下穿既有公路的土江冲隧道双层管棚设计及监测分析

位于常—吉高速公路上的土江冲隧道是一座下穿既有公路的四车道连拱隧道,施工中为了控制地面沉降,在洞口段采用双层管棚作为辅助施工方法,保证了隧道施工安全和319国道的畅通;在隧道开挖过程中,掌子面附近的管棚变形最大,隧道开挖纵向影响范围为1.5~2.0倍开挖高度。文章介绍了管棚设计、施工情况和监测结果。     

地下工程稳定性分析方法现状与不足

文章简要地介绍了多种地下工程围岩稳定性分析方法,并对其进行了简单的论述,分析了目前方法的不足和今后的发展趋势.     

Multilevel analysis of daily time use and time allocation to activity types accounting for complex covariance structures using correlated random effects

In this paper multilevel analysis is used to study individual choices of time allocation to maintenance, subsistence, leisure, and travel time exploiting the nested data hierarchy of households, persons, and occasions of measurement. The multilevel models in this paper examine the joint and multivariate correlation structure of four dependent variables in a cross-sectional and longitudinal way. In this way, observed and unobserved heterogeneity are estimated using random effects at the household, person, and temporal levels. In addition, random coefficients associated with explanatory variables are also estimated and correlated with these random effects. Using the wide spectrum of options offered by multilevel models to account for individual and group heterogeneity, complex interdependencies among individuals within their households, within themselves over time, and within themselves but across different indicators of behavior, are analyzed. Findings in this analysis include large variance contribution by each level considered, clear evidence of non-linear dynamic behavior in time-allocation, different trajectories of change in time allocation for each of the four dependent variables used, and lack of symmetry in change over time characterized by different trajectories in the longitudinal evolution of each dependent variable. In addition, the multivariate correlation structure among the four dependent variables is different at each of the three levels of analysis.     

Grouping travelers on the basis of their different car and transit levels of use

Market segmentation studies in travel behavior research are ordinarily based on socioeconomic characteristics and personality traits. This study explores the usefulness of a different approach, where the actual overall mobility levels across different ground transportation modes, along with desired changes in the use of cars and transit, are used as clustering variables. Using a given mode can in fact influence the personal representation of that mode, which in turn has been proven to be a key element in transport behaviours. We form such multimodality-based clusters from two field studies, one involving employees of the French transportation research institute INRETS and the other a representative sample of residents of the US San Francisco Bay Area. We find that strong users of a given mode would like to bring more balance to their “modal consumptions” by decreasing the use of this mode more than the average, and increasing the use of the alternative mode. However, concerning ground transport travel budgets, the desire to travel more (or less) overall seems less strongly related to the composition of the modal balance. The US dataset shows also a greater latent demand for travel than the French one. Socioeconomic characteristics of the clusters could not explain the patterns that were found, confirming the importance of taking into account multimodality issues in travel behavior research. Some policy implications from these findings are finally reported.

公路隧道监控系统的设计和发展

文章简要地总结了隧道监控系统的设计方法和发展方向,对隧道监控设计模式和隧道监控的智能化发展进行了分析,提出了智能化控制的关键技术和存在的问题.     

Investigating the temporal changes in the relationships between time spent on the internet and non-mandatory activity-travel time use

The amount of time we spend online has been increasing dramatically, influencing our daily travel and activity patterns. However, empirical studies on changes in the extent to which the amount of time spent online are related to changes in our activity and travel patterns are scarce, mainly due to a lack of available longitudinal or quasi-longitudinal data. This paper explores how the relationships between the time spent using the Internet, and the time spent on non-mandatory maintenance and leisure activities, have evolved over a decade. Maintenance activities include out-of-home activities such as shopping, banking, and doctor visits, while leisure activities include entertainment activities, visiting friends, sporting activities, and so forth. Our approach uses two datasets from two major cross-sectional surveys in Scotland, i.e. the 2005/06 Scottish Household Survey (SHS) and the 2015 Integrated Multimedia City Data (iMCD) Survey, which were similarly structured and formed. The multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model and difference-in-differences (DD) estimation are applied and integrated to examine how the relationships between the time spent on the Internet and travel have changed over time and the direction and magnitude of the changes. Our findings suggest that the complementary associations between Internet use and individuals’ non-mandatory activity-travel time use are diminishing over time, whereas their substitutive associations are increasing. We additionally find that such temporal changes are significant in the case of those who spent moderate to high levels of time on the Internet (5 h or more online) per week.

     

高水压越江隧洞施工及运营期间结构受力分析

以重庆主城排水越江盾构隧洞工程为背景,对施工阶段外水压和使用阶段内0.7 MPa外水压条件下的盾构隧洞及其内部输水管道进行了数值模拟分析,得出了施工和使用阶段0.6～0.7 MPa结构的内力、变形和位移的大小与分布,通过研究探明了此复杂结构的受力特征,为工程的设计施工提供了重要依据.     

再论隧道超欠挖的分析与检测

文章对隧道超欠挖问题进行了分析,评价了超欠挖的计算方法,指出了超欠挖对隧道工程的影响,同时介绍了超欠挖的各种检测方法,并把这些方法分为接触式和非接触式两类来阐述,以此作为隧道施工监控和验收的依据.     

公路隧道建设中安全监测预报的应用

由于隧道围岩的复杂性和不可见性,为尽量避免意外的情况发生,在施工的同时有必要采用超前地质预报结合常规围岩变形监测等多种探查手段.文章结合有关的实际工程,阐述了多种安全监测方法在公路隧道的综合应用,并将现场观察、现场地质调查、现场监控量测所得到的信息进行综合分析,进一步加深了隧道的"信息化设计和施工"概念,以期为今后隧道的建设提供有益的帮助和借鉴.     

特长公路隧道通风设计若干问题与对策

目前,我国在特长公路隧道的通风设计中,在隧道自然风阻力计算、根据稀释烟雾计算隧道需风量、送排式通风系统中“不应有短道回流”和通风斜井倾角选用等方面存在一定的问题。文章在对问题进行分析论证的基础上提出:(1)隧道自然风阻力应由自然风等效压差确定,在缺少工程实地观测资料的情况下,假定隧道自然风阻力为常量,并在10~30 Pa之间取值;(2)依据稀释烟雾计算隧道需风量时,在公式中应引入烟雾的质量浓度或烟雾的体积浓度,并用其替代公式中的一般烟雾浓度;(3)竖井送排式通风系统中宜变短道顺流为有控制的回流;(4)隧道通风斜井的倾角不要受矿山常用的斜井倾角的限制,应视隧道的具体工程条件灵活取用。     

京沪高速济南连接线工程穿越风景名胜区环境保护方案研究

随着公路工程选址由平原、微丘区向山岭重丘区转移,越来越多的出现项目穿越风景名胜区等环境敏感点等问题。文章介绍了京沪高速济南连接线工程穿越龙洞省级风景名胜区的工程优化方案,并制定了相应的环境保护及景观恢复措施,可供同类工程参考和借鉴。     

The construction and use of continuous autoregressive models for traffic indices

This article discusses the use of continuous autoregressive models to describe the behavior of traffic indices. From discretely sampled data, second-order differential equation models are constructed to represent dynamic traffic fluctuations as the response of a linear system to a stochastic forcing function. The results are compared to the more common M/G/∞ queueing model approach, and the analysis is demonstrated on time series of aircraft concentration in thirty-one enroute air traffic control sectors.     

地铁隧道底部探测技术及应用

地铁工程不仅要保证施工过程中的安全,而且要保障长期运营中的安全,因此隧道底部地质环境是地铁工程需重点考虑的特殊问题.文章介绍了地铁隧道底部地质探测的必要性,总结了国内外专家关于地铁隧道地质探测方法的研究成果;针对地铁工程的特殊性,提出了地铁隧道底部探测预报措施以地质法为基础、其它方法综合运用的原则,对探测技术的原理作了论述."武汉地铁二号线虎泉段隧道底部岩溶探测"项目的应用实践结果表明,该项探测技术能够基本满足地铁工程需要,探测准确度较高,值得在地铁工程中推广,有必要进行更深入的研究.     

天津地铁改建新旧结构相接技术探讨

文章通过对天津地铁西站(既有站)-洪湖里(新建站)区问新建结构与既有结构相接的研究,详细介绍了接缝处明挖基坑止水帷幕的特殊处理方法、新旧结构接头施工缝的设置、接头处防水及外包防水层的设置与施工、防止新旧结构不均匀沉降的措施等.     

广西山区高速公路路面类型设计比选及对策

文章通过论述广西山区高速公路对路面性能的特殊要求,采用多方案比选论证,得出水泥混凝土路面是较为适合的路面类型的结论,并针对广西山区高速公路水泥混凝土路面可能出现的问题,提出了相应的处理措施,为广西山区高速公路路面的设计、施工及管理提供参考。     

重庆岩溶地区季节性富水营运隧道渗漏水病害特征及其成因机制分析

文章在全面搜集重庆地区现役187座高速公路营运隧道的基础上,针对目前出现渗漏水病害的66座隧道进行了调研,选取了15座渗漏病害比较严重的隧道进行归纳统计分析,依据其区域分布特征,得出了隧道渗漏水病害同岩溶地貌,以及季节性降水存在的必然联系;进而选取了具有典型代表特征的秀山隧道作为研究对象,对其渗漏水病害特征、致灾机制,以及成因机制进行了探讨。研究表明,重庆岩溶地区隧道渗漏水病害在空间里程上呈带状分布、时间上具有延续性、隧址区岩溶水呈动态变化、与不良地质段在里程上分布基本一致,且隧道周围水环境与暗河存在间断性联系等典型病害特征;隧道穿越岩溶发育区储水型构造,致使其在不同时期存在三种不同工作状态,即正常工作状态、高水压工作状态、低水压工作状态的相互转换;渗漏水病害是隧址区内外众多因素共同作用的结果,尤其是同其水文地质条件、设计因素,以及防排水设施施工质量和营运期间的失效性等有关。实践检验表明,对于岩溶地区季节性富水营运隧道渗漏水病害的治理区段,应以"排为主,堵为辅"。     

The role of attitude structures,direct experience and reframing for the success of congestion pricing

Congestion pricing was introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referendum, and permanently from 2007. Public attitudes to the charges became more negative during the period from the decision to the start of the system. Once the trial started, public attitudes became dramatically more positive over the following years, going from 2/3 against the charges to more than 2/3 in favor of the charges. Self-reported changes in behavior and attitudes considerably underestimate actual changes: about 3/4 of the decrease in car trips and more than half of the change in attitudes seem to have gone unnoticed by respondents, ex post. Self-interest and belief in the charges’ effectiveness strongly affect attitudes at any given point in time, but can only explain a minor part of the change in attitudes. I suggest that the debate and the shift in attitudes can be understood as a public and political reframing of the congestion charges over time.     

郑州百名的哥要求"单飞"

郑州客运管理处负责人表示,出租车实行个体经营,不利于统一管理和临督。然而,据了解,2003年,郑州大众出租年公司300多名的哥"单飞"成功。目前,他们拥有自己的经营权,直接挂靠客运管理处,只缴纳100元的管理费,比其他的哥少缴纳70元。     

Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes

This paper explores the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes using data derived from a survey conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2015. The study provides empirical evidence of relationships of smartphone use for trip planning (e.g. departure time, destination, mode choice, coordinating trips and performing tasks online) and resulting travel outcomes (e.g. vehicle kilometers traveled, social gathering, new place visits, and group trips) and associated factors. Several sets of factors such as socio-economic characteristics and travel characteristics are tested and interpreted. Results suggest that smartphone applications mostly influence younger individuals’ trip planning decisions. Transit pass owners are the frequent users of smartphone applications for trip planning. Findings suggest that transit pass owners commonly use smartphone applications for deciding departure times and mode choices. The study also identifies the limited impact of smartphone application use on reducing travel outcomes, such as vehicle kilometers traveled. The highest impact is in visiting new places (a 48.8% increase). The study essentially offers an original in-depth understanding of how smartphone applications are affecting everyday travel.     

The use of dynamic programming in optimally allocating funds for highway safety improvements

An integrated system approach to traffic accident countermeasure selection is presented. This approach draws primarily upon the resources of a computerized accident records system for identifying high accident locations. Once high accident locations are identified by type, local investigations of these locations are conducted producing standardized cost and benefit data. These data are processed through a dynamic programming algorithm to produce optimal policies for implementation. Since this system has been in operation in two states in the United States for about five years, it should be of special interest to practitioners.