, burnt gas fraction is becoming an important factor of solving the NOx and PM emission reduction problem more efficiently but conventional controller focused only pressure and air flow rate targets. Unlike the previous studies, this paper describes a model based burnt gas fraction control structure for a diesel engine with a dual loop EGR and a turbocharger. Feedforward control inputs based on burnt gas fraction states aids in the precise control of diesel engines, especially in transient states by considering coupled behavior within the system. For the controller validation, a control oriented reduced order model of a diesel engine air management system is established to simplify the control input computation and its stability is proved by analysing the internal dynamics stability. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed and controller robustness at certain operating points is validated using an HiLS bench.     

Numerical study of a light-duty diesel engine with a dual-loop EGR system under frequent engine operating conditions using the doe method

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an emission control technology that allows for a significant reduction in NOx emissions from light- and heavy-duty diesel engines. The primary effects of EGR are a lower flame temperature and a lower oxygen concentration of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. A high pressure loop (HPL) EGR is characterized by a fast response, especially at lower speeds, but is only applicable if the turbine upstream pressure is sufficiently higher than the boost pressure. On the contrary, for the low pressure loop (LPL) EGR, a positive differential pressure between the turbine outlet and the compressor inlet is generally available. However, a LPL EGR is characterized by a slow response, especially at low and moderate speeds. In this study, of the future types of EGR systems, the dual-loop EGR system (which has the combined features of the high-pressure loop EGR and the low-pressure loop EGR) was developed and was optimized under five selected operating conditions using a commercial engine simulation program (GT-POWER) and the DOE method. Finally, significant improvements in the engine exhaust emissions and performance were obtained by controlling several major variables.     

Flamelet combustion model for stratified EGR distribution in a diesel engine

Numerous research has been devoted to finding a method to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. In-cylinder EGR stratification is a technique that simultaneously reduces NOx and soot using a nonuniform EGR distribution in the combustion chamber. To study the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification, a new combustion model is required that considers the non-uniform EGR distribution and the chemical kinetics. In this study, a new combustion model, the Flamelet for Stratified EGR (FSE) model, was developed to consider the non-uniform in-cylinder gas distribution based on chemical kinetics. The concept of the FSE model is based on using multiple flamelets with the multizone concept. To describe the non-uniform gas distribution, the combustion chamber is divided into several zones by oxygen concentration at the start of injection. Then, the flamelet equations are solved at the boundary of each zone. The final species mass fraction of each cell is calculated using linear interpolation between two results from the boundaries. In this paper, the FSE model was validated under in-cylinder EGR stratification conditions, and then, the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification was studied by using the FSE model. The effect of in-cylinder EGR stratification was verified under various injection timing, engine speed, and road conditions with optimized engine geometries. The results shows simultaneous NOx and soot reductions under the stratified EGR condition.     

MTU新型柴油机的电控系统

MTU新型柴油机采用了高度集成机体、分流式冷却系统、三层壁排气管以及新型的电控系统，其中电子燃油喷射系统的应用使柴油机的经济性得到了提高，排放得到了优化；而电子管理系统使柴油机的许多功能得以完善，整体性能得以提高。重点阐述三种新系列柴油机的电控系统的工作原理及特点。     

SCR control strategy based on ANNs and Fuzzy PID in a heavy-duty diesel engine

The paper presents an innovative method combining artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Fuzzy PID to demonstrate the advantages of this control approach for meeting both NOx emission requirements and NH3 slip targets. An ANN model was utilized to simulate the formation of NOx emissions under various engine operating conditions. Next, an effective closed-loop control strategy with a type of feedback known as fuzzy PID is adopted for on-line, real-time control of 32.5% aqueous urea dosing in the exhaust stream. The new strategy explores the benefits by simulation and testing in the environments of Matlab/Simulink and ESC/ETC, respectively. The notable achievement of considerable NOx reduction and an acceptably small NH3 slip is obtained based on this new, feasible and effective strategy.     

Investigation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of diesel engine EGR coolers

An important goal in diesel engine research is the development of a means to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The use of a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is one of the most effective techniques currently available for reducing nitrogen oxides. Since PM (Particulate Matter) fouling reduces the efficiency of an EGR cooler, a tradeoff exists between the amount of NOx and PM emissions, especially at high engine loads. In the present study, we performed engine dynamometer experiments and numerical analyses to investigate how the internal shape of an EGR cooler affects the heat exchanger efficiency. Heat exchanger efficiencies were examined for plain and spiral EGR coolers. The temperature and pressure distributions inside these EGR coolers were obtained in three dimensions using the numerical package program FLUENT.     

增压柴油机排气再循环（EGR）控制系统的设计

因为某柴油机NOx排放超过国Ⅲ标准,根据据发动机EGR控制系统的要求和特点,为了控制氮氧化物的排放,设计了EGR控制系统的硬件以及控制软件,通过发动机排放13工况试验,结果表明效果良好。     

现代汽车柴油机的电控喷射系统

就柴油机电控系统中的燃油喷射系统的系统组成,及其对循环供(喷)油量、供(喷)油正时、供(喷)油速率和供(喷)油规律和喷油压力的控制进行了论述,并就现代柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的发展前景提出了看法.     

Effects of split injection,oxygen enriched air and heavy EGR on soot emissions in a diesel engine

The effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air, and heavy exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot emissions in a direct injection diesel engine were studied using the KIVA-3V code. When split injection is applied, the second injection of fuel into a cylinder results in two separate stoichiometric zones, which helps soot oxidation. As a result, soot emissions are decreased. When oxygen enriched air is applied together with split injection, a higher concentration of oxygen causes higher temperatures in the cylinder. The increase in temperature promotes the growth reaction of acetylene with soot. However, it does not improve acetylene formation during the second injection of fuel. As more acetylene is consumed in the growth reaction with soot, the concentration of acetylene in the cylinder is decreased, which leads to a decrease in soot formation and thus soot emissions. A combination of split injection, a high concentration of oxygen, and a high EGR ratio shows the best results in terms of diesel emissions. In this paper, the split injection scheme of 75.8.25, in which 75% of total fuel is injected in the first pulse, followed by 8°CA of dwell time, and 25% of fuel is injected in the second pulse, with an oxygen concentration of 23% in volume and an EGR ratio of 30% shows a 45% reduction in soot emissions, with the same NOx emissions as in single injection.     

CNG/柴油发动机油气切换系统的优化控制

CNG/柴油双燃料的出现解决了由于经济高速发展带来的汽车保有量迅速增加对燃料的需求,以及所造成的环境问题,它是石油的理想替代品。文章首先研究了CNG/柴油双燃料汽车发动机供给系统的组成和控制原理,并对目前所使用的双燃料发动机的油气切换系统进行了可行的优化控制。     

柴油机排放控制新技术

分析了柴油机排放控制面临的主要问题，介绍了降低柴油机NOx和微粒(PM)排放的新技术，它们的特点、作用机理以及有待改进的方面。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

Combustion and emission characteristics of BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy for different injection delay and EGR rate in a diesel engine

The purpose of this study is to understand the operational characteristics of a diesel engine that uses BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation. In particular we study the effects of tuning injection delay and EGR rate. BD containing about 10% oxygen has attracted attention due to soaring crude oil prices and environmental pollution. This oxygen decreases soot by promoting combustion, but it also increases NOx. To solve this problem, injection timing may be delayed or an EGR system may be applied. These adjustments normally lower engine power and increase exhaust emission but, in using fuel reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation (which is changed physically and chemically to promote combustion), we may hope to circumvent this problem. To control the duration of the ultrasonic energy irradiation, the capacity of the chamber in an ultrasonic energy fuel supply system was tested at 550cc and 1100cc capacities. As for the results of the experiment, we could identify the optimum EGR rate by investigating the engine performance and the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to the injection timing and the EGR rate while ultrasonically irradiated BD20 was fed to a commercial diesel engine. With UBD20 (at an injection timing of BTDC 16°), the optimum EGR rate, giving satisfactory engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics, was in the range of 15∼20%.     

CM-Ⅲ型柴油机训练器电气控制系统的设计

系统地介绍了柴油机训练器的电气控制系统的作用、硬件结构和程序设计。     

JX493D型柴油机T—P表控制系统故障浅析

分析并排除了JX493D型柴油机组T—P表控制系统在工作中不能停机的故障。     

AIS型柴油发电机组智能控制系统设计

作者设计的AIS型柴油发电机组控制系统,已经广泛应用于各种军用和民用柴油发电机组的智能控制、实时检测和参数显示以及三遥控制。本文主要介绍控制系统的基本组成、控制方法和技术特点。     

基于柴油机排气后处理的排放控制技术应用研究

柴油机排放控制的重点是氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒物(PM)两种污染物,文章对目前已经实用化的柴油机排气后处理技术的发展现状和趋势进行分析研究,对将柴油机机内净化技术与机后处理技术相结合同时能降低NOx和PM的排综合控制技术进行了分析探讨。     

重型柴油机冷EGR与VGT耦合优化试验研究

以1台重型柴油机为试验对象,基于台架试验结果,通过建立数学模型和评价标准,对各个工况下的EGR和VGT阀门开度组合进行优化。经各评价标准优化结果的比较,选取折中NO_x排放和烟度的标准作为最优方案,对其优化结果进行分析可知:相同转速下,随着负荷的增大,EGR阀门开度先增大后减小;中等负荷下,VGT阀门开度较小,随着转速的升高,阀门开度逐渐增大;NO_x及CO排放整体较低,大负荷和高转速工况下NO_x排放显著提升,低速大负荷工况下CO排放严重升高;中等负荷下,排气烟度极低,但低速大负荷工况下烟度迅速升高。     

国内柴油机企业的竞争与变局--2005年柴油机市场分析

12005年商用车市场走势特征及影响因素分析据中国汽车工业协会最新统计,从柴油化率来看,2005年我国重卡为99%、中卡98%、轻卡89%;大客91%、中客97%、轻客35%。因此可以说,商用车,尤其是中、重卡(相对于中、重卡来讲,大、中型客车的市场份额很小)的市场走向决定了柴油机的市场走