Level crossing safety on East Japan Railway Company: Application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques

This paper describes the application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques to level crossing safety on JR East, the largest of the six private railroads in Japan. The risk of a level crossing accident was defined as the product of the accident rate and the expected consequences per accident. Rail traffic volume, road traffic volume, visibility of the crossing from the road, road gradient, width of the crossing and the type of safety devices at the crossing were shown to influence the accident rate and the collective risk. The mean accident rate at all crossings was 0.74 per million trains. The accident rate was 0.59 per million trains at crossings equipped with barriers, 1.25 at crossings equipped with warning bells and 0.76 at pedestrian crossings. Crossings equipped with obstacle detectors had a lower accident rate (0.12 per million trains) than crossings without detectors (0.43 per million trains). Crossings with visibility less than 20 m had a 50% higher mean accident rate than crossings with visibility greater than 20 m. As the number of tracks increased, the accident rate monotonically increased due to the increased accident exposure. Risk assessment techniques were applied to determine the efficacy of the various level crossing safety devices. In addition to upgrading the safety of crossings, the management techniques stressed the importance of education campaigns in warning the public about the dangers of illegal crossings.     

FMECA风险分析法在穿越管道施工过程的应用

外钓岛-册子岛水平定向钻穿越工程施工难度大,施工存在着很多风险。应用国际上先进的风险管理方法—FMECA定性风险评价法,对外钓岛-册子岛海底管道施工过程中的各类潜在事故进行了概率及后果影响评价,并据此采取了风险削减措施,为工程的顺利施工起到了很好的保障作用,同时也为国内外穿越工程施工安全及可靠性评价提出了一种新的方法。     

长输管道河流穿越方法及其环境影响

近年来,国内管道的河流穿越技术得到了快速发展,而穿越方式的合理选择是管道敷设设计中的难点问题,也是工程设计的重要关注点。文中通过对各种河流穿越技术进行对比分析,总结不同穿越方法的优缺点,适用范围、适用条件及其可能产生的环境影响,结合工程实例介绍具体穿越方案的选择,为长输管道河流穿越方案的合理选择提供借鉴。     

How much do people value the environment?

The selection and evaluation of road schemes through the Leitch framework is based on a combination of cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. Both techniques involve the definition and valuation of a number of costs and benefits. These costs and benefits are defined and valued in isolation to each other so that we know virtually nothing about the relative valuation that people assign to different types of costs and benefits which might affect them directly or indirectly. This paper outlines the development of a method which allows people to conceptualise the costs and benefits of a road scheme in their own terms and then to rank schemes in relation to those costs and benefits. This method is based upon an interview process involving the use of repertory grid technique. The information from the repertory grid technique is used as a sound basis for determining trade-offs between attributes and for attempting to obtain monetary valuations of different project attributes. A number of exploratory interviews are reported which outline some of the difficulties with a number of the survey features including the choice of case-study, interviewer and information biases and sample and non-response biases. Various ways of dealing with these difficulties are discussed.     

池家河隧道岩体浅表生改造及其与围岩级别的关系

为探讨池家河隧道围岩质量,文章基于隧址区浅表生改造特征和空间发育规律,初步划分了浅表生改造强度等级,建立了适用于池家河隧道地质条件的施工期围岩分级方案,探讨了浅表生改造与隧道围岩级别的关系。结果表明,池家河隧道隧址区岩体经受过较强烈的浅表生改造,主要表现为发育中缓倾角结构面和陡倾角裂隙。浅表生改造控制了池家河隧道岩体结构及围岩级别,浅表生改造强度可划分为强烈、中等和轻微。强烈改造带围岩级别一般为Ⅴ级;中等改造带围岩级别多为Ⅳ级,少部分为Ⅴ级;轻微改造带围岩级别多为Ⅲ级,少部分为Ⅳ级。池家河隧道浅表生中等改造带段落最多,控制了池家河隧道围岩级别。     

改进的模糊层次分析法在公路环境影响评价中的应用

针对每个比选方案从不同的环境角度分析,会各有优势和劣势特点,提出了改进的模糊层次分析法在公路环评应用,较好的解决了在作比选方案同等深度的环境比选时,怎样从环境角度综合评价各比选方案的优劣。     

城市轨道交通地下车站环境空气影响问题及对策探讨

LIU Moyun(Fuzhou Roil Transit Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou Fujian 350000,China)     

通渭路黄河大桥交通影响评价

文章基于现阶段兰州市道路、桥梁交通量情况,对拟建的通渭路黄河大桥设计方案进行了交通影响评价,并探讨了项目建成后可能存在的问题及相应的解决措施。     

公路环境影响评价在饮用水源保护中的应用探讨

文章以广西灌阳至平乐高速公路环境影响评价项目为例,介绍了该路采取的饮用水源保护方案,探讨在环境影响评价工作中如何协调公路工程建设与饮用水源保护的关系,对同类项目环境影响评价工作及公路工程设计均具有借鉴与指导作用。     

公路网规划环境影响评价内容、程序和方法体系研究

在总结研究目前国内已有公路网规划环境影响评价工作的基础上,根据规划环境评价的目标要求和公路网规划的实际,提出了包括内容、程序和方法等的公路网规划环境影响评价体系,提高现有公路网规划环境评价能力和未来公路网规划环境评价质量。     

公路隧道环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策建议

公路隧道环境影响评价在预防和减缓隧道建设、运营对生态环境的影响上起着重要的作用.文章在对公路隧道环评实践过程中存在的现行法规难以完全满足环评需要、环评介入时间滞后以及其他一些环评技术问题进行分析讨论的基础上.提出了制定隧道环评专门法规、加强隧道环评监管和提高隧道环评人员素质的对策建议.     

公路噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象的探讨

文章根据公路项目环保竣工验收的交通噪声监测结果,通过理论值与实测值的比较,分析了典型路段交通噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施及建议,为公路建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

Impact of telecommuting on spatial and temporal patterns of household travel

A spatial and temporal analysis of travel diary data collected during the State of California Telecommuting Pilot Project is performed to determine the impacts of telecommuting on household travel behavior. The analysis is based on geocoded trip data where missing trips and trip attributes have been augmented to the extent possible. The results confirm the earlier finding that the Pilot Project telecommuters substantially reduced travel; on telecommuting days, the telecommuters made virtually no commute trips, reduced peak-period trips by 60%, total distance traveled by 75%, and freeway miles by 90%. The spatial analysis of the trip records has shown that the telecommuters chose non-work destinations that are closer to home; they exhibited contracted action spaces after the introduction of telecommuting. Importantly, this contraction took place on both telecommuting days and commuting days. The telecommuters distributed their trips, over the day and avoided peak-period travel on telecommuting days. Non-work trips, however, show similar patterns of temporal distribution on telecommuting days and commuting days. Non-work trips continued to be made during the lunch period and late afternoon and evening hours.