Internet的TCP拥塞控制机制改进

随着视频点播等网络多媒体技术的快速发展 ,现有的TCP拥塞控制机制已不能有效解决网络拥塞问题 .为了改善这种状况 ,可以通过改进现有的算法来获得较好的性能 .合适字节计数(ABC)算法通过改进拥塞窗口的增长方式减轻延迟或丢失的确认 (ACK)带来的负面影响 ,填补了TCP协议中的一个漏洞 .此外 ,适当地增加初始化窗口可以减少传输时间 ,提高性能 .尽管算法的改进一定程度上能缓解网络的拥挤状况 ,但仍有些问题无法解决 ,拥塞管理器则集成了所有应用程序及传输协议 ,用于进行拥塞控制和管理、带宽共享等 ,也就有可能彻底、有效地解决拥塞问题     

多频无线通信网路由协议

针对多频无线通信网的特点,设计了一种多频无线通信网路由协议（MCWN-RP）.协议采用组播扩散机制优化扩散路径,采用非重传确认机制减少报文种类,采用最短路径树构造算法降低扩散内容,采用自适应定时器调整机制减少网络冲突,从而大大降低了协议开销;同时采用差别拓扑更新方式,提高收敛性能.对MCWN-RP进行了协议开销和收敛时间的性能分析,得出协议性能与拓扑更新包大小和协议包发送间隔的关系.OPNET仿真结果表明,与OSPF、OLSR协议相比,MCWN-RP具有非常小的协议开销和较高的收敛性能,是一种高效的动态路由协议.     

电磁干扰对电力线网络的传输质量与频谱的影响

电力线通信（Power-Line Communication,PLC）系统是利用信号耦合的方式,将载波耦合到AC电力线的弦波信号上,经由电力线来传输网络数据.本文主要探讨常见的家电用品对PLC系统的影响.量测工具使用LabVIEW软件来撷取数据,针对距离、电器设备差异计算信噪比（SNR）、信道频率响应（CFR）以及上传/下载速度对通信质量影响.由量测的结果得知,目前PLC系统所遇到的衰减问题大多与外界的噪声大小或与AC传输线的距离有关,经由量测的资料结果可以当作改善PLC系统效能的依据.     

基于移动环境的TCP协议改进方案

针对移动环境中TCP性能下降的问题，提出了一种端到端的基于ROMIPv4的TCP改进方案——TCP-BROMIPv4．该方案利用ROMIPv4中的绑定更新消息以及新增的切换警告消息，调整发送TCP在移动节点切换过程中的操作．仿真结果表明，TCP-BROMIPv4缩短了移动环境下的业务中断时间，增加了发送的分组数量，从而提高了网络吞吐量．     

A New Wireless Packet Scheduling Algorithm Based on EDF and Its Application in Multi-bottleneck Networks

Most of current wireless packet scheduling algorithms aim at resource allocation as fairly as possible or maximizing throughput. This paper proposed a new packet scheduling algorithm that aims at satisfying delay requirement and is the improvement of earliest due first (EDF) algorithm in wired networks. The main idea is to classify the packets based on their delay bound, scheduling the most "urgent" class of user and the users that have the best channel condition with higher priority. This algorithm can easily integrate with common buffer management algorithms, when buffer management algorithm cannot accept new arrival packets, try to modify scheduling policy. Packet scheduling algorithms in multiple bottleneck wireless networks were also discussed. A new variable multi-hop factor was defined to estimate the congestion situation (including channel condition) of future hops. Multi-hop factor can be integrated into packet scheduling algorithms as assistant and supplement to improve its performance in multi-bottleneck wireless networks.     

基于邻域相关的自适应中值滤波算法

为改善图像效果,在对现有的椒盐噪声自适应中值滤波算法分析的基础上,提出了基于邻域相关的自适应中值偏移滤波算法。算法对自适应中值滤波算法的处理过程进行改进。当滤波窗口大于设定的最大值时,根据像素点邻域内的像素点灰度值分布在不同的区间,将像素点灰度值的复原分为偏大或偏小两种情况。受污染像素点的滤波输出值为偏移的中值,偏移的距离根据改进的自适应中值滤波算法运行时滤波窗口的大小来决定。从仿真结果可见:该算法滤波后的图像具有较高的峰值信噪比,对图像细节的保留能力和抑制椒盐噪声的能力都有一定的提高。     

Improved scheme of internet congestion control under moving average filter

An important task of Internet congestion control is inhibiting sporadic data flow to maintain a suitable window size or route queue length. Such a requirement is just consistent with the basic idea and function of a moving average filter. In this paper one prior Internet congestion control model, named transmission control protocol (TCP)/random early detection (RED) stroboscopic model, is studied, and then one new scheme is proposed to enlarge its stable domain, where a simple moving average filter is introduced to inhibit sporadic data flow as possible. In the novel scheme the bifurcation phenomenon is postponed without any extra controller. The effectiveness of the new scheme is verified by theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.     

Influences of clock resolution of bandwidth measurement on packet pair algorithm

Influences of the clock resolution of bandwidth estimator on the accuracy and stability of the packet pair algorithm was analyzed. A mathematic model has been established to reveal the relationship between the result deviation coefficient and the packet size, clock resolution and real bandwidth（value）of the measured route. A bandwidth self-adapting packet pair algorithm was presented based on the mathematic model to reduce the estimation error resulting from the clock resolution and to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement by adjusting the deviation coefficient. Experimental results have verified the validity and stability of the algorithm.     

基于模糊预测的高速铁路客流OD 表的推算方法

科学预测客流的变化趋势与波动及获取路网客流OD 表是制定旅客列车开行 方案的依据.结合高速铁路客运的运营实际,利用客流变化相对稳定特征,本文提出了客 流OD 表的反推方法和计算流程,该方法的计算工作量相对叠加法节省了（n2-2n）.考虑 实际客流日波动特征,依据模糊预测原理,建立了车站客运指标的时间序列模糊预测方 程和预测方法,该方法可获取预测期客运指标的变化区间.以南方一高速铁路线为背景, 对车站发送人数进行了预测,预测值与实际数据相比误差在1%以内.在车站发送人数预 测的基础上,给出了线路客流OD 表的反推演算.     

无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由博弈算法

由于传感器网络节点采用电池供电,单个节点能量的过度消耗会导致网络的失效,因此传感器节点可能因为能量限制而拒绝转发数据.正是因为传感器节点存在这种潜在的自私行为,传感器网络路由问题可以描述为一个减少节点能量消耗而获得最大网络效益的博弈问题.文中提出了一种无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由博弈模型,并证明了纳什均衡的存在性.同时,给出了一种基于混合纳什均衡的无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由算法.     

降钙素基因相关肽对家兔正常、缺血心肌细胞动作电位的影响

目的　研究降钙素基因相关肽对正常和缺血心肌细胞动作电位的直接作用。方法　采用经典玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术 ,研究 1 0 - 8mol/LCGRP对家兔正常右房肌、左室肌和缺血左室肌跨膜动作电位的影响。结果　 1 0 - 8mol/LCGRP可使家兔正常右房肌和左室肌细胞的APD95和APD50～95明显缩短 ,加速动作电位的后期复极 ;并能明显减小缺血左室肌AP异常复极程度。正常条件下 ,右房肌的APD95和APD50～ 95分别由用药前 (2 0 6± 8)ms和 (1 1 0± 8)ms缩短为 (1 96± 4)ms和 (99± 5)ms(P <0 0 5) ;左室肌的APD95和APD50～95分别由用药前 (2 67± 1 3)ms和 (54± 6)ms缩短为 (2 59± 1 2 )ms和 (45± 4)ms (P <0 0 5)。缺血条件下 ,1 0 - 8mol/LCGRP加入后 5min ,APD50 /APD95 由 (68 0± 4 5) %增大为 (75 0± 4 2 ) % (P <0 0 1 ) ;APD50～95由 (67± 8)ms缩短为 (45± 6)ms (P <0 0 1 )。结论　 1 0 - 8mol/LCGRP可加速正常右房肌和左室肌细胞动作电位的后期复极 ;并能延缓缺血左室肌细胞AP复极的异常改变 ,改善缺血对心肌细胞的影响     

Effects of denial of service attack in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are often deployed in environments where the nodes of the networks are unattended and have little or no physical protection against tampering. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks are thus susceptible to compromise. The networks are particularly vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks launched through compromised nodes or intruders. In this paper, we investigated the effects of flooding attacks in network simulation 2 (NS-2) and measured the packet delivery ratio and packet delay under different flooding frequencies and different numbers of attack nodes. Simulation results show that with the increase the flooding frequencies and the numbers of attack nodes, network performance drops. But when the frequency of flooding attacks is greater than a value, the performance decrease gets smooth. Meanwhile the packet delay firstly increases and then declines to a value of stability at the end.     

Energy-aware load-balaning fault-tolerant routing scheme for ad hoc sensor networks

Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge （ACK） feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay.     

ACCURATE SPEECH SEGMENTATION VIA the IMPROVED SHORT-TIME FRACTAL DIMENSION

Thefractalmodeliseffectiveondescribingthenonlinearphenomenainspeechsignalsduetothefactthatthedynamicsofspeechproductionmaycre atesomedegreeofchaos[1 ] .Ithasbeenprovedthatwithinanutterance,thenoise likeconsonantshavehigherfractaldimensionsthanthemoreregularvowels.Thus,speechsignalscanbesegmentedac cordingtothechangesinthefractaldimensiontra jectories[2 ] .Windowsizeandslidingwindowstepareveryimportanttocalculatethefractaldimensiontrajecto ry .Ifthewindowsizeistoolarge ,therelativelyweakerfract…     

客运专线夜间行车与天窗的相互影响分析

客运专线天窗的开设影响夕发朝至列车的运行组织. 考虑高速列车可利用相邻既有线、城际铁路跨线运行,以综合利用运输通道运输能力满足旅客夜间出行需求,本文分析了客运专线开设全线垂直矩形天窗与夜间行车的相互影响,建立了求解最佳矩形天窗位置问题的数学模型,以天窗影响列车OD数最少为目标,以满足夕发朝至列车合理到发时间带为约束,并提出了求解算法. 结合京沪高速铁路实例,运用计算机编程求解,得出不同位置的天窗影响的列车OD数相差不大的结论,并给出动车组速度等级为350km/h和250km/h、速度系数0.9和0.8四种情况下长度为4小时的相对最佳矩形天窗位置. 对受天窗影响的列车提出了运行调整措施,初步分析了开行夕发朝至列车时动车组适宜采取的运行速度.     

校园网通信流量计费系统开发

介绍了一种校园网通信流量计费系统。以西南交通大学校园网为例，通过对校园网结构进行分析，从原理、软硬件设计等多方面详细讨论了如何开发园网通信流量计费系统，其中对网桥、ＰａｃｋｅｔＤｒｉｖｅｒ编程方法和ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ数据包进行了一定分析与研究。     

基于DSPN的高速磁浮车地通信系统可靠性及时延

为满足磁浮运行控制系统对于列车高速运行条件下通信实时、大容量的需求,基于确定与随机Petri网(deterministic and stochastic Petri nets, DSPN),根据38 GHz毫米波的影响因素,建立了其通信故障模型;按照信息帧的发送、冗余结构处理、双通道传输以及选择表决的整个传输过程,建立了车地下行链路数据传输模型.对磁浮车地通信系统的可靠性及系统延时进行了形式化分析,结果说明,磁浮38 GHz毫米波无线通信网络无故障概率达99.452%,故障平均修复时间达373.80 ms,满足高速磁浮车地通信的需求.      

基于两阶段算法的运行图与天窗协同优化

列车运行图铺画与天窗设置存在相互影响,相互制约的耦合关系,为了达到优化列车运行图结构,合理配置铁路运力资源的目的,在分析天窗与列车运行动态影响关系的基础上,以天窗设置对列车运行线铺画影响最小为目标,建立了列车运行图与天窗协同优化的混合整数规划模型. 考虑问题复杂性,设计了包含初步优化和综合优化的两阶段求解算法. 初步优化阶段采用基于专家经验的启发式算法得到列车运行图的大体框架,综合优化阶段利用禁忌搜索算法获取全局最优解. 最后以宝成线（阳平关—成都）为例进行有效性验算. 结果表明,相较于人机交互编制所得运行图,优化得出的运行图中所有客货列车在途经车站的总停留时间降低了6.19%,共减少1 355 min,其中旅客列车和货物列车在站停留时间分别降低了3.08%和7.40%,减少总时间分别为189 min和1 166 min.      

Dynamic characteristics of explicit control protocol

The dynamic characteristics of eplicit control protocol （XCP） were investigated with single bottleneck on the microscopic time-scale. Analysis and simulation results show that the bandwidth utilization of an XCP bottleneck link converges to 1 at exponential rate, persistent congestion cannot occur at the bottleneck link, and throughput of an arbitrary subset of XCP flows at the bottleneck link converges to its fair share in exponential rate. The XCP has high bandwidth utilization and good fairness properties.     

LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法预测设备剩余使用寿命

应用LSTM Encoder-Decoder提出了机械设备剩余使用寿命预测方法;对获取的传感器数据进行预处理,利用LSTM Encoder对数据序列进行编码,得到设备状态信息的中间表示,其中蕴含了设备状态的特征信息,利用LSTM Decoder对中间表示信息进行解码,利用解码后的信息预测剩余使用寿命;研究了LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法在公开的C-MAPSS数据集上的剩余使用寿命预测试验,与LSTM、D-LSTM等方法进行了对比试验;研究了不同滑动窗口大小对于剩余寿命预测结果的影响。研究结果表明:LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法的剩余使用寿命预测结果的评分函数值和均方根误差均优于LSTM、D-LSTM方法;在FD001子集上,LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法、LSTM方法和D-LSTM方法对应的均方根误差分别为11、12、16;当滑动窗口大小为30时,LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法在FD001~FD004子集对应的评分函数值分别为164、3 012、372、4 800,对应的均方根误差分别为11、20、14、22;当滑动窗口大小为40时,LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法在FD001~FD004子集对应的评分函数值分别为305、1 220、408、4 828,对应的均方根误差分别为14、16、15、19。可见,提出的LSTM Encoder-Decoder方法是一种有效的预测机械设备剩余使用寿命方法,并且滑动窗口大小对于剩余使用寿命预测结果存在一定的影响。