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计重收费是对原公路货运收费模式的一种改善,但其不能完全遏制和消除超限运输行为.严重超限运输对公路造成的隐性破坏,不但威胁公路桥梁的安全,而且损害公路经营者的利益.文章提出应利用科技化手段,结合计重收费的数据信息,深入开展超限运输治理. 相似文献
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国外城市公共旅客运输竞争机制的启示
在发达国家,城市公共旅客运输业的竞争一般分为两类:一类是运输企业通过参与投标竞争,取得在一定期限内和一定区域内独享的经营权利,即为取得独享的市场权利的竞争,简称"竞争市场";另一类是运输企业在遵守一些有关交易及经营行为规则的前提下,在同一市场中相互竞争,简称"市场竞争".在"市场竞争"中,经营者始终面对竞争对手的压力,从而有助于降低成本和提高服务质量;不过在有些情况下,在一定的经营期限内,由唯一的经营者提供指定的服务是一种比较好的选择,如出于技术原因、规模经济考虑,或为避免多个经营者竞争而损害"公共利益"的行为.特许经营便是"竞争市场"的一种主要方式. 相似文献
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目前,超限运输导致运输市场运力过剩,形成“压价→运力过剩→再超限”的恶性循环,严重扰乱了运输市场的正常秩序,使运价无法正确反映市场运力供给与需求之间的关系,严重损害了守法承运人的合法利益。 相似文献
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长期以来,我国公路运输领域存在着运输主体分散经营、过度竞争、恶意压价、超限超载的严重问题,不仅损害公路、危及安全,也是现代物流发展的瓶颈.当前开展的治理公路超限超载运输已经取得初步成效,给运输市场、运输企业带来了生存、竞争、发展的新契机: 相似文献
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<正> 运输市场开放以来,形成了全社会办交通的局面,运输能力不断提高,运输工具不断增加,运输规模不断扩大,乘车难、运货难的问题基本解决,运输市场供需矛盾基本缓解。但是,按照建立“开放、统一、竞争、有序”的运输市场的要求还有不少差距,存在不少问题,主要表现在:运力投放增加过快,运输结构不尽合理,经营行为不够规范,在一定程度上阻碍了交通运输业的健康发展。这就要求运管部门通过加强运输行业的管理,强化运输市场的监督,实现对运输市场的有效调控,以维护运输市场的正常秩序,促进运输经济效益的提高。 相似文献
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<正> 近几年来,我国培育道路运输市场工作迈出较大步伐。其主要成绩是:运输经营主体自主经营程度提高;运输资源流动速度加快;运输市场改革开放力度加大,新的运输经济体制开始建立;运输市场机制作用增强,促进了运输经济的发展。 但是,当前道路运输市场中仍存在以下较为突出的问题:管理体制不顺,主要表现在多头管理,职责交叉;法规不健全,且层次较低,导致市场规则不健全,市场行为不规范;地方保护主义较为严重,垄断客源、货源,封锁、割裂运输市场,导致客货车实载率普遍下降;宏观调控的力度不够,运力结构和运力布局不合理的状况依然存在。 相似文献
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<正> 道路运输市场是社会主义大市场的重要组成部分。培育和发展道路运输市场,促进运输资源的合理配置,使道路运输事业更好地为国民经济和社会生活服务,是道路运输管理部门的重要职责;而建立道路运输市场经济体制的关键在于培育、完善和规范道路运输交易市场,构建新的管理模式,促进交易行为的有序化和法 相似文献
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道路货运市场结构优化策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、道路货运市场结构判断市场结构是指特定产业内企业之间数量、市场份额和规模上的关系。市场结构是决定市场行为,从而决定市场绩效的基本因素。决定市场结构的主要因素有市场集中度、产品差别化等。1. 道路货运市场集中度低。2001年道路运输业统计资料显示,目前我国平均每个经营业户仅拥有1.5辆车,个体和私营业户占总数的80%以上。根据对22个省的统计,在现有的道路运输企业中,绝大多数属于中小企业,这反映了我国道路货运企业规模结构的不合理现状。市场集中度过低,不利于产业经济的集中,不利于道路货运业的持续发展。2. 缺乏个性化的运输… 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献