Development of a fiber-reinforced plastic armrest frame for weight-reduced automobiles

This paper presents the design optimization process of a short fiber-reinforced plastic armrest frame to minimize its weight by replacing the steel frame with a plastic frame. The analysis was carried out with the equivalent mechanical model and design of experiment (DOE) method. Instead of considering the whole structure, it is divided into three simpler regions to reduce the complexity of the problem through examining its structural characteristics and load conditions. The maximum stress and deflection of the regions that carry the normal load are calculated by the analytical mathematical form derived from an equivalent model. The other regions loaded by contact stress are handled by FEM (finite element method), the DOE method, and the RSM (response surface model). To optimize the design variables in both cases, the object functions derived from these calculations are solved with a CAE (computer aided engineering) tool. This method clearly shows the mechanical and mathematical representation of structural optimization and reduces the computing costs. After design optimization, the weight of the optimum plastic-based armrest frame is reduced by about 18% compared to the initial design of a plastic frame and is decreased by 50% in comparison with the steel frame. Some prototypical armrest frames were also made by injection molding and tested. The research results fulfilled all of the design requirements.     

多功能电动车车架的优化设计

汽车车架作为汽车总成的重要组成部分,其结构设计在汽车总体设计中至关重要。为进一步合理优化车架的性能,提高车辆的轻便性和工作效率,文章以某型多功能电动车车架设计为例,用ANSYS软件进行优化分析,阐述了拓扑优化的设计方法。通过优化,提高了车架的总体性能及材料的利用率。结果表明,该优化设计可以在改善结构性能的基础上实现材料的最优分布,减轻了结构质量,节省了设计成本。其方法可广泛应用于承载机构的优化设计工程。     

拼焊板冲压成形研究的现状和发展趋势

从分析汽车车身采用拼焊板的利弊和国内外研究现状出发，剖析了其设计到生产过程的主要问题，如激光焊接、冲压成形性仿真研究、试验研究、焊缝移动控制和模具结构等，预测了国内外拼焊板的发展趋势。     

Structural optimization of a circumferential friction disk brake with consideration of thermoelastic instability

This research suggests a new disk brake design using circumferential friction on the disk of a front-wheel-drive passenger car. The paper compares mechanical performance between the conventional and suggested disk brakes under dynamic braking conditions. Thermoelastic instability is considered in simulation of the test condition. An optimization technique using a metamodel is introduced to minimize the weight of the suggested disk brake. To achieve this goal, the response defined in the optimization formulation is expressed in a mathematically explicit form with respect to the design variables by using a kriging surrogate model, resulting in a simple optimization problem. Then, the simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to find the global optimum. The design results obtained by the kriging method are compared with those obtained from ANSYS analysis.     

汽车全塑前端模块结构优化设计

随着塑料材料性能的日益提升,汽车零部件塑料化是汽车轻量化的主要手段之一。文章针对某车型的全塑前端模块结构,根据前端模块的性能指标,利用仿真分析完成前端模块的优化设计,在前端模块性能基本不降低的前提下,整个结构优化实现重量降低10%左右,最终达到降低零件重量和成本的要求。     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

Optimization and design of disk-type MR brakes

In this paper, first a new design for a disk-type magneto-rheological (MR) brake for automotive applications is proposed and then, a finite element analysis is performed to analyze the resulting magnetic field intensity distribution within the MR brake configuration. This finite element model of the brake is then utilized in a optimization process which incorporates Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain optimal design parameters. The optimization process goal is to increase the braking torque capacity of the brake while keeping the weight of the brake as low as possible. Although, the braking torque of the present design is larger compared to the previous designs, the braking toque capacity of the present design is still smaller than the required braking torque for automobiles.     

制造误差对汽车结构动态特性的影响

本文讨论制造误差对汽车结构动态特性的影响。由于制造误差,我们把汽车结构参数作为随机参数,利用随机参数结构的随机特征值分析理论来估计制造误差对汽车结构动态特性的影响。这个方法也可用于估计有限元分析和汽车结构动力学设计的可靠性。为了说明该理论的应用,本文以某汽车车架为例,作了分析计算,并得到了一些重要结果。     

基于拓扑优化的车架结构可靠性设计

为了提高某载货车车架的力学性能并减轻重量,将可靠性理论引入车架结构的优化设计。考虑了多种行驶工况的冲击载荷对车架的破坏作用,给出多工况条件下拓扑优化结果,建立满足各总成的布置和实际行驶要求的新设计结构,基于结构可靠性和有限元法对新设计车架的结构参数进行了可靠性优化设计。理论分析和车架的实际应用情况表明,该车架设计合理,说明该优化设计方法进行车架结构设计的有效性和可行性,为结构优化设计提供一种思路。     

某车型车身造型及CFD外流场分析

基于某车型三视图的三维重建方法,构建了该车身的参数化模型。采用正交试验法获得一系列典型参数模型,通过对系列化流场分析模型的对比研究,得出优化模型。这为车身外形的参数优选设计提供了具有指导意义的研究方法,该研究方法对于汽车造型的流场分析具有普遍推广性。     

路基回弹模量对路面结构力学性能影响的数值分析

目前我国路基设计参数取值较低,直接导致路基病害频繁发生。针对此种情况,通过大型有限元软件ANSYS建立了典型道路模型,对不同路基回弹模量(以下简称模量)下的路面结构力学性能进行计算分析;计算结果表明,适当提高目前路基设计指标,可以明显地优化路面结构的受力性能,最大限度降低道路病害发生的风险。     

Structural design of an outer tie rod for a passenger car

This study proposes a structural design method for an outer tie rod installed in a passenger car. The weight of the outer tie rod is optimized by using the aluminum alloy Al6082M, which is developed as a steel-substitute material, and applying structural optimization techniques. The high strength aluminum with improved mechanical properties was developed to reduce the weight of the outer tie rod. The newly developed aluminum alloy Al6082M is applied as the material of the outer tie rod. The static strength due to inertia force, durability and buckling performances are considered in the structural design of the outer tie rod. At the proto design stage of a new outer tie rod, it is cost-effective to utilize FE (finite element) analysis to predict each of these performances. In addition, the current trend in the structural design of automobile parts is to use optimization techniques to reduce the weights of the parts. First, for an arbitrary base design, the static strength, the life cycle and the buckling load are calculated to check whether the design satisfies its criteria. Then, the critical performance is selected so as to include its loading condition only in the optimization process. In this study, the metamodel based optimization process using kriging is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the critical design requirement. Then, the feasibility of the determined optimum shape is investigated against the other performances. Finally, the optimum design of outer tie rod is modified by considering forging efficiency. The performances of the final design are investigated through simulation and experiment.     

基于PSO算法的反力架设计与优化

为提升盾构隧道专用反力架轻量化水平和降低制造及运输成本,对其结构进行优化。首先,依据设计的反力架结构建立其有限元模型,并结合工程数据类比确定载荷条件,验算反力架强度及刚度; 然后,以所有板材厚度为自变量、反力架总质量为因变量,利用方差分析的方法获得主效应图,确定5种对结构总质量贡献量大的板厚为优化变量; 最后,以5种板厚为设计变量,强度、刚度指标作为约束条件,反力架质量最小为优化目标,采用PSO算法进行求解。结果表明： 优化后结构的最大应力为252.2 MPa,最大变形为10.6 mm,反力架总质量从305.78 t降至274.85 t,减重比例为10.1%(30.90 t),验证了结构优化的有效性。     

Gate shape optimization using design of experiment to reduce the shear rate around the gate

Numerical analysis is used to optimize the gate shape of the mold part in the molding process. The objective of this research was to develop a procedure that will optimize the gate shape of the mold part by using Design of Experiments approach. The computer-aided engineering software Moldflow was used to simulate the plastic injection molding process and the Minitab software was used to analyze the computational results from Moldflow. The Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) UNI-203S thermoset material was chosen as the molding material. Four different types of gate shapes were analyzed to find the gate shape to be used in the optimization. The Type 3 gate shape was selected as basis for the gate optimization because this shape yielded the minimum shear rate around the gate among all. The thickness, width, length and angle of the gate were selected as the design variables. Erosion around a gate due to repetitive shear flow during molding process was considered as an important issue to extend the service life of the expensive mold. It is normally very difficult to prevent erosion due to high injection pressure and repetitive use of the mold, especially in certain molding parts as BMC reflector in automotive parts, so it has become the subject of researches. The effectiveness of design variables was evaluated by observing shear rate around the gate. The objective of the optimization was to minimize the average shear rate around the gate. Response Surface Method was applied to identify the optimum values of the design variables. The computed optimum values were validated numerically. The optimized gate shape showed the reduced shear rate by about 11%.     

汽车结构耐撞性设计与优化研究综述

汽车的碰撞安全问题是汽车行业一直重点关注的问题之一,开展汽车结构的耐撞性设计已成为提升车辆碰撞安全性的重要手段。文章对国内外汽车结构耐撞性设计与优化的研究成果进行回顾与总结,鉴于碰撞过程的强非线性与众多设计准则相互耦合等特性,重点对近似多目标耐撞性优化方法及其应用进行综述,并分析存在的问题和进一步深入研究的方向。     

GT-drive的车辆动力系统匹配及优化

汽车动力装置参数对汽车动力性和燃油经济性有很大影响，文章分析了影响车辆动力系统匹配的主要因素以及优化方法，利用GT-drive软件对一款微型车进行建模仿真，对其经济性与动力性进行分析，与该车实际试验数据对比，保证该模型的精确性，并利用DOE功能优化该车的各挡变速比和主减速比，以此达到在保证原车动力性的基础上提高经济性。通过分析比较优化前后的经济性和动力性参数，确定出一套最佳的传动系数，该优化结果为车辆的进一步改型设计提供了理论依据。     

半挂车车架多轴疲劳寿命研究

根据半挂车车架结构特点,建立了半挂车车架的有限元模型及多体动力学模型,对车架进行了静力学分析和以H级路面的路面载荷作为边界条件的动力学分析,得到了车架静态应力分布和载荷谱。并以此数据为依据,采用Wang-Brown多轴疲劳损伤模型预测了半挂车车架的多轴疲劳寿命,针对其疲劳薄弱部分提出了结构和工艺优化方案。优化后的车架满足使用寿命要求,且比原设计减重20%。     

路面激励引起车内噪声的模拟和试验

本文建立了因路面不平度随机激励所产生的车内噪声的数学模型，借助了测得的车身悬置连接点的导纳函数，各连接点到车内耳旁位置的噪声传递函数以及悬置和轮胎参数，计算了由路面不平度所引起的车内耳旁噪声的大小，并将其与道路模拟机上的测量结果相比较，结果表明两者获得了较好的一致，还进一步分析了改变悬置和轮胎参数对车内噪声的影响，为车内噪声的分析、悬置参数的择优选取和汽车的声学设计提供了简易方法。     

扭转梁悬架碳纤维复合材料横梁结构优化

鉴于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)轻质高强的特点,本文中将某乘用车扭转梁悬架原钢质横梁用碳纤维复合材料替代,并进行结构优化设计。首先,通过碳纤维增强复合材料层合板力学性能试验获得材料力学参数,建立悬架扭转梁有限元模型,并对扭转梁中的碳纤维复合材料横梁截面进行改进设计。在此基础上,综合考虑横梁质量、刚度和工艺约束,对CFRP横梁进行铺层厚度、角度和铺层顺序的多层次优化。优化后,在满足各项性能指标的情况下,碳纤维增强复合材料横梁比原钢质横梁轻量79.34%,取得显著的轻量化效果。     

Shape design optimization of interior permanent magnet motor for vibration mitigation using level set method

This paper presents a new optimization method to obtain the structural design of permanent magnet motor which can reduce the mechanical vibration. The optimization problem is formulated to minimize a multi-objective function including the mean compliance of the whole stator for maximizing the stiffness under the magnetic force and the torque ripple by aligning torque profiles to a constant target value for maximizing the magnetic performance, with constraint for material usage. The level set function is introduced for representing the structural boundaries and calculating the material properties. A coupled magneto-mechanical analysis is performed to verify the vibration characteristic of the motor system and obtain the design sensitivities. To confirm the usefulness of the proposed design method and to obtain the optimum structural design for low vibration motor, a design example of 20 kW interior permanent magnet motor developed for the power train of a hybrid electric vehicle is provided.