Enhancement of aerodynamic performance through high pressure relief in the engine room for passenger car using cfd technique

High pressure acting on the vehicle’s body plays an important role in deciding the aerodynamic drag. An idea has been suggested to enhance the aerodynamic performance for small passenger car by relieving the high pressure in the engine room. The high pressure inside the engine room can be released to the outside of the vehicle through a hole perforated on the wheel house liner. About 1 % of the drag coefficient can be improved with the 1.88 % of the radiator air mass flow rate increment by installing the top hole with slots on the wheel house liner. Flow simulations are performed at the driving velocity of 110 km/h with the moving wall condition of the same velocity. The tire is rotating to catch more precise flow physics around a tire and wheelhouse liner.     

关于桑塔纳轿车后视镜产生的车外气流辐射声的研究

本文根据Ｌｉｇｈｔｈｉｌｌ的声模拟理论推导了轿车高速行驶时产生的外部气流辐射声的计算方法。通过风洞试验研究了桑塔纳轿车后视镜产生的脉动压力场的分布情况，测出在相当于９０ｋｍ／ｈ的车速下，作用在车身表面的脉动压力级最大处达１３２．５ｄＢ。最后，用本文导出的计算方法求出了当车年为１４６ｍｇ／ｈ时，单由后视镜产生的距轿车中心７．５ｍ处的外部气流辐射声即已超过６０ｄＢ。     

轿车后视镜尾部气流脉动压力场分布及向车室内传递气流噪声的理论估算

本文通过风洞试验研究了桑塔纳轿车后视镜产生的脉动压力场的分布情况。发现其脉动压力的能量主要集中在轿车通风窗与前侧窗的外表面位置,且其能量很大,相当于90km/h的车速下,最大处脉动压力级达132.5dB,成为一个大声源,透过玻璃向车内传递气流噪声。最后,根据理论推导证明了传递到车室内的气流噪声功率与脉动压力的平方成正比,并近似估算出在90km/h速度下由桑塔纳后视镜产生的传递到车内的气流噪声功率约为2.51×10~3W。     

Actively translating a rear diffuser device for the aerodynamic drag reduction of a passenger car

This research aims to develop an actively translating rear diffuser device to reduce the aerodynamic drag experienced by passenger cars. One of the features of the device is that it is ordinarily hidden under the rear bumper but slips out backward only under high-speed driving conditions. In this study, a movable arc-shaped semi-diffuser device, round in form, is designed to maintain the streamlined automobile??s rear underbody configuration. The device is installed in the rear bumper section of a passenger car. Seven types of rear diffuser devices whose positions and protrusive lengths and widths are different (with the basic shape being identical) were installed, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed under moving ground and rotating wheel conditions. The main purpose of this study is to explain the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanism of a passenger car cruising at high speed via an actively translating rear diffuser device. The base pressure of the passenger car is increased by deploying the rear diffuser device, which then prevents the low-pressure air coming through the underbody from directly soaring up to the rear surface of the trunk. At the same time, the device generates a diffusing process that lowers the velocity but raises the pressure of the underbody flow, bringing about aerodynamic drag reduction. Finally, the automobile??s aerodynamic drag is reduced by an average of more than 4%, which helps to improve the constant speed fuel efficiency by approximately 2% at a range of driving speeds exceeding 70 km/h.     

基于A柱-后视镜车内气动噪声数值模拟与预测

针对后视镜引起的前侧窗与车内气动噪声问题,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对某商用车进行车外后视镜区域数值模拟和车内噪声预测的研究。稳态分析采用RANS模型中SST(Menter)k-ω模型,瞬态分析采用基于SST(Menter)k-ω的分离涡模拟(DES);通过分析后视镜侧窗区域的稳态静压力与瞬态动压力、速度和涡量云图,揭示了因A柱后视镜而产生车窗表面的湍流压力脉动的机理;同时求解瞬态流场获得两侧车窗表面湍流压力脉动载荷。采用声学FEM方法将车窗表面湍流压力脉动作为边界条件来计算气动噪声的传播,基于车内声学空间不同频率的声压级云图分布规律,说明了车内气动噪声主要集中在中低频段和声压级最大的分布区域;驾驶员左耳旁声压级曲线展示了20-2500 Hz频段内声压级变化规律。最后进行实车道路滑行测试,证实了气动噪声在车速80-110 km/h时较为明显的结论;采用CFD结合声学有限元的方法可较为准确地预测车内100-2500 Hz气动噪声的声压级,为优化后视镜、降低驾驶室内气动噪声提供仿真和试验的技术方案。     

High downforce race car vertical dynamics: aerodynamic index

Race car performance is strongly affected by aerodynamics. Due to downforce generated by the vehicle floor (i.e. diffuser), vehicle ride heights are key parameters to improve performance, and the coupling of aerodynamics and suspension is one of the key points of race car setting. This work focuses on the suspension and aerodynamic coupling from the vertical dynamics point of view. Besides road holding performance, for race cars, aerodynamic performance and stability are major factors. Downforce decreases laptime (the main performance target) but pitch instability is a non-desired effect that can happen in high downforce race cars. A new vertical dynamic performance index is proposed through the use of simulation to improve aerodynamic performance and understand the pitch instability phenomenon. This new index uses all relevant vehicle nonlinearities related to vertical dynamics and can handle a specific track profile and vehicle speed range, allowing the analysis be conducted according to a circuit specification. A previously validated Formula 3 car model was used as an example.     

新概念汽车模型风洞试验研究

用模型风洞对新概念车在不同横摆角下纵对称面上压力系数、整车气动力和气动力矩的变化以及纵对称面尾部流态分布进行了试验研究。通过和同等试验条件下典型汽车的气动性能对比,由于新概念车良好的外部流线,其气动性能明显优于典型汽车。     

Effects of ground vehicle inclination on underhood compartment cooling

This work reports on experiments carried out on a real passenger vehicle in a large wind tunnel to investigate the effects of car inclination on underhood cooling. The vehicle??s underhood is instrumented by thermocouples that measure the temperatures of many underhood components during different car functioning modes. Measurements are carried out for three thermal functioning points at car speeds 90, 110 and 130 km/h. In these experiments the engine was in operation and the front wheels positioned on the test facility with power-absorption-controlled rollers. Three car inclinations are investigated: flat, uphill and downhill. The results show that car inclination, even if very small, can have significant effects on underhood cooling and must be taken into consideration in numerical simulations and controlled in experimental tests. It was shown that down-hill and up-hill inclinations increase temperatures of components, air zones and engine parameters in the underhood, with higher effect for the down-hill inclination. Temperature increases in constant-speed driving phase are higher than in thermal soak phase.     

新云雀轿车冷却系统的改进

新云雀轿车在原车基础上，对前，后保险杠及前格栅进行了较大改进，使整车进风及散热条件发生了变化。结合新车型整车布置的要求，通过分析计算和设定条件下的道路试验验证，重新 新云雀轿车冷却系统的结构和性能要求。试验结果一一的冷却系可以满足整车使用要求。     

基于车内瞬变压力变化的400 km/h高速铁路隧道净空面积探讨

为推进中国高速铁路隧道技术标准深化研究,开展400 km/h隧道结构设计参数的研究工作,而隧道净空面积为其中的一项重要内容。为尝试从列车内部瞬变压力角度得到400 km/h高速铁路隧道净空面积,建立基于舒适度标准的高速铁路隧道净空面积确定方法,以控制工况为基础,通过计算和分析,从列车密封性能方面讨论维持现有隧道净空断面的可能性,并研究提出400 km/h隧道净空断面建议值。主要结论有:1)现有350 km/h单线隧道以400 km/h运营时,列车动态密封指数最低为22 s,车内瞬变压力超标的可能性较大; 2)400 km/h单、双线隧道净空面积建议值分别为85 m~2和100 m~2,对应的列车动态密封指数最低为18 s,更加符合现有标准对列车密封性能的要求,车内瞬变压力超标的可能性大幅降低; 3)提出的400 km/h高速铁路隧道净空面积建议值和对应的密封性能要求可为有关标准、规范的制订提供参考。     

浅谈新双积分法规下乘用车降油耗方案研究

乘用车燃油经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,通常以在一定循环行驶试验工况下,行驶100km所消耗燃油升数(单位为L/100km)作为评价指标。影响乘用车燃油经济性的因素很多,文章以公司某在研SUV为例,通过仿真及转鼓油耗测试手段,在保证车辆驾驶体验体验前提下,研究如何降低整车燃油经济性。     

道路分隔栏的安全性能评价研究

通过对道路分隔栏的实际应用情况与车辆碰撞事故特征分析,在借鉴国内外相关规范的基础上,从碰撞车型、碰撞质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、碰撞点位置等因素出发,结合分隔栏事故特征和车辆乘员安全指标,研究确定了道路分隔栏的碰撞试验参数与安全性能评价标准,并利用该试验参数和评价标准,通过有限元仿真技术手段对目前常见的道路分隔栏结构进行了安全性能评价。研究表明：在车辆碰撞分隔栏的事故中,事故车辆主要为小型客车,且分隔栏杆侵入乘员舱造成人员伤害的案例较多,而其他类型伤害较少,因此分隔栏在实际使用中应主要考察车辆碰撞时分隔栏及其构件因为刺入乘员舱对乘员伤害的可能;在1.5 t小客车以60 km/h速度正碰条件下,某常用道路分隔栏的横向杆件侵入了车辆乘员舱,其安全性能不满足评价标准要求。研究成果为道路分隔栏安全性能评价标准的制定提供了一定借鉴作用。     

Development of the ultra-low-fuel-consumption hybrid car – INSIGHT

This paper describes the key technologies that achieve high fuel efficiency in a variety of driving conditions. For the global environment preservation, a vehicle has been developed with the objective of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust CO₂ to half that of Honda's typical low-fuel-consumption car Civic. These new technologies have been developed around a new hybrid power train layout. They include improvement in engine thermal efficiency, vehicle weight reduction and reduction of aerodynamic drag, resulting in extremely high fuel economy of 35 km/l at 10–15 mode. Also, the exhaust emissions are as low as half of the 2000 Japanese exhaust emission regulation. Consideration was also given to recycling compatibility, crash safety performance, comfortable running and styling to create a highly sophisticated ultra-low-fuel-consumption hybrid car.     

一种进一步降低轿车空气阻力的方法

本文首先简要地分析了声激励减阻机理，然后，针对类似桑塔纳车身的模型采用了声激励的方法进行了减低空气阻力的研究，得出了声激励参数，方式和减阻效果的关系，并且对此进行了一定的分析，表明利用声激励方法可以进一步降低此类车身的空气阻力。     

两辆SUV乘用车侧碰耐撞性最差工况的判定

为了判定运动型多功能乘用车(SUV)受到同款车型以确定速度侧面碰撞时驾驶位附近车体耐撞性最差的工况,参考2018版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)中的相关要求,联合HyperWorks和LS-DYNA软件建立了两辆某款福特SUV侧面碰撞的有限元模型,仿真计算了撞击车在50 km/h的速度下以4种角度碰撞静止车辆侧面6个位置时被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件的侵入量数据及其分布情况。结果表明:若两辆此款SUV发生侧碰且碰撞速度一定,则被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件在碰撞角接近120°且碰撞位置处于法规侧碰处向前0~200 mm范围内的工况下所产生的侵入量最大,即被撞SUV驾驶位附近车体的耐撞性在这样的工况下显得最差。     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train

In order to determine the effect of the coupling region on train aerodynamic performance, and how the coupling region affects aerodynamic performance of the couple multiple units trains when they both run and pass each other in open air, the entrance of two such trains into a tunnel and their passing each other in the tunnel was simulated in Fluent 14.0. The numerical algorithm employed in this study was verified by the data of scaled and full-scale train tests, and the difference lies within an acceptable range. The results demonstrate that the distribution of aerodynamic forces on the train cars is altered by the coupling region; however, the coupling region has marginal effect on the drag and lateral force on the whole train under crosswind, and the lateral force on the train cars is more sensitive to couple multiple units compared to the other two force coefficients. It is also determined that the component of the coupling region increases the fluctuation of aerodynamic coefficients for each train car under crosswind. Affected by the coupling region, a positive pressure pulse was introduced in the alternating pressure produced by trains passing by each other in the open air, and the amplitude of the alternating pressure was decreased by the coupling region. The amplitude of the alternating pressure on the train or on the tunnel was significantly decreased by the coupling region of the train. This phenomenon did not alter the distribution law of pressure on the train and tunnel; moreover, the effect of the coupling region on trains passing by each other in the tunnel is stronger than that on a single train passing through the tunnel.     

基于OLC拐点的车体结构较优设计

基于OLC理论,研究了正面碰撞中车体结构设计与乘员损伤的关联性.基于56 km/h正面刚性壁障(Frontal Rigid Barrier,FRB)碰撞工况,通过二阶波简化得到一阶加速度a1、二阶加速度a2、动态位移D三个车体结构设计指标.分析了不同车体结构设计指标与OLC的关系,发现在D不变的情况下,当a1≤215....     

Comparative investigation on the aerodynamic effects of combined use of underbody drag reduction devices applied to real sedan

To reduce the aerodynamic drag, the performance of the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices was evaluated based on the actual shape of a sedan-type vehicle. An undercover, under-fin, and side air dam were used as the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices. In addition, the effects of the interactions based on the combination of the aerodynamic drag reduction devices were investigated. A commercial sedan-type vehicle was selected as a reference model and its shape was modeled in detail. Aerodynamic drag was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics at a general driving speed on highway of 120 km/h. The undercover reduced the slipstream area through the attenuation of the longitudinal vortex pair by enhancing the up-wash of underflow, thereby reducing the aerodynamic drag by 8.4 %. The under-fin and side air dam showed no reduction in aerodynamic drag when they were solely attached to the actual complex shape of the underbody. Simple aggregation of the effects of aerodynamic drag reduction by the individual device did not provide the accurate performance of the combined aerodynamic drag reduction devices. An additional aerodynamic drag reduction of 2.1 % on average was obtained compared to the expected drag reduction, which was due to the synergy effect of the combination.     

加速工况下车内噪声品质烦躁度的评价研究

以9种B级轿车从50→120 km/h加速时的噪声信号为评价对象,采用等级评分方法对车内噪声品质烦躁度进行了主观评价试验.分析计算了各噪声样本的主要心理声学客观参数,并通过相关分析和多元线性回归分析,建立了车内噪声品质烦躁度评价的数学模型.结果表明,在加速工况下影响B级轿车车内噪声品质烦躁度的3个参数分别为响度、粗糙度和A计权声压级.     

主动进气格栅角度对整车前舱进气性能影响的数值分析研究

基于计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）研究了前端主动进气格栅的叶片角度对于前舱冷却气流进气量的影响。主动进气格栅可以有效地降低整车风阻,但其对于前端开口面积的阻挡,会使前舱冷却气流有一定程度的下降。通过数值仿真法在造型固定的情况下,改变主动进气格栅叶片的角度,研究冷却气流进风量的变化和叶片角度的关系。研究发现,通过调整叶片角度,可以在相同的格栅开口下,获得更多的进气量。对比了不同角度下前舱流场的不同,分析了前舱进气流量增加的原因,为主动进气格栅的设计提供了方向。