共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 206 毫秒
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为提高汽车行驶安全性,设计了基于障碍物斥力场模型的汽车主动避撞系统,建立了道路算盘模型和驾驶员预瞄跟随模型,利用算盘模型可求解出避撞路径,使用驾驶员预瞄跟随模型可求解出汽车转向盘最优转角。通过动静态障碍物环境下的仿真试验表明,利用算盘模型规划出的路径平滑、安全、可跟踪;驾驶员预瞄跟随模型的路径跟随精度高,实现了汽车主动避撞。 相似文献
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为准确而直观地判断当前工况的危险程度,充分利用已知的车间运动信息,以安全时距模型为基础,提出了一种新的碰撞时间(TTC)的建模方法。基于危险判定指标TTC开发了一种符合驾驶员避撞特性的主动避撞系统;设计了主动避撞分级制动策略,其关键参数根据驾驶员特性和实车试验结果确定;同时,引入了一个预警门限值T_w,设计了采用声、光预警的主动避撞预警策略,帮助驾驶员实现有效避撞。实车试验结果表明:该系统的分级制动和预警策略符合驾驶员的避撞特性,体现了驾驶员控制的优先性和协调性,可有效避免碰撞,满足汽车主动避撞的要求。 相似文献
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《汽车工程》2020,(1)
本文中根据不同工况驾驶员转向行为数据,提出了基于驾驶员避撞转向行为特征的聚类算法。首先搭建驾驶模拟器,采集了定半径转向、常规换道和紧急避撞转向工况下的驾驶行为数据,通过对比正常行驶和紧急避障工况下驾驶员转向行为数据,定性分析了紧急避撞转向特点。之后,利用皮尔逊相关系数法分析了描述驾驶员转向行为的观测变量与紧急避撞转向行为的相关性,得出转向盘转速与转向工况的相关性最高。接着,以转向盘转速作为聚类特征参数,利用改进K均值(K-means++)聚类方法对转向行为数据进行了聚类,将转向行为划分为正常转向和紧急避撞转向,实现了紧急避撞转向工况的识别。最后,通过实车试验验证了所提出的紧急避撞转向行为K-means++聚类方法可有效识别驾驶员紧急避撞转向行为,聚类精度达96.7%。 相似文献
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紧急避障工况下的驾驶人操作具有响应快且动作幅值较大的特点,传统预瞄驾驶人模型已不能适应紧急避障工况的需求,故考虑实际避撞场景开发相应的驾驶人模型就显得尤为必要。针对此种状况,基于驾驶模拟器,结合紧急避撞工况实际驾驶人操纵数据,提出了一种融合预瞄与势场栅格法的紧急避撞驾驶人模型。首先针对紧急避撞工况下车辆运动特点,建立车辆横、纵向耦合非线性动力学模型,并给出其状态空间方程描述;其次,离线仿真分析紧急避撞系统特征,并结合线性二次型最优控制,建立最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型;再者,基于紧急避撞工况下真实驾驶人经验转向行为数据,开发基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型,为进一步提高驾驶人模型对避障行驶工况的适应性,将基于势场栅格法的驾驶人模型与最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型进行融合,并基于Sigmoid函数实现两者输出的权重分配;最后,针对所提出的融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型,开展基于避撞台架的驾驶人在环仿真试验以及实车试验。研究结果表明:在紧急避撞工况下,对比最优曲率预瞄+跟踪误差反馈驾驶人模型,融合预瞄与势场栅格法的驾驶人模型输出的转向动作与实际驾驶人行为较为接近,可在保证避障安全性的前提下,兼顾避障路径跟踪精度与车辆行驶的稳定性。 相似文献
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Manjiang Hu Jian Wu Hongmao Qin Yougang Bian Biao Xu Qing Xu Jugang He Jianqiang Wang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(5):923-932
Vehicular collision often leads to serious casualties and traffic congestion, and the consequences are worse for multiple-vehicle collision. Many previous works on collision avoidance have only focused on the case for two consecutive vehicles using on-board sensors, which ignored the influence on upstream traffic flow. This paper proposes a novel coordinated collision avoidance (CCA) strategy for connected vehicles, which has potential to avoid collision and smooth the braking behaviors of multiple vehicles, leading to an improvement of traffic smoothness. Specifically, model predictive control (MPC) framework is used to formulate the CCA into an optimization problem, where the objective is to minimize the total relative kinetic energy density (RKED) among connected vehicles. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed CCA strategy by comparison with other two strategies. Among all the three control strategies, the RKED based control strategy shows the best performance of collision avoidance, including the best crash prevention rates (99.2 % on dry asphalt road and 90.5 % on wet asphalt road) and the best control of distance headways between vehicles. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(6):812-832
This paper describes a risk management algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance. The proposed risk management algorithm consists of a supervisor and a coordinator. The supervisor is designed to monitor collision risks between the subject vehicle and approaching vehicle in the adjacent lane. An appropriate criterion of intervention, which satisfies high acceptance to drivers through the consideration of a realistic traffic, has been determined based on the analysis of the kinematics of the vehicles in longitudinal and lateral directions. In order to assist the driver actively and increase driver's safety, a coordinator is designed to combine lateral control using a steering torque overlay by motor-driven power steering and differential braking by vehicle stability control. In order to prevent the collision while limiting actuator's control inputs and vehicle dynamics to safe values for the assurance of the driver's comfort, the Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequalities based optimisation methods have been used. The proposed risk management algorithm has been evaluated via simulation using CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink. 相似文献
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高速公路的事故类型中追尾碰撞占了很大的比例,因而开发车辆防追尾碰撞安全系统是非常必要的。文章分析了影响行车安全的各种因素,建立了安全车距数学模型,利用现代技术,构造了一种车辆防追尾碰撞安全系统。指出此安全系统能减少由于驾驶员分心和疲劳等原因导致的交通事故,最大限度地提高车辆行驶的安全性。 相似文献
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为实现车辆自主避撞,改善道路交通安全状况,提出一种基于线性路径跟踪控制的换道避撞控制策略。为实时确定制动和换道时机,获取跟车状态下自车和前车车速、加速度、相对距离以及驾驶人制动反应时间计算制动安全距离和换道安全距离,并在此基础上分别引入制动危险系数B和换道危险系数S评估制动与换道风险,使得车辆发生追尾碰撞的危险程度和主动干预阈值更直观。根据车辆期望横向加速度和期望横向位移的变化特性,采用5次多项式法规划符合驾驶人换道避撞特性的避撞路径。为保证换道避撞过程中驾驶人的安全舒适,采用最大横向加速度约束换道避撞轨迹。为实现对换道避撞路径的线性跟踪控制,保证车辆的操纵稳定性和横摆稳定性,基于车辆稳态动力学模型建立前馈控制,结合线性反馈控制消除换道路径的位置和横摆角偏差,修正参考路径实现直车道场景追尾避撞控制。仿真和实车交叉验证试验表明:根据车辆期望横向加速度和期望横向位移建立的符合驾驶人换道避撞特性的五次多项式换道路径与驾驶人实际换道避撞路径基本吻合,结合碰撞时间和车间时距的制动避撞控制策略能够在保证车辆行驶安全舒适性的同时有效避免车辆追尾碰撞,减少交通事故的发生。 相似文献
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In this paper, we present a hierarchical distributed coordination strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) that are travelling through multiple unsignalized intersections. The control strategy focuses on the improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility. In presence of wireless communication among the involved CAVs and the intersection controllers, our coordination strategy focuses on leading the CAVs travel through a road network without conventional traffic light control and ensuring collision avoidance at the intersection areas. We propose a three-layered coordination strategy in this paper. First, we evaluate the road desired average velocity considering both upstream and downstream traffic to speed up the traffic density balance. Second, the intersection controllers optimally assign reference velocity to each vehicle based on the minimization of velocity deviation from its current velocity and collision avoidance at the intersections. Finally, fast model predictive control (F-MPC) is applied for each vehicle to track their reference velocity in a computationally efficient manner. Two simulation scenarios with different difficulty levels have been implemented on a two-interconnected intersection network. Simulation results indicate the feasibility and scalability of the proposed method, as well as vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility improvement. 相似文献
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针对成山角分道通航制水域船舶航行风险高的问题,对数字化仿真环境、风险辨识、避碰机理和操纵决策开展研究。通过解构成山角水域的构成要素,建立静态交通环境的数学模型,结合船舶动态信息,构成动静结合的数字化仿真环境;基于时间、空间双维度的碰撞危险度模型和本船船位信息,提出碰撞等航行风险的辨识方法;考虑《1972年国际海上避碰规则》和良好船艺要求,归纳成山角水域不同会遇局面下的避让原则和方法,结合避碰机理求取最小改向幅度;运用时序滚动和反馈补偿方法,提出能自适应目标船机动特征的操纵决策模型。模拟成山角水域船舶会遇场景,开展多目标船场景下的仿真实验,结果表明:①在自建坐标系的会遇场景中(目标船:坐标位置(44 600 m,62 300 m),航向210°,航速12 n mile/h;本船:坐标位置(41 200 m,38 000 m),航向000°,航速12 n mile/h),基于成山角水域船舶行为的船位推算方法可提前1 168 s识别到碰撞危险;②在随机生成的多目标船模拟环境下,本船在245,617,2 005,2 405 s分别采取右转17°、复航、右转11°、复航操作,可让清所有目标船,满足船舶在该水域航行时操纵决策的需求。综上,提出的方法在成山角水域可更早识别到碰撞危险并进行操纵决策,为船舶在类似分道通航制水域中智能航行的实现提供理论基础。 相似文献