基于傅汝德-克雷洛夫力非线性法的规则波浪中船舶运动数学模型

为准确预报规则波浪中船舶的运动, 提出基于四叉树划分的自适应网格法, 以生成船舶瞬时湿表面, 在船舶瞬时湿表面上计算傅汝德-克雷洛夫(F-K)力与静恢复力; 对于与波面相交的面元, 由于F-K力在波面处剧烈波动, 采用四叉树划分法进一步细分面元; 基于线性理论, 采用瞬时自由面格林函数在船舶平均湿表面上计算扰动力; 为避免瞬时自由面格林函数在自由液面处剧烈波动产生严重数值误差, 舍去扰动势所满足边界积分方程中的水线项, 并对迎浪前进速度为傅汝德数0.2的WigleyⅠ型船舶进行数值计算。计算结果表明: 对低于瞬时波面以下的船体部分, F-K力非线性法所需面元数更少, 为细网格法的1/4~1/8;除不规则频率外, 舍去与未舍去水线项所得水动力系数与试验值的相对误差分别小于33.4%、54.8%, 因此, 舍去水线项所得水动力系数更接近试验结果; 当入射波波幅为0.018 m, 波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低3.2%、17.0%, 波长与船长比为2.00时, 采用F-K力非线性法与线性法所得纵摇幅值响应因子的计算结果分别比试验值低6.7%、13.5%, 可见, 采用F-K力非线性法能够准确地仿真规则波浪中船舶的运动。      

SSB双体船波浪频域运动分析研究

采用重叠网格技术,使用粘性计算流体力学方法,对装有半潜首（SSB,Semi-Submersible Bow）的小水线面双体船在规则波中迎浪航行的纵摇运动和垂荡运动响应进行预报,并与船模拖曳水池试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明：重叠网格对船体波浪中较大幅度的运动具有良好的适应性,使用的SST k-ω湍流模型、一阶波浪等模型所得的计算值与试验值相比误差控制在较小范围内,该方法可用于SSB双体船的优化设计。     

基于切片法的高速船摇荡运动预报研究

利用基于切片法的Seakeeper软件,计算了NPL系列船模纵摇运动和垂荡运动幅值响应函数．通过理论结果与试验结果进行比较,验证了使用切片法计算高速船耐波性的可行性．     

基于辨识理论的船舶时域运动快速计算

根据时域运动方程快速计算的需求, 采用4种基于辨识理论并适用于时延函数快速计算的方法, 建立替代卷积分项的状态空间模型, 同时满足时延函数性质与拟合质量; 以海洋石油286船为研究对象, 分别采用频域和时域辨识方法进行时延函数拟合结果的对比。计算结果表明: 当置信度为0.99时, 频域回归法和频域迭代法拟合结果与期望值整体趋势一致, 在频率为0.92~1.05rad·s-1时达到峰值, 然后逐渐衰减, 最后趋于0;在频率为0.05~0.50rad·s-1时, 频域回归法的拟合结果与期望值偏差约为20%, 准确度明显低于频域迭代法; 当置信度为0.99时, 脉冲响应曲线拟合法和实现理论法拟合结果与时延函数期望值趋势一致, 都是由初始峰值逐渐衰减到约3.5s达到最小值, 然后逐渐增大, 在约15s趋于0;在7~11s时, 脉冲响应曲线拟合法拟合精度低于实现理论法; 在考虑垂荡对纵摇方向影响时, 实现理论法在横荡、垂荡、纵摇方向拟合的状态空间模型阶数分别为4、3、3阶, 是4种方法中最小的; 在不考虑垂荡对纵摇方向影响时, 频域迭代法在横荡、垂荡、纵摇方向拟合的状态空间模型阶数分为3、2、2, 是4种方法中最小的; 采用脉冲响应曲线拟合法在考虑垂荡对纵摇方向影响去拟合状态空间模型时, 拟合纵摇所需的状态空间模型阶数是不考虑时的2倍, 而实现理论法阶数相同。      

工程船舶作业力矩作用下的横摇运动

应用时域分析法求得了工程船舶在作业力矩作用下的横摇脉冲响应函数，应用１２艘工程船模型横摇水动力系数试验值，计算了横摇响应的运动历程，为此类船舶的横遥角计算和设计提供了依据。     

江海通航散货船波浪载荷研究

采用ISSC二参数波浪谱和E1海区的波浪散布图对江海通航散货船的波浪载荷进行了长期预报,并与CCS海船规范和IACS散货船共同规范(CSR)中的设计波浪载荷进行了比较分析,拟合出了应用于江海通航船舶有限元分析的等效设计波高公式.研究表明:江海通航散货船的波浪载荷中垂向弯矩较无限航区海船规范值可降低20%～25%,波浪垂向剪力比《内河航行海船建造海规》规范值增大4%～8%,非常接近CSR规范值,水平波浪转矩比CSR规范值小18%～30%,波浪转矩比CSR规范值则要降低27%～33%.     

复杂流态下系泊船的水动力特性研究

为研究复杂流态下系泊船的水动力特性, 在最佳系缆方式未知的情况下, 通过约束船舶横荡、 纵荡、 艏摇三个方向的运动近似替代缆绳的约束作用, 建立系泊船简化模型。 在完成网格无关性和数值方法可靠性验证的基础上, 对常规流态以及复杂流态下系泊船的粘性流场进行数值模拟, 分析系泊船水动力系数和运动响应的变化规律。 结果表明： 随着水流流速的增大, 纵向力系数变化受到水流流向角的影响明显, 横向力系数及艏摇力矩系数变化较小, 垂荡、 纵摇、 横摇增大; 随着水流流向角的增大, 纵向力系数变化较为复杂, 横向力系数增大, 艏摇力矩系数先增大后减小, 垂荡、 纵摇、 横摇增大; 复杂流态下和一定流向角水流下系泊船的水动力系数和运动响应较为相似。     

排水型高速船的耐波性试验与理论研究

对一艘30m级、Fr=0.871的高速巡逻艇在迎浪规则波中的纵向运动进行了耐波性试验，测量了该艇在不同航速下的升沉、纵摇、垂向加速度幅值响应曲线。同时，应用切片理论（STF法）对该艇在规则波中的纵向运动响应进行了理论计算、试验与理论计算结果比较进一步证实，对方尾排水型高速船，切片理论的计算结果具有相当的准确性，可用于高速单体船的方案设计中，应用文中运动频率响应曲线的试验和数值计算结果，进一步预报了该艇型在实际海区的耐波性能。     

关于船舶参激横摇船模试验的数据分析

对参激横摇船模试验的数据进行了分析，结果表明：船舶在不同吃水时，或具有不同船型的船舶都有可能出现参数共振现象；参数共振横摇的摇幅可能比主共振横摇摇幅更大，但其频率范围较窄；参激横摇幅频响应曲线具有某些非线性特征，如曲线的倾斜和跳跃现象，这与理论分析是一致的．试验结果还表明该项试验可重复进行，在试验中采用柱形船模有一定的合理性．     

半潜式平台水动力参数敏感性分析

文章通过水动力分析软件SESAM主要计算了半潜式平台在不同的参数下的纵摇、横摇、垂荡等重要的水动力性能数据,同时通过与原来数据的比较得到了优化的结论,为新式浮式平台的设计提供一定的参考。     

Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

Geometry modeling of ship hull based on non-uniform B-spline

In order to generate the three-dimensional (3-D) hull surface accurately and smoothly, a mixed method which is made up of non-uniform B-spline together with an iterative procedure was developed. By using the iterative method the data points on each section curve are calculated and the generalized waterlines and transverse section curves are determined. Then using the non-uniform B-spline expression, the control vertex net of the hull is calculated based on the generalized waterlines and section curves. A ship with tunnel stern was taken as test case. The numerical results prove that the proposed approach for geometry modeling of 3-D ship hull surface is accurate and effective.     

Sea keeping analysis of air cushion vehicle with different wave angles under the operation resistance

The air cushion vehicle (ACV) sea keeping characteristic under different wave directions with the operation resistance is discussed with the couples of the heave, pitch roll motion and the pressure of the cushion.In previous researches, only wave and cross wave direction were discussed. Then a Matlab program is made to calculate the united frequency responses of heave, pitch and roll amplitude of the craft, under different wave frequencies and different wave directions. The results of the research depict some dangerous situations under which the sympathetic vibration happens in heave, pitch and roll motion and the amplitudes are extremely higher than those under the ordinary conditions. These results will be helpful in ACV design and operation.     

局部气垫双体船阻力性能及片体间距优化研究

基于流体计算软件STAR-CCM＋,使用VOF法模拟自由液面,联立求解N-S方程及运动方程,并结合湍流模型RNGk-ε及DFBI六自由度模型,对局部气垫双体船型阻力性能进行数值模拟计算,计算结果与船模水池试验结果吻合,精度可信,验证了此该数值方案的可行性.在此基础上,针对局部气垫双体船的片体间距对阻力性能的影响进行数值仿真计算,并对结果进行对比分析,得到了不同片体间距下的阻力变化趋势.针对该局部气垫双体船,综合考虑越峰性能及高速段、低速段阻力性能对片体间距进行选取,认为0.34m的片体间距较为合理.文中使用的CFD方法能够有效模拟局部气垫双体船的阻力性能,可用于船型优化设计.     

用面元法预报船舶的兴波阻力及波型

采用基于开尔文源的面元法求解航行于均匀流场中的船舶兴波问题．在船体湿表面上布置开尔文源，使其严格满足船体表面条件．数值计算中，首先采用分部积分对被积函数进行简化处理，然后采用高斯积分实现面元和线元上的积分，避免了被积函数为高频振荡函数所带来的数值计算的复杂性和不确定性．计算结果表明，其波型及兴波阻力系数与试验结果和其他数值方法相比均吻合较好．     

Numerical study on bank effects for a ship sailing in shallow channel

A numerical study on bank effects in shallow channels is carried out by using a first-order Rankine source panel method. A container ship sailing along a vertical bank and a sloping bank at different forward speeds, different water depths and different distances between the bank and the ship hull is taken as example. The sway force and yaw moment acting on the hull are calculated and the influences of the speed, water depth and distance between the bank and ship hull on the hydrodynamic force and moment are analyzed. This study can provide insight into the bank effects, as well as to give guidance on ship manoeuvring and control in restricted waterways, which is helpful to the navigation safety.     

Dynamic response of warship structure under air non-contact explosion

The ship hull is simplified as a free beam with varying sections. Based on hydroelasticity and explosion mechanics theory,mechanical model and kinetic equation for hull girder vibration under non-contact explosion are established. The equation is solved by Wilson-θ algorithm. On the basis of the above principles,a structure kinetics analysis program is compiled. The dynamic response of supposed warship under air explosion is calculated conveniently and quickly. Under the explosion condition designed in the paper,the positive pressure period of non-contact explosion wave is much less than the natural periods of the first four modes of hull girder and the resonance of ship girder overall vibration can be avoided. The ratio of midship maximum moment to ultimate bearing strength under non-contact explosion accelerates with the increment of impact factor.     

浅海低频点声源作用下海底地震波的数值模拟

建立了点声源作用下海底地震波的时域数值计算模型.利用该模型,对二维半无限空间简单海洋模型的低频点声源海底地震波问题进行了数值模拟,得到了海底表面处的加速度和声压值.结果表明,浅海低频点声源的大部分能量耦合到海底基岩中以地震波的形式向远处传播.声源频率、海底吸声系数和海底基岩阻尼系数对舰船海底地震波信号均有影响.     

水面高速无人艇运动极短期预报技术

采用基于时间序列的乘积季节ARIMA(求和自回归移动平均)模型以及无人艇模型规则波试验数据,研究了水面无人艇运动极短期预报技术。采用经趋势差分和季节差分后的ARMA(自回归移动平均)模型,运用最小信息准则和白噪声检验方法,验证所选择的最佳模型,并对无人艇进行了20步极短期运动预报。计算结果表明:无人艇船模加速度、升沉、纵摇的前10步短期预报最大误差均不超过6%,随着预测步数的增加,误差有扩大的趋势,加速度的后10步短期预报最大误差达到16.68%。可见,极短期预报技术有效。