基于小波变换自适应数字图像水印算法

阐述了图像数字水印和小波变换的基本原理,通过对小波基、分解级数、小波系数选择及人类视觉掩蔽特性等的分析,提出了一种基于小波变换自适应图像数字水印算法．通过剪切、加噪、滤波、锐化、模糊等几种常用攻击技术对算法进行了测试,实验结果表明该算法具有较强的鲁棒性．     

基于GPGPU的快速医学图像FCM分割算法

由于医学图像生成容易受到空间时间影响,噪声较大,具有不确定性,传统的硬分割方法很难取得理想的分割结果.模糊分类技术能很好地处理医学图像中的不确定性,却由于计算量大不能保证实时性.灰度统计方法和通用计算图形处理器技术的引入,保证了初始聚类中心的准确性.又由于模糊C均值聚类算法是可并行的,将其改进并在图形处理器上完成计算,降低了算法迭代次数和计算时间,保证了实时性.实验结果表明,使用该方法对医学图像分割得到了良好的结果.     

道路交通噪音的模糊综合评判

结合人体健康特性和交通噪音特点建立了交通噪音评价体系。运用综合评价方法首先对各因素进行了评价,之后对所有相关因素进行了综合评价。     

Saliency motivated pulse coupled neural network for underwater laser image segmentation

The detection range of underwater laser imaging technology achieves 4—6 times of detection range of conventional camera in intervening water medium, which makes it very promising in oceanic research, deep sea exploration and robotic works. However, the special features in underwater laser images, such as speckle noise and non-uniform illumination, bring great difficulty for image segmentation. In this paper, a novel saliency motivated pulse coupled neural network(SM-PCNN) is proposed for underwater laser image segmentation. The pixel saliency is used as external stimulus of neurons. For improvement of convergence speed to optimal segmentation, a gradient descent method based on maximum two-dimensional Renyi entropy criterion is utilized to determine the dynamic threshold. On the basis of region contrast in each iteration step, the real object regions are effectively distinguished,and the robustness against speckle noise and non-uniform illumination is improved by region selection. The proposed method is compared with four other state-of-the-art methods which are watershed, fuzzy C-means, meanshift and normalized cut methods. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method to allow more accurate segmentation and higher robustness.     

自适应Volterra混合噪声图像滤波

采用更接近实际的随机值脉冲噪声对混合噪声图像中的脉冲噪声部分进行描述,基于自适应Volterra滤波方法,提出了一种能够有效去除图像混合噪声的LMSV滤波算法．在此基础上,针对LMS算法收敛速度慢,步长因子不易确定的特点,提出了一种改进的自适应Volterra图像滤波算法（NLMSV算法）．理论分析和计算机仿真实验表明,相比于传统的图像去噪方法,本文方法在去除图像混合噪声和保留图像边缘细节方面的性能要明显优于其他算法,并且图像受污染率越高,该方法表现出的性能越好．     

基于局部模糊熵的图像过渡区提取算法

为了提高图像过渡区提取算法的抗噪声性能，对基于局部熵的图像过渡区算法加以改进，提出了基于局部模糊熵的图像过渡区算法．该算法充分利用局部模糊熵区分过渡区与目标区（或背景区）性质的差异，更为有效地提取出图像中的过渡区．仿真实验结果表明，这两种算法在图像含有椒盐噪声的情况下都能有效提取过渡区，但在图像含有高斯噪声的情况下，采用本文算法比采用基于局部熵的图像过渡区算法提取的过渡区更为准确．     

基于邻域相关的自适应中值滤波算法

为改善图像效果,在对现有的椒盐噪声自适应中值滤波算法分析的基础上,提出了基于邻域相关的自适应中值偏移滤波算法。算法对自适应中值滤波算法的处理过程进行改进。当滤波窗口大于设定的最大值时,根据像素点邻域内的像素点灰度值分布在不同的区间,将像素点灰度值的复原分为偏大或偏小两种情况。受污染像素点的滤波输出值为偏移的中值,偏移的距离根据改进的自适应中值滤波算法运行时滤波窗口的大小来决定。从仿真结果可见:该算法滤波后的图像具有较高的峰值信噪比,对图像细节的保留能力和抑制椒盐噪声的能力都有一定的提高。     

基于噪声强度估计的中值滤波

为了提高中值滤波器的滤波性能和适应不同强度的椒盐噪声,提出了基于噪声强度估计的中值滤除算法.该算法通过椒盐噪声密度估计确定图像中的噪声强度的大小,然后根据噪声强度选择相应的滤波器及参数.计算机仿真实验结果表明:该算法能对未知噪声强度的退化图像在较短的时间内有效地去除噪声的同时,较好地保护图像细节.     

Improved Kernel Possibilistic Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Based on Invasive Weed Optimization

Fuzzy c-means(FCM) clustering algorithm is sensitive to noise points and outlier data, and the possibilistic fuzzy c-means(PFCM) clustering algorithm overcomes the problem well, but PFCM clustering algorithm has some problems: it is still sensitive to initial clustering centers and the clustering results are not good when the tested datasets with noise are very unequal. An improved kernel possibilistic fuzzy c-means algorithm based on invasive weed optimization(IWO-KPFCM) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm first uses invasive weed optimization(IWO) algorithm to seek the optimal solution as the initial clustering centers, and introduces kernel method to make the input data from the sample space map into the high-dimensional feature space. Then, the sample variance is introduced in the objection function to measure the compact degree of data. Finally, the improved algorithm is used to cluster data. The simulation results of the University of California-Irvine(UCI) data sets and artificial data sets show that the proposed algorithm has stronger ability to resist noise, higher cluster accuracy and faster convergence speed than the PFCM algorithm.     

Damage Detection for Simply Supported Bridge with Bending Fuzzy Stiffness Consideration

The benchmark of a simply supported beam with damage and bending fuzzy stiffness consideration is established to be utilized for damage detection. The explicit expression describing the Rotational Angle Influence Lines (RAIL) of the arbitrary section in the benchmark is presented as the nonlinear relation between the moving load and the RAIL appeared, when the moving load is located on the damage area. The damage detection method is derived based on the Difference of the RAIL Curvature (DRAIL-C) prior to and following arbitrarily section damage in a simply supported beam with bending fuzzy stiffness consideration. The results demonstrate that the damage position can be located by the DRAIL-C graph and the damage extent can be calculated by the DRAIL-C curve peak. The simply supported box girder as a one-dimensional model and the simply supported truss bridge as a three-dimensional model with the bending fuzzy stiffness are simulated for the validity of the proposed method to be verified. The measuring point position and noise intensity effects are discussed in the simply supported box girder example. This paper provides a new consideration and technique for the damage detection of a simply supported bridge with bending fuzzy stiffness consideration.     

基于云模糊理论的图像纹理分割

为了处理图像纹理的模糊性和随机性,基于云模糊理论提出了纹理特征矢量云模型,并成功地应用于纹理图像分割.该方法在对纹理统计描述符模糊化处理后,逆向生成纹理特征矢量云.矢量云模型的数字特征能够很好地表达纹理的模糊性和随机性,据此通过云距离计算及纹理特征矢量云生长,完成对图像纹理的分割.实验结果表明,该方法较经典的ISODATA算法和K-means簇算法的分割精度高,并且迭代收敛速度快.     

基于AMFNN的非线性噪声消除器

提出基于加乘性模糊神经网络(AMFNN)的非线性噪声消除器，讨论了AMFNN模型和学习算法及其通用逼近性．该消除器利用AMFNN逼近噪声，然后从测量信号中消去噪声即得到有用信号．该噪声消除器具有神经网络分布式并行信息处理能力、较好的容错性和鲁棒性以及除噪性能．     

图像分块下的隧道裂缝识别方法

针对隧道衬砌表面不均匀光照、渗水和噪声等强视觉干扰,设计了基于图像分块的隧道衬砌裂缝检测算法;根据中国西部地区的地理特征和隧道衬砌的外观病害,研制开发出一种快速、自动化的非接触式智能隧道结构物外观检测系统; 以非均匀光照下隧道图像数据集为研究对象,在图像分块的基础上提出一种适用于隧道裂缝特征提取的图像识别算法;研究了电子元件产生的噪声,并分析和总结了隧道衬砌的灾害特征;根据裂缝特征和分辨率将图像矩阵划分为适当数量的区域块,根据区域块的灰度特征将原始图像划分为目标背景区、目标病害区、病害背景区和其他区域,通过最大类间方差法和局部阈值法分割得到了隧道裂缝的粗图像,在此基础上进行了粗图像裂缝特征提取;对原始图像的每个区域块进行了对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡操作和局部阈值分割,得到了细节图像;将细节图像和粗图像的重叠区域设为理想裂缝二值化图像;结合隧道结构物外观检测系统对不同方向的裂缝图像进行了二值化试验,并通过隧道裂缝定位和投影法得到了隧道衬砌图像中裂缝的位置信息和方向。研究结果表明:提出的算法对隧道裂缝识别的准确值、召回率和F值可分别达90.34%、98.78%和94.37%,既可以保证隧道裂缝的完整性,也可以在非均匀光照下最大程度地保留目标裂缝的细节,可用于处理一般灰度图像的二值化问题。      

一种基于稀疏表示的交通图像去噪算法

将图像稀疏表示方法引入到交通图像处理中,实现了一种基于K-SVD的正交匹配追踪的交通图像去噪算法.该算法通过奇异值分解,DCT字典进行自适应更新,形成更能表示图像结构的超完备字典.实验结果表明,相对于传统图像增强方法(中值滤波、均值滤波、基于小波滤波)和基于DCT冗余字典的稀疏表示图像增强方法,该算法能更有效地去除交通图像噪声,得到更高的峰值信噪比.     

HIERARCHICAL CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL

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基于改进Retinex的城市交通图像增强

为提高在雾霾天气条件下获取的城市交通图像的对比度和清晰度,本文提出了一种基于引导滤波平滑约束和分数阶积分的改进Retinex的图像增强方法.Retinex理论把一幅图像视为照射分量与反射分量乘积的形式.首先,利用引导滤波作为Retinex算法的目标函数的平滑约束项,通过最小化该目标函数获取照射分量;反射分量为原始图像与照射分量的比值,其主要体现图像的局部细节,对反射分量进行分数阶积分掩膜,在去除噪声干扰的同时保留图像的细节信息;最后,将处理后的反射分量与照射分量相乘,得到最终的增强图像.实验结果表明,本文方法在图像平滑和细节保持方面得到了很好的平衡,有效地提高了雾霾天气条件下城市交通图像的对比度和清晰度,使得增强后的图像更加真实自然.     

Technique based on image pyramid and bayes rule for noise reduction in unsupervised change detection

In this paper, a technique based on image pyramid and Bayes rule for reducing noise effects in unsupervised change detection is proposed. By using Gaussian pyramid to process two multitemporal images respectively, two image pyramids are constructed. The difference pyramid images are obtained by point-by-point subtraction between the same level images of the two image pyramids. By resizing all difference pyramid images to the size of the original multitemporal image and then making product operator among them, a map being similar to the difference image is obtained. The difference image is generated by point-by-point subtraction between the two multitemporal images directly. At last, the Bayes rule is used to distinguish the changed pixels. Both synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. Experimental results show that the map from the proposed technique is more robust to noise than the difference image.     

Novel Blind Robust Watermarking Based on Chaotic Mixing

This paper proposed a novel blind robust watermarking scheme. Multi-bits watermark is embedded in the chaotic mixed image blocks. Energy of the watermark is spread to all region of the blocks instead of some individual pixels, which entitles the watermark with imperceptibility and high robustness. A class of 1-D Markov chaotic maps is employed to perform image block mixing and watermark encryption ensures security of the system.To prove the validity of this proposed scheme, some objective comparisons with the popular spread spectrum scheme were also presented. The simulation results show that this scheme can survive processing such as high-ratio JPEG compression, Gaussian noise pollution and histogram equalization.     

关于城市交通噪声对居民影响的综合评价

基于模糊综合评价方法而建立的关于噪声对居民影响的评价模型,可从交通噪声的实测值和居民对噪声的反应两方面进行评价。相关实例表明,该模型能更为全面地反映噪声对居民的实际影响程度,有助于人们采取有效的措施,以减少噪声对居民的影响。     

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车辆无人驾驶是智能交通系统的一个重要部分,其目标是开发在高速公路和城市道路环境下的辅助驾驶系统,旨在帮助乃至取代驾驶员,实现车辆自动控制和自动驾驶,减少交通事故发生,提高道路交通系统的效率,因此提出了一种基于机器视觉和模糊控制实现智能车辆自主行驶的方法. 该方法以CMOS摄像头为路径识别传感器,通过图像分析提取车道中心线,并引入速度反馈,形成闭环控制,建立一个由两个模糊控制器组成的分级模糊控制器控制车辆转向,并使用模糊控制代替传统的PID速度控制来控制速度. 和常规的PID算法及模糊控制算法相比,改进的模糊控制算法使智能车在道路上更快速、平稳地运行,并且在转弯处的超调更小.