一种有限体积法三维港内粘性泥沙淤积模型研究

基于物理量守恒的有限体积法,建立了三维粘性泥沙运动及回淤数学模型。平面采用无结构三角形网格划分计算区域、拟合复杂海岸边界,垂向采用坐标变换技术,适应不平坦海底地形。以天津港港内泥沙回淤为例,模拟三维粘性泥沙的输运过程,得出了港内垂向分层潮流流场、垂向含沙量变化、淤积历程及淤积分布。结合实测地形资料对模型进行验证,为研究三维泥沙运动特性提供了一种新的方法。     

A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf

This paper describes the development and application of a 3-dimensional model of the barotropic and baroclinic circulation on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A previous study with a 2D barotropic model and field data revealed that several tidal constituents have a significant baroclinic component (the K1 in particular). Thus we embarked on another study with a 3D model to study the baroclinic effects on the residual and several selected tidal constituents.The 3D model uses a harmonic expansion in time and a finite element discretization in space. All nonlinear terms are retained, including quadratic bottom stress, advection and wave transport (continuity nonlinearity). The equations are solved as a global and a local problem, where the global problem is the solution of the wave equation formulation of the shallow water equations, and the local problem is the solution of the momentum equation for the vertical velocity profile. These equations are coupled to the advection-diffusion equation for density so that density gradient forcing is included in the momentum equations. However, the study presented here describes diagnostic calculations for the baroclinic residual circulation only.The model is sufficiently efficient that it encourages sensitivity testing with a large number of model runs. In this sense, the model is akin to an extension of analytical solutions to the domain of irregular geometry and bottom topography where this parameter space can be explored in some detail.In particular, the consequences of the sigma coordinate system used by the model are explored. Test cases using an idealized representation of the continental shelf, shelf break and shelf slope, lead to an estimation of the velocity errors caused by interpolation errors inherent in the sigma coordinate system. On the basis of these estimates, the computational grid used in the 2D model is found to have inadequate resolution. Thus a new grid is generated with increased accuracy in the region of the shelf break. However, even with increased resolution, spurious baroclinic circulation seaward of the shelf break and in the vicinity of Juan de Fuca canyon remained a significant problem when the pressure gradient terms were evaluated using the σ coordinate system and using a realistic density profile.With the new grid, diagnostic calculations of the barotropic and baroclinic residual circulation are performed using forcing from the observed σ_t (density) field and from the gradient of this field.     

深槽水域垂向二维水沙运动数值模拟

采用网格堵塞技术实现实际地形的模拟,采用有限体积法离散方程,采用SIMPLER算法求解耦合的速度场和压力场,并建立了沿宽度积分的垂向二维水流泥沙数学模型。将计算结果和试验资料进行对比,结果吻合良好。     

A 3D finite-element model of the Adriatic tides

A 3D finite-element numerical model is applied to the Adriatic Sea to simulate its tidal motions. This fully nonlinear model includes a free surface, very realistic topography, and an advanced turbulence closure. Comparison with available tidal elevations at coastal stations and with tidal ellipses at a few locations in the open sea demonstrates that the model simulations are highly accurate. The results are then used to determine the 3D distribution of the tidal residual currents.     

连云港港赣榆港区起步工程泥沙问题研究

泥沙问题是连云港港北翼的赣榆港区和航道建设的关键问题之一。文中在进行自然条件分析的基础上,利用MOHID二、三维潮流泥沙数学模型对该港区实施后的潮流场及港池、航道泥沙回淤进行了计算模拟,对不同工况潮流流态、航道横流及对周围海区影响范围进行了分析,不仅给出不同工况下港池和航道的年回淤值,还对9711号台风作用下港池和航道的骤淤情况进行了计算预报。综合以上研究成果,提出推荐方案。     

连云港港主体港区水交换三维数值模拟

利用基于有限体积法的三维海洋数值模型FVCOM,建立了连云港浅滩海域的三维潮流数值模型和对流扩散模型。运用对流扩散模型,对连云港港主体港区的保守物浓度进行三维模拟计算,并对港池的三维水交换特征进行分析。结果表明,港池口门处的水交换能力最强,并向港池底部逐渐减小,港池表、底层水交换能力差别很小,主体港区的平均滞留时间、半交换时间和冲洗时间分别约为13、5、84 d。     

台州港临海港区规划波浪潮流泥沙数学模型研究

文章研究了台州港临海港区规划围垦后的有关潮流泥沙问题。首先对该海区的自然条件进行了分析,而后使用二维波浪潮流泥沙数学模型研究手段对台州港规划围垦后的二维潮流场、泥沙场、地形冲淤变化进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明,从周围水沙环境的影响考虑,该港区规划围垦的方案是可行的。     

基于短期验潮资料的新建港区设计潮位确定方法*

在沿海港口工程中,确定设计潮位是一项重要的基础工作。对于新建港区,往往只有短期验潮资料,需要借助附近主港的长期验潮资料,采用短期同步差比法和相关分析法计算设计高、低水位,采用相关分析法和K值法计算极端高、低水位。研究判断潮汐性质相似性的定量指标以及基于多个计算结果的设计潮位确定方法。该方法应用于皮口港区总体规划中,为新建港区设计潮位的确定提供了参考。     

威海港乳山港区规划方案波浪潮流泥沙数值模拟研究

文章研究了乳山港区规划方案有关的潮流泥沙问题。首先分析了工程海域的自然条件,然后采用波浪潮流泥沙数学模型对乳山港区规划方案实施后的流场、航道淤积进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明,从周围水动力及泥沙环境考虑,该港区规划方案总体是可行的,但需注意拦门沙段航道淤积问题。     

连云港旗台防波堤工程二维潮流泥沙数值模拟

以连云港旗台防波堤为研究背景,基于非结构网格有限体积法建立二维潮流泥沙数学模型,研究旗台防波堤建成前后港区附近潮汐、潮流与悬移质含沙量的变化,以期为日后连云港港口开发建设提供技术支持。研究认为,旗台防波堤的建设完成后,港区内外潮汐特性基本不变;港区内潮流呈减弱趋势,防波堤口门处潮流增强,防波堤内侧港区形成明显的回流区域;港区外侧高含沙量水体向外海移动,港区内最大含沙量整体降低。     

Numerical determination of flushing time for stratified water bodies

It is often advantageous to model a semi-enclosed estuarine or coastal embayment (e.g. fish farms or tidal inlets, or typhoon shelters) as a separate system within a larger water body connected to the outer sea. The water quality of the system depends crucially on its flushing time—the average time of a particle in the system. The flushing time is governed by the barotropic and baroclinic tidal exchanges between the system and the outer sea. We describe herein a general method to determine systematically the flushing time of a stratified water body via a numerical tracer experiment. Numerical solution of the 3D flow and mass transport equations for many practical problems show that the tracer mass removal process depends on the physical topography and bathymetry, tidal range and the degree of stratification in the outer sea. Field application suggests that the tracer mass variation can be well approximated by a double-exponential decay curve that can be described by three flushing coefficients. Using a simple analytical two-segment model, the flushing coefficients can be given a clear physical interpretation, and the flushing time can be easily determined in terms of the coefficients. The method is illustrated by application to a number of tidal inlets in Hong Kong, in both the dry and wet season. The connection between the numerically determined flushing time and the traditional bulk flushing time obtained from salt-balance methods is established.     

Estimation of the response of a deeply immersed cylinder to the shock wave generated by an underwater explosion

The work presented in this paper is focused on the development of a simplified method to study the structural response of a deeply immersed cylinder subjected to the primary shock wave generated by an underwater explosion. The proposed analytical model is based on the string-on-foundation method initially developed by Hoo Fatt and Wierzbicki, who converted the two dimensional boundary value problem of a cylindrical shell to an equivalent one-dimensional problem of a plastic string on a plastic foundation. This method has already been extended by the authors to study the shock wave response of an unstiffened cylinder immersed in shallow water. The present work focuses on deep-immersed cylinders subjected to both high hydrostatic pressure and explosion shock wave. The elastic deformation energy of the cylinder under hydrostatic pressure is first calculated and used to determine the initial conditions of the dynamic problem. Cylinder deflection and plastic deformation energy are then calculated for various immersion depths. When confronted to numerical results, the proposed model appears to underestimate the increase of deflection and absorbed energy with the immersion depth. A thorough analysis of the results post-processed from Ls-Dyna/USA finite element simulations highlights a new mechanism which is due to the action of hydrostatic pressure that continues to push inward the immersed cylinder. In order to improve the analytical model, a correction factor on the hydrostatic pressure is introduced but it is finally concluded that a new mechanism dedicated to the late action of the hydrostatic pressure still needs to be developed.     

防城港码头工程前后潮流场的数值模拟

基于双时间层的有限差分方法(ADI),建立了水深平均二维浅水潮流数学模型,采用逆风格式和追赶法求解二维浅水方程,在对模型进行潮位验证和潮流验证的基础上,对防城港码头工程实施前后的潮流场进行了数值模拟研究。研究表明:该工程建设不会减少湾内纳潮量,不会对海域水动力学条件产生较大影响,只会对码头附近产生较小影响。     

洋浦港潮流场数值模拟

基于非结构网格下的有限体积法,运用SIMPLE算法和动量插值方法求解二维浅水方程,建立了河口潮流的水深平均二维浅水数学模型,在对模型进行大、中、小潮验证的基础上,对洋浦港LNG接收站码头工程实施前后的潮流场进行了数值模拟研究。研究表明:建设LNG码头前后海域的流场没有明显的变化,对附近海域潮流运动的影响很小。     

基于多层次模糊综合评价的河口港建港条件研究

港口建港条件评价是一项系统工程,从自然条件、技术条件、经济条件、城市港口及区域条件、社会及环境条件等5个方面进行评价。河口港建港条件的评价,既要符合一般港口的规律,也要考虑河口港的具体特点,取舍或重点突出某些对建港条件影响大的因素,形成合理的评价指标体系和评判标准。由于港口评价需要决策的目标多,模糊性强,对拟建港址建港条件的优劣做出准确的评判十分困难。文中采用系统工程的方法,把多目标决策技术中的模糊数学理论与层次分析方法结合起来,提出了河口港建港条件的多层次模糊综合评判模型。并以广州南沙港为例进行实证分析,研究情况与工程实际吻合较好,该项分析方法对今后类似工程评价具有良好的适应性。     

海龙湾二维潮流场数值模拟

建立了平面二维潮流场模型,采用MADI有限差分方法进行离散求解,利用动边界处理边滩以及心滩随水位升降产生的边界变动问题,对工程海域的潮流场进行数值模拟,并采用两套网格计算方案、使用加密网格,深入进行潮流场的研究分析。验证结果表明,计算的潮位和潮流过程与实测过程吻合较好,为海龙湾工程开发利用提供了科学依据。     

港口连续卸船机结构有限元分析中的模型旋转技术研究

针对某系列港口连续卸船机,结合MSC.Patran前后处理器和MSC.Acumen平台实现了该系列卸船机有限元分析的前处理,并将模型旋转方法应用于卸船机有限元分析中,借助该方法从基本模型旋转产生各种工况需要的计算模型,设定载荷和工况后进行批处理分析,避免了手工分析大量重复的前处理工作。     

基于CATIA的三维船舶静水力计算研究

传统的基于二维插值的近似计算船舶静水力性能的方法在精度上有不可避免的劣势,且操作也较为繁琐。提出了一种基于船舶三维实体模型计算静水力性能的方法,该方法脱离了二维插值,以三维实体模型为基础进行计算。在CATIA平台环境下,通过制作船舶三维实体模型,再应用VB对CATIA进行功能上的二次开发来编制船舶静水力计算程序,从而实现自动提取实体模型信息,并应用这些信息进行静水力计算。最后,通过一个算例证明了该方法的易于操作性和计算可靠性。     

船舶操纵模拟器上海洋山港港区三维视景仿真

针对船舶操纵模拟中的三维视景仿真的特点,开展船舶操纵模拟器中关于上海洋山港港区三维视景仿真的研究。以Google Earth提供的电子地形图像为基础,经过等高线和矢量化方法的处理,生成数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM),并利用Multigen Creator建立直观的上海洋山港港区三维地形模型,再利用Vega的三维视景渲染功能对其进行渲染和驱动。根据该方法建立的上海洋山港港区三维视景模型库在模型精细度、逼真度和实时运算等方面,都能满足船员实操练习所需的条件。     

洋山深水港北侧围垦工程潮流泥沙数值模拟研究*

为进一步完善洋山深水港的各项配套功能,港区北侧将通过围垦工程建设具有综合服务功能的物流园区。围垦工程将引起小洋山岛周围海域潮流及泥沙运动发生变化。为解决开发建设的一系列潮流泥沙技术难题,在充分掌握海域潮流泥沙运动特性的基础上,采用Mike21中的FM三角形网格和动边界技术建立平面二维潮流数学模型,模拟研究规划方案建设引起的潮流场变化,计算分析各围垦规划方案引起的潮流变化及泥沙冲淤幅度,论证规划方案的可行性。