基于AHP法的江苏省高速公路绿色服务区评价体系研究

绿色服务区的构建是服务区发展的转型升级和发展趋势,是节约能源和生态发展的必然要求。本文针对江苏省高速公路绿色服务区的特点,对绿色服务区改造技术方案的总结,分别从节水、节地、节能、节材及环境保护等方面构建绿色服务区评价体系,并确定其一级指标、二级指标权重,将其指标量化,从而为绿色服务区等级进行划分,为高速公路绿色服务区评价提供参考。     

新常态下高速公路服务区经营管理模式探索——以福建贡川高速公路服务区为例

新常态背景下,公路管理部门传统通行费收入逐渐饱和,作为高速公路服务体系重要组成部分的高速公路服务区同样面临着转型发展的迫切需求。本文在梳理国内外高速公路服务区经营管理模式的基础上,结合国内高速公路服务区经营模式现状,将国内外高速公路服务区经营模式进行对比,在此基础上总结出对我国高速公路服务区发展的启示。并以福建省三明市贡川高速公路服务区规划建设为例,从服务区的布局模式、产业模式、运营模式、管理模式和盈利模式等方面进行了高速公路服务区经营管理新模式建设的探讨。研究一方面丰富了新常态背景下我国高速公路服务区经营管理模式的理论基础,另一方面,也为国内其他地区高速公路服务区的转型发展提供借鉴参考。     

基于开放式理念的高速公路服务区与旅游融合发展业态开发研究

为加速推进服务区的休闲化、景区化进程,推动服务区升级改造,重构服务区业态,逐步增加旅游服务功能,探索将服务区打造成旅游目的地,本文依据国内外关于开放式理念的研究进展,结合“服务区+旅游”融合发展的现状和内涵特征,提出基于开放式理念的“服务区+旅游”概念,通过借鉴旅游业态和产品划分标准,梳理总结“服务区+旅游”新业态特征,提出基于产业开发、新技术整合、特色产品开发、时间规划和智慧交通开发五大“服务区+旅游”业态类型,再从产业融合和“交通+旅游”的角度出发,系统提出“服务区+旅游”融合发展新业态清单。     

广西高速公路服务区经营管理效益“双提升”的对策建议

文章分析了广西高速公路服务区经营管理过程中存在的现实问题,介绍了浙江省、江苏省和重庆市等地方高速公路服务区发展模式和成功经验,总结了其对广西高速公路服务区经营管理的有益启示,并结合实际情况,提出了有助于实现广西高速公路服务区经营效益和社会效益"双提升"的对策建议。     

江苏省高速公路服务区考察调研报告

介绍了江苏省高速公路服务区的建设特点、管理模式,并对山东省高速公路服务区提出了进一步改进措施及建议.     

政策法规

正我国将提升公路交通旅游功能7月18日,交通运输部联合国家旅游局等6家单位发布关于促进交通运输与旅游融合发展的若干意见,目标到2020年,基本建成结构合理、功能完善、特色突出、服务优良的旅游交通运输体系。意见提出,推动高速公路服务区向交通、生态、旅游、消费等复合功能型服务区转型升级。结合地方特色因     

高速公路服务区停车位计算参数探析

文章分析了高速公路服务区规模与停车位的关系,介绍了停车位计算模型,并结合江西省高速公路服务区的实地调查情况,对交通量、驶入率、周转率及高峰率等服务区停车位计算参数进行了计算分析,得出了高速公路服务区停车位计算参数值。     

关于提升高速公路服务区服务品质措施的建议

高速公路服务区是高速公路的重要组成部分,是连接人与路的纽带,也是体现高速公路服务品质的有效载体。高速公路服务区服务品质的提升直接反映高速公路整体服务水平的增强。本文从三个方面对如何提升我国高速公路服务区服务品质进行了探讨。首先,对世界主要地区和我国高速公路服务区服务品质概况进行了描述。其次,对我国服务区服务品质方面存在的主要问题进行了分析。最后,结合分析结论从生态环保、信息服务、经济发展、人性化服务和政策标准五个方面提出了提升我国服务区服务品质的措施及建议。希望为高速公路服务区规划、设计、建设、运营和管理提供参考。     

厌氧短程硝化污水处理技术研究

文章结合广西境内的高速公路服务区、停车区、收费站、管理所等服务设施污水处理现状,针对当前高速公路服务区、收费站、停车区所配套的A/O法污水处理工艺的缺陷,研发出一套适用于我国南方地区高速公路服务区、收费站等服务设施的小型污水处理技术“厌氧短程硝化污水处理技术”。     

广西高速公路服务区规划设计探讨

服务区作为高速公路的重要组成部分,其建设规模和标准也在逐步提高,文章针对目前广西高速公路服务区存在的一些问题,从服务区设置间距、建设规模、配套设施及建筑风格等几个方面进行了分析和探讨,提出了合理化的建议,为今后高速公路服务区的规划设计提出了建议。     

浅谈高速公路美丽服务区的建设思路

构建美丽服务区应以绿色、低碳、循环发展、智慧化以及满足出行用户的多元化需求为出发点,从节能建筑、清洁能源应用、污水处理及循环利用、固废处理及循环利用、生态服务、人性化服务等环节综合考虑,从而提升服务区整体形象,加强服务区设施的人性化和标准化服务管理。本文从高速公路美丽服务区构建的必要性入手,探讨了从节能建筑、清洁能源应用、污水处理及循环利用、固废处理及循环利用、生态服务、人性化服务等方面构建美丽服务区。     

新时期“服务区+旅游”发展模式及功能定位

为了满足人们对高速公路服务区功能多元化需求,支撑高速公路服务区可持续发展,本文探索了“服务区+旅游”概念,从地理位置、自然资源、文化资源、产业资源、车流量多维度分析了“服务区+旅游”特征,研究了新时期背景下“服务区+旅游”典型融合模式和单体服务区+旅游融合发展功能定位,并以莆炎高速(福州段)梧桐服务区为开展实证研究。结果表明:1)服务区+旅游典型模式宜划分为综合型、自然资源型、人文资源型、基本型四种;2)单体服务区+旅游融合发展应从区位因素、资源因素、经济因素进行功能定位;3)通过实践应用,福建莆炎高速梧桐服务区功能定位为综合型服务区。研究成果可以强化服务区社会效益,适当提高其经济效益,支撑高速公路服务区的可持续发展。     

Demand responsive transit and the integration of D/R systems with traditional transit

This paper provides a background of the development of demand-responsive transit in small communities in the U.S.A. It also backgrounds traditional transit in metropolitan areas of the United States and outlines its deficiencies in terms of today's urban sprawl and in terms of today's society in metropolitan areas. Urban sprawl has developed city-like areas around big cities, but with lower population densities. Highways and roads were built. Cars were mass-produced. These new populations have never had an alternative to the private car. Today's society includes an ever-increasing number of senior citizens and handicapped persons. Senior citizens find it difficult to get to fixed-route bus stops; handicapped persons have difficulty in boarding regular buses and wheelchair persons cannot even get on board. Particular emphasis is placed upon the examination of the development of demand-responsive transit in metropolitan Rochester, U.S.A. and a Demonstration Project, sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the United States Department of Transportation. The paper also examines and makes reference to the results of integrated transit in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The Demonstration Project has several key objectives, the principal one of which is the integration of demand-responsive transit with the fixed-route element of traditional transit. Other important objectives of the demonstration are the balancing of peak and off-peak service so as to improve the overall utilization of resources, increase transit coverage, regular (not special) service for the elderly and the handicapped, the utilization of a computer in dispatching, digital communications, and marketing and promotional techniques.     

New evidence on walking distances to transit stops: identifying redundancies and gaps using variable service areas

The percentage of the population being served by a transit system in a metropolitan region is a key system performance measure but depends heavily on the definition of service area. Observing existing service areas can help identify transit system gaps and redundancies. In the public transit industry, buffers at 400 m (0.25 miles) around bus stops and 800 m (0.5 miles) around rail stations are commonly used to identify the area from which most transit users will access the system by foot. This study uses detailed OD survey information to generate service areas that define walking catchment areas around transit services in Montreal, Canada. The 85th percentile walking distance to bus transit service is found to be around 524 m for home-based trip origins, 1,259 m for home-based commuter rail trip origins. Yet these values are found to vary based on our analysis using two statistical models. Walking distances vary based on route and trip qualities (such as type of transit service, transfers and wait time), as well as personal, household, and neighbourhood characteristics. Accordingly, service areas around transit stations should vary based on the service offered and attributes of the people and places served. The generated service areas derived from the generalized statistical model are then used to identify gaps and redundancies at the system and route level using Montreal region as an example. This study can be of benefit to transport engineers and planners trying to maximize transit service coverage in a region while avoiding oversupply of service.     

关于江苏省高速公路绿色服务区后评估及管理制度的思考

本文根据江苏省不同区域的差异性,对已建高速公路运营期内的绿色服务区进行后评估,将项目实施过程及项目完成后的最终成果与项目决策时确定的各项目标进行全面系统的对比。通过系统地分析经济、社会、使用性、环境及经营管理等目标的影响程度,从中探索构建出高速公路绿色服务区项目后评估指标体系,并采用层次分析法为体系提供计算支持,最终对高速公路绿色服务区进行后评估研究,同时为保障绿色服务区的正常运营制定了相对应的管理制度。     

高速公路服务区建设造价控制研究

影响高速公路服务区建设项目造价的因素很多,如何从决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标阶段、施工阶段等环节对工程总造价进行有效控制,从而提高服务区的社会效益和经济效益,值得工程建设者思考.     

The effects of on‐street parking on the service rate of nearby intersections

An on‐street parking maneuver can often start a temporary bottleneck, leading to additional delay endured by the following vehicles. If the maneuver occurs near a signalized intersection, the service rate of the intersection might be reduced. In this paper, a model is built to analyze the effects of parking maneuvers on the intersection service rate. Based on the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, the perturbation caused by the parking maneuver is analyzed. Using dimensional analysis, we illustrate the relation between the background conditions, the distance from the parking area to the intersection, and the intersection service rate. Based on this relation, one can compute the service rate reduction caused by existing on‐street parking areas. A minimum distance between the parking area and the intersection to avoid such reduction can be accordingly found. Numerical examples based on empirical data from the city of Zurich, Switzerland, are provided to illustrate the practical applications. Although the analysis is based on streets with a single lane per direction, the findings can provide some insights regarding different situations. We hope such findings can be used as a basis for developing on‐street parking design guidelines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nature and/or nurture? Analyzing the determinants of transit ridership across US urbanized areas

Public subsidy of transit services has increased dramatically in recent years, with little effect on overall ridership. Quite obviously, a clear understanding of the factors influencing transit ridership is central to decisions on investments in and the pricing and deployment of transit services. Yet the literature about the causes of transit use is quite spotty; most previous aggregate analyses of transit ridership have examined just one or a few systems, have not included many of the external, control variables thought to influence transit use, and have not addressed the simultaneous relationship between transit service supply and consumption. This study addresses each of these shortcomings by (1) conducting a cross-sectional analysis of transit use in 265 US urbanized areas, (2) testing dozens of variables measuring regional geography, metropolitan economy, population characteristics, auto/highway system characteristics, and transit system characteristics, and (3) constructing two-stage simultaneous equation regression models to account for simultaneity between transit service supply and consumption. We find that most of the variation in transit ridership among urbanized areas – in both absolute and relative terms – can be explained by factors outside of the control of public transit systems: (1) regional geography (specifically, area of urbanization, population, population density, and regional location in the US), (2) metropolitan economy (specifically, personal/household income), (3) population characteristics (specifically, the percent college students, recent immigrants, and Democratic voters in the population), and (4) auto/highway system characteristics (specifically, the percent carless households and non-transit/non-SOV trips, including commuting via carpools, walking, biking, etc.). While these external factors clearly go a long way toward determining the overall level of transit use in an urbanized area, we find that transit policies do make a significant difference. The observed range in both fares and service frequency in our sample could account for at least a doubling (or halving) of transit use in a given urbanized area. Controlling for the fact that public transit use is strongly correlated with urbanized area size, about 26% of the observed variance in per capita transit patronage across US urbanized areas is explained in the models presented here by service frequency and fare levels. The observed influence of these two factors is consistent with both the literature and intuition: frequent service draws passengers, and high fares drive them away.     

斜拉桥索塔环向预应力摩阻损失试验研究

文章依托江苏省如皋市长青沙二桥(斜拉桥)工程项目,通过预应力张拉试验,现场实测了U形预应力筋的摩阻损失,并采用最小二乘法拟合求得孔道摩阻系数和偏差系数,验证了此种预应力结构的合理性。