水下A架连接安装膨胀弯

海洋石油工程股份有限公司在文昌油田群项目中首次设计制作水下A架,成功应用于水下膨胀弯的连接安装。从项目出发介绍了利用水下A架连接安装水下膨胀弯的方法,使得潜水员水下可以利用手扳葫芦轻松调控膨胀弯的姿态,对正法兰,完成膨胀弯的连接安装。其技术要点是水下A架的设计制作和水下使用,和传统的浮袋配重块安装方法相比较,水下A架安装方法既能够在较恶劣的海况下应用,又能够有效地提高膨胀弯的安装效率。     

M型跨接管设计中敏感性分析的参数化研究

水下模式开发的油气田中,跨接管作为水下井口、管道终端管汇(PLEM)及管道终端(PLET)间的连接管段,与海底输送管道相比具有相对特殊的结构形式与特点。因此跨接管设计通常独立于海底管道进行。介绍跨接管的设计中需要考虑的主要因素,结合跨接管预制、安装特点以及与海底管道、水下基础的等界面影响,介绍与归纳设计中包含的敏感性因素及其影响。根据多敏感性因素的特点提出基于参数化分析的设计方法,并通过计算模拟与结果比较就各敏感性因素对跨接管在位强度的影响提供一些具有指导意义的原则与思路。     

非粘接柔性管力学性能验证实验方法研究

非粘接柔性管是一种特殊的复合材料,由多种材料非粘接复合而成,相比粘接性柔性管,其可设计性、弯曲性、施工安装及回收利用有很好的优势。在海洋工程中,非粘接柔性管被大量的应用于海洋油气管道中。在风、浪、流等复杂的海况条件下,海洋油气管道的力学性能引起更多的关注。为了研究海洋油气管道的拉伸、弯曲以及压溃等力学性能,减少在海洋工程作业中的意外事故,需要对原型管子进行相应的验证试验。     

深水开发中的海底管道和海洋立管

随着中国海洋石油天然气工业的发展,越来越多的油气资源在水深约500米的深水区被勘探和发现.不管用于处理的浮式装置采用什么类型,海底管道和海洋立管始终是海洋基础结构中的关键部分.本文探讨了在中国海域具有重大应用潜力的各种各样的管道和立管概念,重点论述了类型选择、工业标准、工程挑战、解决方案和海上安装.不同类型间进行了简单的对比,给出几个例子展示了所提出的概念.最后得出结论,某些管道和立管方案在中国的深水开发中是非常有潜力的和可行的.     

深水开发中的海底管道和海洋立管

随着中国海洋石油天然气工业的发展，越来越多的油气资源在水深约500米的深水区被勘探和发现。不管用于处理的浮式装置采用什么类型，海底管道和海洋立管始终是海洋基础结构中的关键部分。本文探讨了在中国海域具有重大应用潜力的各种各样的管道和立管概念，重点论述了类型选择、工业标准、工程彰眺、解决方案和海上安装。不同类型间进行了简单的对比，给出几个例子展示了所提出的概念。最后得出结论，某些管道和立管方案在中国的深水开发中是非常有潜力的和可行的。     

图像声纳在油气田气体泄漏监测中的应用

中国是海洋大国,这片蓝色疆土中有着丰富的资源,因此开发利用海洋资源对我国的可持续发展有着重大的意义。对海洋的探索已不仅仅只限于军事目的,也转向了民用目的,如海底资源开发、石油勘探、自动绘制海底地形地貌图等。油气田是海底开采石油、运输石油的大型民用项目,油气管道是在海底连续输送大量油气物质的密闭型联通容器。油气管道所输送的油气为有害的易燃易爆物质,一旦管道发生泄漏或断裂,会对其周围的环境和人员产生严重的后果,所以对油气田气体泄漏的监测成为一项关键技术,能够及时避免事故的发生。对处于深海的水下结构来说,监测气体泄漏的首选方法是水下声学监测,论文主要研究图像声纳在油气田气体泄漏监测中的应用。     

新型深水立管提升系统设计及展望

描述了深水油气开发中立管安装工艺、关键技术和分析方法。针对S型铺管船进行立管安装时存在的托管架难以靠近平台、张力转化复杂,水下操作多等难题,设计了一套全新的深水立管提升系统。该系统适用于1 500~3 000m水深处钢质悬链线立管(SCR)的安装,实现了S型铺管船在铺管完成后即能直接进行安装立管,减少了大型船舶的动复员,有效节约了成本。另外,这套深水立管提升系统通过改进也可用于安装其他管道上的结构物。     

海洋立管涡激振动特性研究综述

海洋油气田开发中,海洋立管是连接海上平台与海底油气生产系统的关键构件,常年承受风、浪、洋流等外部多流场载荷作用,不可避免地产生涡激振动（vortex induced vibration, VIV）,导致管道疲劳受损危害生产安全。随着开采水域不断加深,立管长径比也持续增大,VIV变得更加复杂,使得立管疲劳损伤风险加剧,海洋立管VIV成为海洋油气开发中亟待解决的工程难题。本文从半经验预测模型、VIV的多模态响应及三维特性、外部波浪作用的影响、内外流共同作用的影响、立管群的VIV特性以及VIV的抑制等方面阐述管道VIV的研究现状,最后对海洋立管尚待研究的问题进行展望。研究分析认为,大长径比下的立管多模态响应、管内多相流和外部波流耦合作用下的立管振动特性是未来研究工作的重点。     

中国船级社发布《海底管道系统规范》(2021)

8月30日,中国船级社(CCS)发布了新版《海底管道系统规范》(以下简称"规范").海底管道系统是海洋能源输送的大动脉,是连接水下井口、海上平台、陆地终端之间的重要设施,是海洋油气开发工程的生命线.     

海洋输油管道保温技术研究进展

从保温材料结构方面对其进行分类,并讨论了海洋管道保温结构的性能特点。保温材料主要包括实心保温材料、多孔结构保温材料及复合保温材料,其中空心微珠复合聚氨酯和聚丙烯是目前海底管道最主要的保温材料。管道保温结构主要包括管中管结构、单层保温配重管以及集束管系统。随着深海油气的开发,缠绕有保温带的保温复合软管将成为未来发展的方向。     

深水钢悬链线立管(SCR)安装分析研究

海管(立管)是海底生产系统和浮武装置之间的关键连接.随着海洋油气开发水深的不断增加,对海管(立管)自身以及辅助施工设备的性能都提出了更高要求,施工及正常作业的安全保证愈加重要.基于立管分析软件Orcaflex,针对项目中的SCR立管进行了安装分析,并依据规范进行应力、应变校核,可为深水安装分析及方案的确定提供一定的技术参考和理论支持.     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

复杂海况下工程船的锚泊方案设计

随着海上油气田的不断开发,海管和海缆等海底设施越来越多,海底情况更加复杂,工程船舶在复杂海况中的抛锚就位逐渐成为海上平台安装的最大风险点和难点。KJO油田是一个投产50多年的老油田,随着油田设施不断增加,该油田海底设施的密集程度超过任何一个国内油田。以"蓝疆号"在该油田中进行IWJ-6平台安装为例,介绍了锚泊的方案设计,可供以后类似工程借鉴和参考。     

海底管道腐蚀后的剩余强度评价

海底管道通常会因腐蚀而形成各种不同类型的缺陷,影响管道的承载能力和使用寿命。本研究在准确掌握管道缺陷发展情况的基础上,分别根据行业规范和采用有限元方法对海上油田含有腐蚀缺陷的原油管线进行剩余强度评价,判定海底管道修复的必要性和修复的紧迫程度,以确定最终的管线修复方案,可供类似海底管道修复工程参考。     

采用自动识别系统对水下输气管线、离岸平台和船舶检验评分的实时监测（英文）

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system(AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database,AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship's coordinates(longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system(EWS) relayed through short message service(SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel's four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state.Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

Real-time Monitoring of Subsea Gas Pipelines,Offshore Platforms,and Ship Inspection Scores Using an Automatic Identification System

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system (AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database, AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship’s coordinates (longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system (EWS) relayed through short message service (SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel’s four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state. Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.     

一种新型水下管道连接器的结构设计与优化(英文)

The basic configuration of a new type of subsea pipeline connector was proposed based on the press-fitting principle,and a parametric finite element model was created using APDL language in ANSYS.Combining the finite element model and optimization technology,the dimension optimization aiming at obtaining the minimum loading force and the optimum sealing performance was designed by the zero order optimization method.Experiments of the optimized connector were carried out.The results indicate that the optimum structural design significantly improved the indicators of the minimum loading force and sealing performance of the connector.     

海底管线电缆检测与维修装置通道研制

海底管线电缆检测与维修装置是一种能潜入海底进行管线检测和维修的多功能、新型特种海上装备,主要由主船体、甲板室和通道三部分组成.文章主要对通道部分结构的设计进行研究论证.     

深水抛石管强度分析与研究

水下抛石作为一种海底管道保护措施之一,在国内外海洋石油开发中已得到广泛应用,现已由浅水应用到深水。本文的研究目标落管抛石船为深水精确抛石作业船型,文章研究了深水抛石作业系统,确定总体落管抛石作业工艺流程,计算出系统中抛石管线的强度,比较了不同航速、水深下抛石管线的强度。后又研究了落管抛石水下机器人（ROV）在管线强度计算中产生的影响与作用,最终确定了这类船型在不同作业水深下的最大航速预报方法。