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在经历了漫长的论证或博弈之后,北京第二机场项目终于确定场址上马了。与现有首都机场相比,第二机场距离市中心相当遥远,其距离天安门的直线距离46公里,大约相当于首都机场的两倍!如此远的机场其陆侧交通的衔接将成为一个突出的难题。现有的首都机场似乎可以充当参照物。首都机场2013年客流量将达到 相似文献
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文中概括了管道内检测开挖验证工作流程,提出目标环焊缝的确定原则和定位技巧,通过测量环焊缝与螺旋焊缝在12点钟方向上的轴向距离快速确定其编号,有效提高定位精度和效率,降低开挖工作量。并给出了在现场勘测中实用性较强的两个数值,即螺旋焊缝时钟位置变化1 h的轴向距离和环焊缝时钟位置变化1 h的环向长度,利用这两个值可精确测量环焊缝与螺旋焊缝钟点。 相似文献
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在膨胀节生产前的焊接试验中,发现304和Inconel625多层异种钢复合波纹管与A516 Gr.60接管焊接时易出现裂纹和未熔合缺陷。为了避免该类缺陷的产生,文中通过对原有工艺和过程数据进行分析和研究,找出了缺陷产生的主要原因。依据分析结果对原有工艺进行了优化和改进,焊接工艺评定和生产验证表明:采用新工艺获得的焊接接头可以满足产品的使用要求,有效解决了焊接缺陷问题。该工艺对于奥氏体和耐蚀合金多层异种钢复合波纹管与碳钢焊接具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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文中通过P IG清管技术在长距离高压管道的应用,介绍了由电子定位跟踪装置、清管器、收发球等组成的P IG清管系统.分析了清管系统运行情况,对该系统在长距离高压管道清洗中可能出现的问题提出解决方案,为长距离管道清洗提供整套方案. 相似文献
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研制一套有效的成品油管道泄漏监测与定位系统,对于输油管道的安全运行及环境保护,减少企业经济损失具有重要的意义。根据现场实际工况,提出一种与SCADA系统相结合的成品油管道泄漏监测与定位系统方案,给出了系统的组成与工作原理。基于GPS授时与中断技术的异地同步采集保证了异地数据采集设备的精确同步。系统使用基于负压波的分段斜率法准确判断泄漏;采用小波变换精确检测负压波传到首末站的时间差,并给出了小波基函数的选取原则及定位方法。实际应用表明:系统报警响应时间短、误报率低、泄漏定位精度高。 相似文献
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Development of an origin-destination demand matrix is crucial for transit planning. The development process is facilitated by automated transit smart card data, making it possible to mine boarding and alighting patterns on an individual basis. This research proposes a novel trip chaining method which uses Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data to infer the most likely trajectory of individual transit passengers. The method relaxes the assumptions on various parameters used in the existing trip chaining algorithms such as transfer walking distance threshold, buffer distance for selecting the boarding location, time window for selecting the vehicle trip, etc. The method also resolves issues related to errors in GPS location recorded by AFC systems or selection of incorrect sub-route from GTFS data. The proposed trip chaining method generates a set of candidate trajectories for each AFC tag to reach the next tag, calculates the probability of each trajectory, and selects the most likely trajectory to infer the boarding and alighting stops. The method is applied to transit data from the Twin Cities, MN, which has an open transit system where passengers tap smart cards only once when boarding (or when alighting on pay-exit buses). Based on the consecutive tags of the passenger, the proposed algorithm is also modified for pay-exit cases. The method is compared to previous methods developed by the researchers and shows improvement in the number of inferred cases. Finally, results are visualized to understand the route ridership and geographical pattern of trips. 相似文献
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At two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) rural intersections, a right-turning driver who is departing the minor road may select an improper gap and subsequently may be involved in a rear-end collision with another vehicle approaching on the rightmost lane on the major road. This paper provides perceptual framework and algorithm design of a proposed infrastructure-based collision warning system that has the potential to aid unprotected right-turning drivers at TWSC rural intersections. The proposed system utilizes a radar sensor that measures the location, speed, and acceleration of the approaching vehicle on the major road. Based on these measurements, the system’s algorithm determines if there will be any potential conflict between the approaching and the turning vehicles and warns the driver of the latter vehicle if such a conflict is found. The algorithm is based on realistic acceleration profile of the turning vehicle to estimate its acceleration rates at different times so that the system can accurately estimate the time and distance needed for the departing vehicle to accelerate to the same speed as for the approaching vehicle. That realistic acceleration profile is established using actual experimental data collected by a Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger device that was used to record the positions and instantaneous speeds of different right-turning vehicles at 1-s intervals. The algorithm also gives consideration to the time needed by the driver of the departing vehicle to perceive the message displayed by the system and react to it (to start departure) where it was found that 95% of drivers have a perception–reaction time of 1.89 s or less. A methodology is also illustrated to select the maximum measurement errors suggested for the detectors in measuring the locations of the approaching vehicle on the major road where it was found that the accuracy of the system significantly deteriorates if the errors in measuring the distance and the azimuth angle exceed 0.1 m and 0.2°, respectively. An application example is provided to illustrate the algorithm used by the proposed system. 相似文献
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油气管道泄漏检测技术 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
油气管道运输在国民经济中占有重要的地位,而管道泄漏危害严重。因此,选择合适的安全监测和泄漏诊断方法,在线实时动态跟踪管道运行状况,准确报告管道泄漏位置将是保障油气管道安全运行的重要步骤。文中总结了目前国内外常用的油气管道泄漏检测技术,并对其发展方向进行了说明。 相似文献