Actively translating a rear diffuser device for the aerodynamic drag reduction of a passenger car

This research aims to develop an actively translating rear diffuser device to reduce the aerodynamic drag experienced by passenger cars. One of the features of the device is that it is ordinarily hidden under the rear bumper but slips out backward only under high-speed driving conditions. In this study, a movable arc-shaped semi-diffuser device, round in form, is designed to maintain the streamlined automobile??s rear underbody configuration. The device is installed in the rear bumper section of a passenger car. Seven types of rear diffuser devices whose positions and protrusive lengths and widths are different (with the basic shape being identical) were installed, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed under moving ground and rotating wheel conditions. The main purpose of this study is to explain the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanism of a passenger car cruising at high speed via an actively translating rear diffuser device. The base pressure of the passenger car is increased by deploying the rear diffuser device, which then prevents the low-pressure air coming through the underbody from directly soaring up to the rear surface of the trunk. At the same time, the device generates a diffusing process that lowers the velocity but raises the pressure of the underbody flow, bringing about aerodynamic drag reduction. Finally, the automobile??s aerodynamic drag is reduced by an average of more than 4%, which helps to improve the constant speed fuel efficiency by approximately 2% at a range of driving speeds exceeding 70 km/h.     

Structural design of an outer tie rod for a passenger car

This study proposes a structural design method for an outer tie rod installed in a passenger car. The weight of the outer tie rod is optimized by using the aluminum alloy Al6082M, which is developed as a steel-substitute material, and applying structural optimization techniques. The high strength aluminum with improved mechanical properties was developed to reduce the weight of the outer tie rod. The newly developed aluminum alloy Al6082M is applied as the material of the outer tie rod. The static strength due to inertia force, durability and buckling performances are considered in the structural design of the outer tie rod. At the proto design stage of a new outer tie rod, it is cost-effective to utilize FE (finite element) analysis to predict each of these performances. In addition, the current trend in the structural design of automobile parts is to use optimization techniques to reduce the weights of the parts. First, for an arbitrary base design, the static strength, the life cycle and the buckling load are calculated to check whether the design satisfies its criteria. Then, the critical performance is selected so as to include its loading condition only in the optimization process. In this study, the metamodel based optimization process using kriging is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the critical design requirement. Then, the feasibility of the determined optimum shape is investigated against the other performances. Finally, the optimum design of outer tie rod is modified by considering forging efficiency. The performances of the final design are investigated through simulation and experiment.     

车用电池箱液冷系统仿真设计

电池包的热管理系统是电动汽车和混合动力安全有效行驶过程中必不可少的辅助系统。本文分析电池工作环境,总结了其设计要求,以某新能源科技有限公司生产的高性能镍氢动力电容电池-NMCH300S为例,运用三维建模软件设计出了电池包的机械结构,并利用有限元ANSYS软件计算出危险点位置,用第四强度理论校核了最危险点强度满足设计要求,使仿真设计起到减少试加工成本的作用。     

CFD在轿车空调风道优化设计中的应用

利用三维不可压缩流体的k—着湍流模型,借助计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,建立了结构复杂的某典型轿车风道模型。以该轿车空调系统冷风吹面风道为例,利用FLUENT软件,对该风道的主体部分内气流流动进行了模拟与分析,并提出了改进方向。     

客车出口难掩尴尬局面

2010年,我国客车出口将呈现缓慢回升态势,但与2008年之前的巨大增幅相比,这种缓慢的回升将微不足道,对此,专家们从多个方面找到了客车出口任重道远的原因。     

Development of a new sound metric for impact sound in a passenger car using the wavelet transform

Vehicles can experience impacts due to harsh road conditions. Contact with an uneven road surface causes vehicles to vibrate, which generates a loud impact sound. The attenuation of such noise is important because car passengers may complain about the impact noise. However, perfect removal of impact noise is not possible because most of it is caused by external conditions. More research is needed on the objective attributes of impact noise; however, the problem of impact noise is not a simple matter because impact noise is transient in nature and reaches a high level instantaneously. In this paper, a new objective attribute of impact noise is designed using the wavelet transform, which is appropriate for analyzing nonstationary signals, such as an impact signal. The usefulness of the new objective attribute, which is a sound metric, is examined by comparing the mean subjective ratings for real impact noise in passenger cars. The new sound metric has better correlation with the mean subjective rating than currently existing sound metrics.     

Experimental investigation using CFD for thermal performance of ventilated disc brake rotor

In the present work, different ventilated disc brake rotor configurations were analysed to enhance the heat transfer rate and obtain the uniform temperature distribution in the rotor. CFD code used in this work was validated at using experimental results obtained by conducting experiments on a test rig. The experimental analysis was performed to calculate the mass flow rate and heat dissipation through the rotor. Further, different types of rotor configurations viz. straight radial vane (SRV), tapered radial vane (TRV), alternate long and short vane (ALSV), variable diameter circular pillars (VDCP) were considered for the analysis. A rotor segment of 20° was considered for the numerical analysis due to its rotational symmetry. CFD results were in good agreement with the experiments. The maximum deviation of the numerical results were about 12 % from the experimental results. It is found from the analysis that among the different types of rotor configurations; variable diameter circular pillars (VDCP) rotor gives better rate of heat dissipation with more uniform temperature distribution in the flow passages. Hence for modern high speed vehicles VDCP rotor may be more appropriate.     

城市客运场站交通影响分析及设计

阐述了城市客运场站交通影响分析的意义及作用,着重分析客运场站的交通发生特点,给出了对现状已有客运场站和待规划客运场站进行交通影响分析的步骤和研究重点,利用交通流车辆穿插理论进行了客运场站的出入口以及相邻路段动态交通影响分析计算方法研究,并在此基础上提出交通组织设计的方法。最后,结合江苏省昆山市城市客运场站交通影响及交通组织设计进行了实例分析。     

中国二手乘用车市场运行特征分析及未来发展趋势展望

近年来在新车市场消费动力偏弱的同时,二手乘用车市场正在蓬勃发展。过去三年,二手乘用车年均复合增长率高于13%。如此高增长的放量市场,已逐渐成为汽车厂商的必争之地。二手车交易增长的主要动因,是政策环境的日益改善、电商平台的快速发展、消费者对二手车的心态逐渐开放。二手车市场的蓬勃发展,进一步印证了存量市场的兴起。本文聚焦我国二手乘用车市场现阶段运行主要特征,展望行业未来发展方向,为相关企业、机构提供参考。     

加强运输行业管理提高节油技术

从汽车节油入手,分析了当地汽车燃料消耗现状,指出存在的问题,并总结经验,提出应对措施。     

客运专线铁路路基工程防排水设计原则探讨

结合遂渝线无碴轨道综合试验段路基防排水工程设计与施工,探讨了客运专线铁路路基工程防排水设计原则.     

Robust design of a passive linear quarter car suspension system using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and analytical robustness indexes

This paper deals with the robust design of a passive vehicle suspension system. A robust design methodology based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to handle the trade-off between the considered conflicting performance requirements under uncertainty and feasibility constraints. A constrained multi-objective optimisation problem is formulated and the notion of Pareto-optimality is used to increase the quality of the candidate design solutions obtained at each generation by the MOEA. To save computation time, a simplified physical model (quarter car) is considered and the optimisation is performed in the frequency domain, using relevant transmissibilities of the system. The robustness is directly investigated by means of analytical robustness indexes. Time-consuming a posteriori methods, like designs of experiments or Monte Carlo analysis, are therefore avoided. A set of non-dominated solutions is obtained. Thus the designer not only selects a special design, in accordance with the wanted vehicle configuration, but also includes the robustness of each performance requirement in his final decision.     

Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

Development of a low-noise cooling fan for an alternator using numerical and doe methods

An alternator, which converts mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy, is an important component of a vehicle. Alternators operate over a broad range of rotational speeds, typically from 3,000 RPM to 18,000 RPM, which demands a cooling fan producing sufficient airflow, ideally with a minimum of noise. In the current study, an optimized alternator-cooling fan was developed through a linked DOE(Design OF Experiment) process and numerical analysis. The SC/Tetra and FlowNoise S/W programs were used to calculate flow rates and noise levels, respectively, for the newly developed fan. Compared with original model, the numerical results predicted a 3 dBA noise reduction; the measured reduction was 4 dBA.     

Non-natural equilibrium contour design for radial tire and its influence on tire performance

Two types of radial tire 11.00R20 and 385/65R22.5 are chosen as the research objects, and their carcass contours are redesigned by using Sakai Hideo’s, Frank’s and the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theories, which were based on analyzing the current non-equilibrium contour design theories of radial tire. Then the tire wear, rolling resistance and grip performance of the two radial tires designed by different non-natural equilibrium contour design theories are comprehensively analyzed with the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that Frank’s contour design theory can reduce tire wear; the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theory can enhance tire wear, rolling resistance performance, etc. It is also found that the tire carcass contour has great influence on tire performance, especially on the tire rolling resistance. The new non-natural equilibrium contour theory provides a guidance to reduce the tire rolling resistance, and it can break through the target conflicts in tire performance. The tire with the new non-natural equilibrium carcass contour can enhance its comprehensive performance.     

ABS的布置形式及其对使用性能的影响

依据通道数目的多少对ABS的布置形式加以分类,在此基础之上分析了不同布置形式的ABS对汽车使用性能 的影响。     

Network performance analysis and manuever model for overtaking assistant service using wave

We present network requirements for an overtaking assistant service using wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE). Currently, DNPW has been proposed as a representative overtaking assistant service with vehicle-tovehicle (V2V) communication. In order to analyze its network performance, we construct a maneuver model for an overtaking system. According to this model, we configured a scenario for network simulation based on the 802.11p WAVE standard. The results confirm that a radio range for overtaking needs only a single hop without routing methods. Moreover, we propose an additional safe distance for the communication delay generated by an increase in the numbers of neighboring vehicles. And for high priority activity of safety services, we present a proper access category (AC) of enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). These analysis results should be tested considered in real safety service systems that use V2V communication.     

赢在执行——客车企业基层主管如何提高执行力

分析基层执行力对企业发展的重要性,并从个人素质和工作方法两个层面来总结提高基层主管执行力的途径。     

节能减排促进柴油轻卡向高端发展的必然趋势（上）

1 节能减排的高端轻卡必然选择柴油发动机近几年,市场对于汽车的空前需求与能耗成本的不断暴涨,使汽车消费已经走入一个讲求“理性与务实”的时代,节能环保成为汽车消费的新焦点。一般来说,市场上同一档次和排量的汽车,柴油车比汽油车省油30％～40％,而且,柴油机的CO2的排放量也比汽油机大约低30％～35％。所以,目前欧美等许多国家在商用车上都选择了柴油发动机。     

The risk of whiplash-induced medical impairment in rear-end impacts for males and females in driver seat compared to front passenger seat

The objective of this study was to study whiplash injury outcome in front-seat occupants in rear-end impacts using double paired comparison technique. The combination of gender, seated position, and outcome was analyzed. Folksam, a Swedish insurance company, has a database of whiplash injuries. A questionnaire was used to collect study data. The response rate was 81%. The inclusion criteria included medical impairment one year after the impact, as judged by medical specialists. The study included rear-end impacts between 1990 and 1999 that resulted in at least one permanent neck injury impairment; in total, 430 impacts with 860 occupants and 444 impairments. Of those suffering impairment, 302 were female and 142 male; 235 were seated in the driver's seat and 209 in the front passenger seat. Relative risk estimates for impairing whiplash injury, by gender and seated position:

1.

Driver male (DM)/passenger female (PF) relative risk = 0.5 n = 218