Stress Field Analysis of Carburized Specimen and Its Numerical Simulation

IntroductionCarburiZingiswidelyaPPiedheattre8boellttechnologyinindustry.Duringcarburizing,acasewithcarboncontellthigherthanthatofthecoreisformd;andaftethecarburzedmachinepwtbeingquenched,sdsehardenedlayeconsistedmainlyofmartensite,aswellasresidualstfOssfieldappearinit.Theresidua1stressfieldofcarburizedsteelanditsinfluenceonfatiguestrengthhavebeenstudiedexPerimenally["'],whilefewrePortscanbefoundaboatnumericalsimulationofresidualstressfieldincarburizedsPecmenaswellasitsinstataneousstressdist…     

Finite Differential Method Simulation on Temperature Field in Process of Laser Quenching

IntroductionInfieldoflasertreatment,laserquenchofmetalmaterialsisanimportantcourse.ItisahotspotinresearchoflaserquenchtocalculatetemperaturedistributionandtosimulatethecoursebymeansofcomputerThecalculationandanalogyisnotonlyabasistoca1culateinnerstressdistributionoflaserquenching,butalsoafoundationtooptimizelaserquenchingtechnologyandtocontrolquenchingcourse.Therearemanymethodstocalculatetemperature,suchasfiniteelementmethod(FEM),finitedifferentialmethod(FDM)andsoon.Accordingtodifferentpedi…     

White Layer of Hard Turned Surface by Sharp CBN Tool

IntroductionHard turning has been recognized as one of themost competitive clean machining technologies inreplacing of abrasive-based processes, with the de-velopment of high precision numerical machinetools and super-hardness tool material such as ce-ramic, CBN/PCBN (Cubic Boron Nitride/Poly-crystalline Cubic Boron Nitride)[1,2]. Hard turningoperation has shown geometrical flexibility, eco-nomics advantage, environmental friendliness, andsuperior surface integrity which is usually define…     

Computer modeling and validations of steel gear heat treatment processes using commercial software DANTE

The heat treatment process of a gear made of AISI 9310 carburized steel is modeled using the commercial heat treatment simulation software DANTE. Both carburization and quenching processes affect the residual stress distribution and distortion of heat-treated parts, which are important to service quality and fatigue life. DANTE/VCARB is used to design the boost/diffuse schedule of a vacuum carburization process. Oil quenching is modeled following the vacuum carburization process. Thermal gradient and phase transformation are two main sources of distortion and residual stresses in quenched parts. The relation of the carbon distribution, thermal gradient, and phase transformations during quenching is studied through the gear modeling example. Because of geometry, the residual stress distribution after quenching is non-uniform along the gear surface. In general, the root fillet has higher residual compression than either the root or tooth face locations after traditional oil quenching of carburized gears. The predicted residual stresses from the oil quenching model are imported into a single tooth fatigue bending model. The gear stresses under bending load indicate the possible cracking locations during the bending fatigue test. The importance of heat treatment residual stresses during gear design is pointed out, and it is commonly ignored in the gear design and manufacturing industry.     

Modelling of high speed gas quenching

1ntroductionGaswimpfobe,usuallynitrOgen,mandheiumatposuresOfuPtO60barhasbousedinvacmbosfOrSendywtanditScharWshcsforbds-ofCOInNarewe1knOWUIl].More~theuseofgasq-aPPliedtOs~orsinglelayereOfCOmwtthawereheandindsvacuumorCOnwtalatmOSPherbohasboPrOpond(2l.TOathaatetheedtOCOOtheboacestruCtUrasweIIastheCOIntwIkeSechquesOboinvolvethetrareferOftheNttobeqMtoa~allydeaignedcoklchfortsl.6as~of~peinndsngmaybosoaS~the-ofbo'bds-Oha'pesstwfOr'juSb~'manwt.Unlikliquldbased~antS,gaswiiscleannO…     

足尺沥青混凝土路面加速加载动力响应

采用足尺沥青混凝土路面加速加载试验设备,检测了移动车辆荷载下路面结构的动力响应,分析了面层底部的动应变和土基顶竖向压应力,研究了车辆轴重、行驶速度和轮胎胎压对路面结构动力响应的影响,分别建立了动力响应与轴重、车速的回归模型,在不同轴重、车速和胎压下对4种路面结构进行了试验。分析结果表明:在行车荷载作用下,面层底部应变响应呈拉压应变交变状态;在中等试验温度条件下,面层底部应变响应随轴重的增加而线性增加,土基顶竖向压应力呈单向应力状态,且随轴重增加而增大;车速显著影响面层底部应变响应,但对竖向压应力影响不大,仅影响应力的脉冲持续时间;随车速增加,应力脉冲时间缩短,面层底部应变响应减小;重载车辆在低速行车时对路面的破坏作用更严重,但胎压对面层底部应变和土基顶竖向压应力影响较小。     

滑动摩擦副表面强化工艺措施对比试验

采用MPX-2000盘销式摩擦磨损试验机,对调质处理、高频淬火处理、软氮化处理、硬氮化处理、激光淬火处理5种滑动摩擦副表面强化工艺措施进行了表面抗咬合性能和表面耐磨损性能对比试验．试验研究结果表明,激光淬火处理和软氮化处理工艺对滑动摩擦副表面强化效果好与较好,可用于高速重载且重要的零部件表面强化．硬氮化处理工艺表面强化效果中等,可用于中等载荷条件下零件表面强化．调质处理工艺对滑动摩擦副表面强化效果较差,可用于载荷较小的非重要零部件表面强化．高频淬火处理工艺试件的抗咬合能力差,不宜采用．     

Mechanical properties of asphalt pavement structure in highway tunnel

A linear full 3D finite element method （FEM） was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles. The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer, the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer were calculated. The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight; asphalt layer thickness; base course stiffness modulus and thickness; and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.     

钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触应力

用有限元法建立了钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触计算模型，分析钢轨材料屈服强度对钢轨残余应力和应变的影响．模型中考虑了钢轨的几何形状和边界条件，通过在钢轨表面反复施加移动赫兹法向压力和切向力模拟车轮的反复滚动作用．结果表明：最大等效塑性应变和剪应变均发生在钢轨接触表面，此处易萌生裂纹；钢轨接触表面附近材料塑性变形流线趋势与现场观测到的裂纹方向一致；钢轨材料屈服强度越高，材料的累积塑性变形越小，钢轨的最大残余应力越接近于表面．     

Computer Prediction on Stress Distribution During Laser Quenching

IntroductionInprocessofindustry,theproblemscoupIedwiththermaIandfOrceareusuaIIymet.LaserqueIlchinginvolvingphasetransformationisoneofthem.HowtosetupafitmatheInatica1modeltosimulatetl1elaserquenchingprocessandhowtocalculateandanalyzenumericallythestresgdistributionarefolIowedwithinterestbymanyresearchersIl'2'3J.Thoseeffol'tsareimportanttooPtilnizethetechnologyparametersandprovideareliablebasisforimprovingthesyntheticallymechanicspropertiesandtheuseagesofmaterials.Alongwithdevelopmentofcomp…     

FEM-BEM Coupling for the Modelling of Induction Heating Processes Including Moving Parts

IntroductiollAnyelectricalconductorplacedinatime-varyingmagneticfieldistheseatofeddycurrentsthatdissipatepowerthroughJouleeffect.ThispowerisconcentratedinthesurfaceofthecomPonent,inaverysmallthicknesswhichdependsontheelectricalconductivityandmagneticpermeabilityofthematerial,butalsoonthefrequencyofthecurrents.Inductionhardeningprocessestakeadvantageofthiseffectbecauseitthereforepossibletocontrolthethicknessofthetreatedlayer.InductionhardeningofsteelcomPonentsisrealisedintwosteps.First,anindu…     

风沙冲蚀下钢结构涂层的界面应力与破坏准则

为表征和评价风沙冲蚀作用下钢结构涂层界面结合强度，以西北地区风沙流特征为背景，利用接触力学和界面力学理论建立了在风沙冲蚀作用下钢结构涂层的界面应力表达式.结合断裂力学理论和有限元分析方法，确定了钢结构涂层的界面起裂位置.在起裂位置处建立了考虑压应力影响的界面应力破坏准则.研究结果表明：当冲蚀角度为30°和60°时，最大界面剪应力分别位于冲蚀点前侧200 mm和180 mm处，最大界面压应力分别位于冲蚀点前侧100 mm和50 mm处，涂层界面的起裂位置为最大界面剪应力处.风沙冲蚀作用下涂层的界面应力破坏准则与莫尔-库伦强度准则相似，斜率的大小取决于沙粒的冲蚀角度，且当冲蚀角度为30°和60°时，斜率大小分别为-0.599和-0.467.     

三维弹塑性轮轨滑动接触热机耦合分析

为提高轮轨滑动接触热响应分析的准确性,基于Johnson-Cook材料模型,充分考虑含摩擦因数在内多种材料属性的温度相关性、3种热传递方式和轮轨实际廓形,建立了全比例三维弹塑性轮轨滑动接触有限元模型,采用完全耦合法对滑动接触状态下的轮轨进行热机耦合分析;研究了车轮以1 m·s-1速度沿钢轨滑行0.1 s时的轮轨温度场和应力场分布特性,分析了轴重、相对滑动速度对轮轨接触区温度场的影响,得到了热影响层深度、热影响层宽度、轮轨表层温度随轴重、相对滑动速度的变化关系。分析结果表明:轮轨最大等效应力发生在次表层接触斑中心处,车轮表层最高温度发生在接触斑后半部分中心处,车轮表层最高温度为848 ℃,钢轨表层最高温度为768 ℃,钢轨表层最高温度低于车轮表层最高温度;轮轨热影响层很薄,车轮热影响层深度约为4.22 mm,钢轨热影响层深度约为3 mm;轮轨热影响层深度随轴重增大无明显变化,而宽度随轴重的增大而增大,轮轨热影响层深度随相对滑动速度的增大而减小,而宽度随相对滑动速度增大无明显变化,轮轨表层温度随轴重和相对滑动速度的增大而增大,且相对滑动速度对轮轨热响应影响更大。全比例三维弹塑性轮轨滑动接触有限元模型及热机完全耦合法能够更加准确地预测轮轨滑动接触热响应,对合理开展轮轨热损伤和热疲劳研究具有重要意义。      

弹性车轮压装过程仿真计算

建立包含橡胶件的弹性车轮有限元模型,基于Abaqus软件仿真模拟弹性车轮组装过程.分析橡胶材料的力学特性,采用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型模拟其超弹性特性,考虑橡胶件大变形且不可压缩特性,建立多个接触关系和变步长反复迭代方法以保证计算收敛和缩减计算规模,研究压装过程各部件应力变化情况.仿真结果显示:压装完成后弹性车轮整体最大von-Mises应力为129.1 MPa,出现在压环与轮心过盈配合面处;最大径向应力为143.3 MPa,出现在轮心辐板圆弧过渡处.压装完成后弹性橡胶件最大von-Mises应力为8.1 MPa,径向应力均处于压缩状态.压装完成后轮毂与橡胶接触面应力在边缘位置处较大,轮缘侧应力略大于另一侧,且边缘位置应力大于中心位置处应力3倍.压装过程中轮心辐板位置最大应力随压装进行逐渐变小,最大应力位置逐渐靠近辐板厚度较薄的圆弧过渡处.压装应力作为车轮运营过程中的预应力.     

花岗质侵入岩地层隧址区的初始地应力场反演分析

火山隧道隧址区地层主要以花岗闪长岩侵入砂、泥岩分布,隧道轴线穿越花岗质侵入岩附近,岩性变化剧烈,地应力分布复杂.利用地应力实测数据反分析侵入岩体区域初始地应力场分布规律以对设计、施工提供理论指导.根据火山隧道地勘资料建立三维数值模型,基于现场水压致裂法实测原位地应力数据,采用多元线性回归法反演得到工程区域初始地应力场,...     

热力耦合作用下拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道岩爆预测

热力耦合作用是高温高地应力隧道岩爆预测中一个新的问题.在新建拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道开挖过程中,利用现场温度测试数据反演并得到隧道不同埋深时的地温,通过热力耦合数值模拟计算得到隧道开挖过程中的洞周应力变化规律,利用卢森、陶振宇、王元汉、樊建平4种岩爆判据对隧道不同温区、不同洞周应力释放率的岩爆发生烈度和岩爆范围进行预测,最后将预测结果与现场岩爆进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:桑珠岭隧道地温梯度为5.5℃/100 m,隧道埋深越大地温越高;在以自重应力场为主的深埋段,最大压应力集中在拱顶和拱脚部位;在45~85℃地温区间,洞周最大切向应力和最大主应力随应力释放率增大而线性增长,当洞周应力释放率为100%时,其增加量分别为84~96 MPa、93~96 MPa,同时岩爆烈度等级也相应增加;判据预测与现场实测的比对表明,高温热力耦合作用在应力释放过程中加速了岩爆发生,在应力释放率前期,陶振宇判据对中等及以上岩爆的发生更加敏感,而在应力释放中后期王元汉判据与实测结果的相似度更为一致.      

钢板喷丸处理残余应力场和表面粗糙度数值模拟

为了揭示钢板喷丸处理后残余应力场以及表面粗糙度的分布规律,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了多丸模型,模拟了铸铁丸对桥梁用钢Q345钢板的喷射过程,对比分析了冲击速度、冲击次数和弹丸直径对喷丸后钢板水平向残余应力沿板厚的分布以及表面粗糙度的影响.研究结果表明,随着冲击速度、冲击次数以及弹丸直径的增加,残余压应力有均匀化的趋势,并且分布范围逐渐向厚度方向发展,同时表面粗糙度也随之逐渐增大.根据表面粗糙度随冲击次数的变化规律,建议采用对数函数来表示二者的关系,并给出了弹丸直径为1.4 mm情况下表面粗糙度值与喷丸速度和冲击次数的相互关系.      

旋转场作用下Sm-Co/α-Fe双层膜体系的反转特性

以微磁学理论为基础采用三维动力学模型研究了交换耦合硬/软磁双层膜体系的旋转特性;研究结果表明:体系的磁结构表现出了非常丰富的形式,不同的反转机制相应于不同的磁结构。且硬磁层的不可逆反转场较之硬磁层单独存在时要小的多。     

Calculation of Temperature Field During Laser Transformation Hardening of Cylindrical Bodies

IntroductionLaserTransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindustryformanyyears.AlotsoftheoreticalworkshasbeendoneforheatflowduringthelasertfansformationhardeningofflatworkPieces["].Cyindricalbodiesarewidelyusedinindustrysuchaslocomotivecrankshaft,steelrollervalyeseat,enginecyinder.IftheschcesoftheseworkPiecesaretreatedbylasertheirwearresistancewiIIimProvealot.UptillnowmanyexPerimentalworkshasbeendoneforlasertransformationhardeningofcyindricalbodies,butfewtheoreticalworkshav…     

土基压应变敏感性分析

路表弯沉并不能完全反映土基顶面压应变,在路面结构设计中必需要重视土基顶面压应变的状态。鉴于此,采用典型路面结构,分析各结构层参数的变化对土基顶面压应变和土基内部压应变的影响,以为沥青路面结构设计提供参考。