Spark Ignition Engine Idle Speed Control Using a Novel Framework and Enabling Control of the Tradeoff between Fuel Consumption and Load Rejection Capability

In this paper, a new framework for idle speed control is presented [The idle control methodology described paper is protected by international patent law]. A simple new discrete event based engine model evolving in the crank domain is given and is parameterized using a combination of dynamic identification and steady state calibration. The majority of the non-linearities can then be inverted and a second synthetic output is introduced. This second output is the torque reserve of the engine and enables control of the tradeoff between disturbance rejection capabilities and engine efficiency. A linear controller is designed using the H 8 loopshaping technique and results are presented from dynamometer based engine tests.     

Spark Ignition Engine Idle Speed Control Using a Novel Framework and Enabling Control of the Tradeoff between Fuel Consumption and Load Rejection Capability

In this paper, a new framework for idle speed control is presented [The idle control methodology described paper is protected by international patent law]. A simple new discrete event based engine model evolving in the crank domain is given and is parameterized using a combination of dynamic identification and steady state calibration. The majority of the non-linearities can then be inverted and a second synthetic output is introduced. This second output is the torque reserve of the engine and enables control of the tradeoff between disturbance rejection capabilities and engine efficiency. A linear controller is designed using the H 8 loopshaping technique and results are presented from dynamometer based engine tests.     

Development of an idle speed engine model using in-cylinder pressure data and an idle speed controller for a small capacity port fuel injected SI engine

An idle speed engine model has been proposed and applied for the development of an idle speed controller for a 125 cc two wheeler spark ignition engine. The procedure uses the measured Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) at different speeds at a constant fuel rate and throttle position obtained by varying the spark timing. At idling conditions, IMEP corresponds to the friction mean effective pressure. A retardation test was conducted to determine the moment of inertia of the engine. Using these data, a model for simulating the idle speed fluctuations, when there are unknown torque disturbances, was developed. This model was successfully applied to the development of a closed loop idle speed controller based on spark timing. The controller was then implemented on a dSPACE Micro Autobox on the actual engine. The Proportional Derivative Integral (PID) controller parameters obtained from the model were found to match fairly well with the experimental values, indicating the usefulness of the developed idle speed model. Finally, the optimized idle speed control algorithm was embedded in and successfully demonstrated with an in-house built, low cost engine management system (EMS) specifically designed for two-wheeler applications.     

双离合器自动变速器换挡过程的内模控制

为提高双离合变速器的换挡过程平顺性,提出内模控制方法,提高离合器转速差的跟踪精度。设计转矩干扰补偿器来减小发动机端与负载端转矩扰动的影响,并基于平滑可微的参考转速差设计超前校正控制器。即使存在模型不确定与干扰,内模控制系统能维持稳定。仿真与台架实验结果表明,在不同参考输入与模型参数情况下,所提出的控制器均能达到较小的跟踪误差和平顺的换挡效果。     

液压机械无级变速器速比自抗扰控制研究

本文中设计了一种单行星排液压机械无级变速器,并为提高其速比跟踪控制性能,提出一种带前馈的自抗扰控制算法,以实现速比的跟踪控制.首先建立系统数学模型,通过传动系统转速关系的理论分析,得到前馈控制量,进一步采用自抗扰控制器对速比进行闭环控制.接着建立系统仿真平台和原型样车,通过仿真和试验对设计的带前馈自抗扰速比控制器进行验...     

汽车防抱死制动系统的自抗扰控制研究

汽车防抱死制动系统(Anti-lock Braking System,ABS)的作用是确保汽车制动时行驶方向的稳定性、可靠性,但是目前仍存在非线性、时变性以及参数不确定性等问题.为保证汽车制动行驶过程中的操纵稳定性和安全性,进一步实现各工况下防抱死制动系统的优化控制,以影响整车稳定的变量滑移率为研究对象,分析所设计策略...     

Torque-based optimal vehicle speed control

This paper describes an optimal vehicle speed controller that uses torque-based control concepts. The controller design was divided into two steps: first, for a given vehicle speed trajectory, the engine torque demand was determined; in the second stage, a torque controller was implemented to track this torque demand. The torque demand was determined by a primary component and a correction component. The primary component was determined by solving an off-line optimization problem, and the correction component was added to compensate for the error caused by the off-line optimization. A modelbased proportional-integral (PI) feedback torque controller was employed to realize the engine torque tracking. Simulation results generated by a benchmark simulator were given to demonstrate performance of the optimal vehicle speed controller and a conventional PI speed controller that was included for comparison.     

基于扰动观测的智能驾驶主动抗扰纵向车速控制算法

为了减少智能驾驶车辆的纵向车速控制的时滞,提高主动抗扰性,提出一种基于扰动观测的纵向车速控制算法,并进行了实车验证。模型中,采用前馈控制模块,并提前输出控制量,来提高车速跟随的响应性;以主动抗扰控制(ADRC)模块作为反馈环节,采用扩张状态观测器(ESO)在线估计内外部扰动,并在控制端进行补偿,实现了对车速的精确闭环控制。在弯道、环岛等路况下进行了实车实验。结果表明:该算法可以在5 s内控制车速从怠速快速跟踪到目标车速,总体平均误差为0.17 km/h。因而,该算法较传统的比例积分微分(PID)有更好的响应性、控制精度和抗扰性。     

自抗扰技术的电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制

为抑制负载、摩擦力矩和转动惯量的变化对永磁同步电机（PMSM）速度伺服系统的影响,将以上参数的变化视为伺服系统的扰动量,推导出速度环自抗扰控制的控制策略,并将其应用在电动汽车驱动上。基于MatLAB的仿真提出的自抗扰控制器均具有更好的动态和静态特性,能很好地实现额定转速以内的恒转矩运行和额定转速以上的恒功率运行。     

Novel coordinated algorithm for Traction Control System on split friction and slope road

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to avoid excessive wheel-slip via adjusting active brake pressure and engine torque when vehicle starts fiercely. The split friction and slope of the road are complicated conditions for TCS. Once operated under these conditions, the traction control performance of the vehicle might be deteriorated and the vehicle might lack drive capability or lose lateral stability, if the regulated active brake pressure and engine torque can’t match up promptly and effectively. In order to solve this problem, a novel coordinated algorithm for TCS is brought forward. Firstly, two brake controllers, including a basic controller based on the friction difference between the two drive wheels for compensating this difference and a fuzzy logic controller for assisting the engine torque controller to adjust wheel-slip, are presented for brake control together. And then two engine torque controllers, containing a basic PID controller for wheel-slip control and a fuzzy logic controller for compensating torque needed by the road slope, are built for engine torque control together. Due to the simultaneous and accurate coordination of the two regulated variables the controlled vehicle can start smoothly. The vehicle test and simulation results on various road conditions have testified that the proposed method is effective and robust.     

基于扭矩的汽油机控制模型开发及验证

开发了基于扭矩的控制模型,包括传感器信号处理模型、扭矩模型、怠速模型、节气门模型、空气系统模型、起动控制模型等。为了验证基于扭矩的控制系统,将基于扭矩的控制系统写入自主开发硬件,在发动机台架上进行了测试。结果表明发动机起动迅速,起动时间在3 s以内。怠速转速稳定,怠速转速波动在±10 r/min以内。进怠速和出怠速时过渡平滑。瞬态工况过渡平滑,发动机最高转速运转稳定。基于扭矩控制模型扭矩控制精度在5%以内。试验结果表明自主开发的系统控制功能基本完备,能较好地满足扭矩控制要求。     

PID plus fuzzy logic method for torque control in traction control system

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to control the driving force of an engine to prevent excessive slip when a vehicle starts suddenly or accelerates. The torque control strategy determines the driving performance of the vehicle under various drive-slip conditions. This paper presents a new torque control method for various drive-slip conditions involving abrupt changes in the road friction. This method is based on a PID plus fuzzy logic controller for driving torque regulation, which consists of a PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller. The PID controller is the fundamental component that calculates the elementary torque for traction control. In addition, the fuzzy logic controller is the compensating component that compensates for the abrupt change in the road friction. The simulation results and the experimental vehicle tests have validated that the proposed controller is effective and robust. Compared with conventional PID controllers, the driving performance under the proposed controller is greatly improved.     

Decoupled self-tuning PI controller for an idling stop system applied to scooters

This paper is aimed to propose a decoupled self-tuning proportional plus integral (PI) controller with simple law for an idling stop system applied to scooters. An integrated starter generator (ISG) of the idling stop system is designed with a high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM used as an ISG must have a high torque characteristic to ensure that the engine can be accelerated up to firing speed. A conventional and useful control algorithm named PI control is unable to handle motor current very well for dynamic load, parametric variation, and external disturbance, especially in a vehicle application. Therefore, a robust algorithm for current control in an ISG is proposed. The decoupled selftuning PI controller based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to guarantee the control performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results show that the engine of a 150 cm3 scooter can be cranked to reach firing speed by a ISG within 0.1?0.2 second. The proposed method is simple, robust, as well as stable for idling stop system, and can be effectively implemented.     

小排量汽油机电控管理系统怠速稳定性研究

开发了发动机电控管理系统,通过研究怠速工况下各个时段的不同特征,分析了怠速稳定性控制要素和怠速排放要求;结合专家控制系统、变参数PID控制、预测控制、怠速自适应控制,研究了汽油机怠速控制的各种先进控制策略。采用不同的先进控制算法对怠速工况的控制进行试验调试,对各个控制参数进行精确整定。根据不同的外在负荷对怠速工况进行优化控制,同时采用调节点火提前角实现扭矩波动平衡控制,实现了发动机的怠速最佳稳定控制。     

Experimental investigation of the valvetrain friction in actual engine operation conditions

Recently, the demands for improved fuel economy have been continually rising because of environmental protection policies, legislative pressures on emissions and increases in the price of oil. Reducing the friction power loss in a production engine may be regarded as one of the most effective technologies for improving fuel economy because the technology is cost effective and applicable to a great number of vehicles. This paper describes attempts to measure the torque needed to drive a camshaft and to examine the sources of the torque fluctuations in order to analyze the friction in valvetrains. The measurements were performed through a cam sprocket-type torquemeter, which was able to measure the torque of the valvetrain under actual engine operating conditions. In the cam torque measured, the fluctuations were mainly dependent on the primary oscillations caused by cam events and the secondary oscillations caused by the valvetrain natural frequency. The range of the fluctuations became greater at high speed because of the inertial mass. The resulting FMEP (friction mean effective pressure) of the valvetrain decreased, and the effective peak tension increased with an increase in the engine speed.     

复合功率分流系统发动机起动H∞鲁棒优化控制

为改善复合功率分流混合动力系统纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程的车辆驾驶平顺性,同时确保在模型不确定和外部干扰条件下切换控制的鲁棒性,本文中提出了一种发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制策略。首先,建立复合功率分流混合动力系统动力学模型,并对纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程进行分析。其次,以车辆驾驶平顺性和发动机起动时间为优化指标,通过动态规划求解发动机最优拖转转速曲线。然后,考虑到输入轴阻尼参数摄动、驾驶员输入、道路负载、输出端转速的不确定性变化和发动机转速量测噪声的干扰,设计了发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制器。最后,通过离线仿真和台架试验对所提出的控制策略进行验证。结果表明,该策略能有效将冲击度降低至11.52 m/s^3以内,同时对模型不确定性和外部干扰有较强的抑制能力。     

机外净化技术对 GDI 发动机颗粒排放的影响

通过缸内直喷汽油机颗粒测量试验,研究了怠速工况、最大扭矩工况及常用工况下三效催化器（TWC）和汽油机用颗粒捕集器（GPF）对发动机尾气中颗粒数量浓度及质量浓度的处理效率。结果表明：在低转速小负荷工况,三效催化器与颗粒捕集器对颗粒具有较高的处理效率;随着转速与负荷的增加,两者的处理效率均下降,三效催化器对颗粒处理能力明显降低,而颗粒捕集器整体保持较高的捕集效率;当二者联合工作时,在常用行驶工况下对颗粒的捕集效率达到80％以上。在高转速大负荷工况,由于尾气空速增加,颗粒捕集器捕集效率下降导致整个后处理系统对颗粒的处理效率降低。     

天然气发动机低速小负荷机油消耗量控制技术的研究

分析表明,导致天然气发动机低速小负荷机油消耗量过高的主要原因是:随着发动机转速和负荷减小,节气门开度减小,造成进气冲程时气缸内压力为负压,使机油被吸入到气缸内而造成机油消耗量过高。提出了活塞环结构改进方案和怠速机油消耗量测量方法。试验结果表明,通过改进活塞环结构,发动机的怠速机油消耗量降低了33.1%,且顺利通过了500h可靠性试验。     

高压共轨柴油机怠速油量控制试验研究

本研究针对4JB1高压共轨柴油机,研究了稳定怠速、从起动过渡到怠速以及从高速运行过渡到怠速3种工况的特点.不同过渡工况采用了相应的怠速油量控制补偿算法及DT1算法,稳定怠速采用PI控制器并实时对参数进行修正.经过试验验证了策略的合理性,怠速转速对环境及工况变化有很好的适应性,保证了怠速过渡工况的转速平顺性,避免了失速及...     

考虑发动机起停优化的PHEV能量管理策略

针对某新型双电机行星耦合插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)中发动机在起停及怠速运行状态下会导致油耗增加的问题,基于等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略,加入发动机起停优化控制模块,以进一步改善整车燃油经济性.建立了整车动力学和传动模型并加入发动机起停优化控制模块,对ECMS能量管理策略输出的发动机及电机最优目标转矩进行重新优化分配...