基于ADVISOR的并联混动汽车控制策略再开发研究

控制策略开发作为混合动力汽车的核心技术之一,成为了国内外研究的热点。合理的控制策略和方法,对于驱动车辆在不同工况下行驶具有重要意义。本文通过使用ADVISOR软件对并联式混动汽车的控制策略进行再开发,提高工作模式切换的合理性,改善电动机对蓄电池组的充放电性能,提高车辆的续航能力,对于混动汽车的发展具有重要的意义。     

传动轴上下跳动极限位置校核

车辆传动轴结构不同,传动系统布置形式不同,影响传动轴长度校核因素各有所异,车辆在不同工况上下跳动时,正确的校核传动轴长度至关重要,若校核方法不当,车辆在不同工况下行驶易使传动轴顶死或脱出,它会直接影响驾乘人员的生命财产安全.对不同结构传动轴的不同布置形式校核方法进行了阐述.     

双电机驱动电动汽车动力参数选择及仿真分析

双电机驱动是提高电动车辆整车性能的有效方法,本文提出一种双电机耦合驱动系统的新构型;基于这种构型的特点,定义了双电机的4种驱动模式;依据车辆动力性要求计算出驱动系统各参数取值范围.根据双电机驱动系统的结构原理,提出基于门限值的模式切换控制策略;在Matlab/Simulink中搭建控制策略仿真模型,并与Cruise中整车模型进行联合仿真.仿真结果表明,这种新构型和控制策略在满足车辆动力性的前提下,可有效提高车辆的经济性.     

PHEV行驶模式选择控制系统研究

插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)可以在电池电量耗尽后通过外接电网获取能量,其电池电量更加充足、纯电动续驶里程更长。为了充分发挥PHEV这一优势,本文提出了基于驾驶员选择行驶模式的控制策略,通过驾驶员选择行驶模式的方式将驾驶员作为控制系统的一部分,体现了人-车-路闭环控制的思想,以达到在各种行驶工况下合理分配电池电量的目标,实现整车最优的能量管理及控制。本文对控制系统进行设计,对其工作原理以及控制系统的结构方案设计过程进行了系统论述,最后在仿真平台上对设计的控制系统功能进行验证,所开展的工作对于插电式混合动力汽车的控制系统的开发及研究具有一定的指导意义,实现了预期的研究目标。     

精确测量客车车身高度变化有解了!

正随着乘客对车辆乘坐舒适性要求的提高,以及我国客车悬架技术的发展,空气悬架在客车上的应用日益广泛。传统的空气悬架控制模式是采用机械高度阀,即通过高度阀阀门的开启调节对空气悬架气囊的充放气,从而保持车辆恒定的行驶高度。伴随系统应用的推广和车辆控制技术的发展,电子控制逐渐取代传统的机械控制电子控制系统,不仅提高了操作的舒适性和反应的灵敏度,而且可以附加很多辅助功能。据了解,为了确保悬架的主要特     

城市道路汽车行驶工况及排放污染物的测试和分析研究

为了适应欧Ⅲ排放法规的需要,针对西安市区城市道路上正常行驶汽车的工况及排放情况进行研究,通过采用GPS测速系统和IPEXD便携式排放测量仪,快速、准确的获取汽车正常行驶过程中的即时速度及瞬间排放污染物等客观数据,进而具体分析汽车在城市道路上的行驶工况及排放情况,最终计算得出西安市城市道路上行驶汽车的相应工况、即时速度与瞬间排放之间的关系。其中,本文主要研究以汽油为燃料的车辆在城市道路条件下行驶时尾气排放中的HC、CO、NOX三种污染物,客观分析并确定日常城市道路条件下汽车行驶工况对其排放的相关影响。     

香港典型山区道路汽车行驶工况污染物排放研究

通过安装车载测试系统收集香港港岛山区路段正常行驶工况下尾气中的CO、NOx、HC等污染物和油耗并辅助计算机软件进行分析。研究得出,山区道路设计、地形地貌和驾驶习惯对车辆油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放有直接关系。可以通过坡道加宽、坡道延长、减少坡道红绿灯等措施减少车辆在山区道路行驶过程中速度变化频率,从而减少油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放。     

城市道路交通标志设计参数研究

基于城市道路中车辆行驶模型的复杂多样性,研究驾驶员的行驶特性和视觉特征,建立相应的行驶模型和视觉模型,计算在不同的道路条件、不同车速下满足城市道路交通需求的交通标志设计的几个主要参数.     

基于材料衰变的沥青路面抗滑特性研究

文章结合国内外对沥青路面抗滑特性的最新研究动态,分析和综述了沥青路面在长期使用过程中材料衰变所引起的微观纹理变化、宏观纹理变化以及结合料老化对沥青路面抗滑安全性的影响。研究结果表明:微观纹理决定着沥青路面的最低摩擦值,是车辆行驶安全性的基本保障,其主要在车辆低速行驶时发挥作用;宏观纹理保证了沥青路面和轮胎接触面的基本排水能力,影响着汽车雨天行驶和高速行驶的安全性,其主要在车辆雨中行驶或者高速行驶时发挥作用;结合料老化可以提高沥青路面使用初期的抗滑性能,而对后期无明显影响。     

车辆载荷下埋地管道应力应变测试系统

为了检测车辆碾压下埋地管道应力应变情况,建立穿越管段车辆行驶标准,设计搭建了一套车辆载荷下埋地管道应力应变测试系统。介绍了应力应变测试系统设计与搭建的过程,采用系统进行管道带内压条件下车辆碾压实验。实验结果表明,系统能够准确地检测车辆碾压时埋地管道的应力应变情况。     

Designing a sliding mode controller for slip control of antilock brake systems

Antilock brake system (ABS) has been designed to achieve maximum negative acceleration by preventing the wheels from locking. Research shows that the friction between road and tire is a nonlinear function of wheel slip. Therefore, maximum negative acceleration can be achieved by designing a suitable control system for wheel slip regulation at its optimum value. Since there is a lot of nonlinearity and uncertainty (uncertainty in mass and center of gravity of the vehicle and road condition) in vehicle dynamics, a robust control method should be used. In this research, a sliding mode controller for wheel slip control has been designed based on a two-axle vehicle model. Important considered parameters for vehicle dynamic include two separated brake torques for front and rear wheels as well as longitudinal weight transfer caused by the acceleration or deceleration. One of the common problems in sliding mode control is chattering phenomenon. In this paper, primary controller design has been improved using integral switching surface to reduce chattering effects. Simulation results show the success of integral switching surface in elimination of chattering side effects and by high performance of this controller. At the end, the performance of the designed controller has been compared with three of the prevalent papers results to determine the performance of sliding mode control integrated with integral switching surface.     

A control theoretic formulation of green driving strategies based on inter-vehicle communications

Various green driving strategies have been proposed to smooth traffic flow and lower pollutant emissions and fuel consumption in stop-and-go traffic. In this paper, we present a control theoretic formulation of distributed, cooperative green driving strategies based on inter-vehicle communications (IVCs). The control variable is the advisory speed limit, which is designed to smooth a following vehicle’s speed profile without changing its average speed. We theoretically analyze the performance of a constant independent and three simple cooperative green driving strategies and present three rules for effective and robust strategies. We then develop a distributed cooperative green driving strategy, in which the advisory speed limit is first independently calculated by each individual vehicle and then averaged among green driving vehicles through IVC. By simulations with Newell’s car-following model and the Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM), we demonstrate that such a strategy is effective and robust independently as well as cooperatively for different market penetration rates of IVC-equipped vehicles and communication delays. In particular, even when 5% of the vehicles implement the green driving strategy and the IVC communication delay is 60 s, the fuel consumption can be reduced by up to 15%. Finally we discuss some future extensions.     

Bus control strategies in corridors with signalized intersections

This paper proposes a new dynamic bus control strategy aimed at reducing the negative effects of time-headway variations on route performance, based on real-time bus tracking data at stops. In routes with high demand, any delay of a single vehicle ends up causing an unstable motion of buses and producing the bus bunching phenomena. This strategy controls the cruising speed of buses and considers the extension of the green phase of traffic lights at intersections, when a bus is significantly delayed. The performance of this strategy will be compared to the current static operation technique based on the provision of slack times at holding points. An operational model is presented in order to estimate the effects of each controlling strategy, taking into account the vehicle capacity constraint. Control strategies are assessed in terms of passenger total travel time, operating cost as well as on the coefficient of headway variation. The effects of controlling strategies are tested in an idealized bus route under different operational settings and in the bus route of highest demand in Barcelona by simulation. The results show that the proposed dynamic controlling strategy reduces total system cost (user and agency) by 15–40% as well as the coefficient of headway variation 53–78% regarding the uncontrolled case, providing a bus performance similar to the expected when time disturbance is not presented.     

Naturalistic driving data collection to investigate into the effects of road geometrics on track behaviour

Road designers assume that drivers will follow the road alignment with trajectories centred in the lane, and move at the design speed parallel to the road centreline (i.e., the horizontal alignment). Therefore, they assume that if the horizontal alignment indicates the “designed trajectory”, the driving path indicates the “operating trajectory”. However, at present, they do not have the necessary tools to measure the relationship between the designed alignment and possible vehicle trajectories.The paper has two objectives: (a) to develop an understanding of the root causes of differences between road alignment and vehicle trajectories; and (b) to define and calibrate a model that estimates the local curvature of trajectories on the basis of the designed horizontal alignment.The two objectives were pursued by carrying out a naturalistic survey using vehicles equipped with high precision GPS in real-time kinematics (RTK) mode driven by test drivers on road sections of known geometric characteristics. The results provide an insight into the effects of road geometrics on driver behaviour, thus anticipating possible driving errors or unexpected/undesired behaviours, information which can then be used to correct possible inconsistencies when making decisions at the design stage.     

直线电机式悬架电流滞环控制策略研究

本文设计出一种电流滞环控制策略,通过跟踪直线电机式悬架控制系统输出的最优阻尼力转变,得到参考电流,经过空间矢量调制后输出PWM波,输送到电流逆变器中转换为三相电流,进而控制直线电机的作用。经过仿真可以得出电流滞环控制策略控制效果良好,可以输出理想的阻尼力,为电动汽车主动悬架的研究提供基础。     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收及储能策略研究

为解决纯电动汽车存在的制动能量耗损及续航里程不足等问题,通过对行车能量流分析的基础上,提出一种制动能量回收及储能策略,并利用ADVISOR软件建立整车制动能量回收策略仿真模型。选取UDDS城市道路工况进行仿真,结果表明所建立的控制策略可以对制动能量进行回收和储存,对于提高纯电动汽车续航里程提供了理论基础。     

Infrastructure assisted adaptive driving to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings

Literature has shown potentials of Connected/Cooperative Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in improving highway operations, especially on roadway capacity and flow stability. However, benefits were also shown to be negligible at low market penetration rates. This work develops a novel adaptive driving strategy for CAVs to stabilise heterogeneous vehicle strings by controlling one CAV under vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Assumed is a roadside system with V2I communications, which receives control parameters of the CAV in the string and estimates parameters imperfectly of non-connected automated vehicles. It determines the adaptive control parameters (e.g. desired time gap and feedback gains) of the CAV if a downstream disturbance is identified and sends them to the CAV. The CAV changes its behaviour based on the adaptive parameters commanded by the roadside system to suppress the disturbance.The proposed adaptive driving strategy is based on string stability analysis of heterogeneous vehicle strings. To this end, linearised vehicle dynamics model and control law are used in the controller parametrisation and Laplace transform of the speed and gap error dynamics in time domain to frequency domain enables the determination of sufficient string stability criteria of heterogeneous strings. The analytical string stability conditions give new insights into automated vehicular string stability properties in relation to the system properties of time delays and controller design parameters of feedback gains and desired time gap. It further allows the quantification of a stability margin, which is subsequently used to adapt the feedback control gains and desired time gap of the CAV to suppress the amplification of gap and speed errors through the string.Analytical results are verified via systematic simulation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings. Simulation demonstrates the predictive power of the analytical string stability conditions. The performance of the adaptive driving strategy under V2I cooperation is tested in simulation. Results show that even the estimation of control parameters of non-connected automated vehicles are imperfect and there is mismatch between the model used in analytical derivation and that in simulation, the proposed adaptive driving strategy suppresses disturbances in a wide range of situations.     

并联混合动力汽车改进模糊控制策略研究

本文提出一种兼顾电池SOC限值方法的混合动力汽车多种群遗传模糊控制策略。引入模糊逻辑控制以增强整车控制系统鲁棒性、实时性;用多种群遗传算法对模糊变量隶属度函数进行优化,使在模糊逻辑控制下整车燃油消耗得到降低;使用电池SOC限值方法避免电池在SOC过低时继续放电。利用matlab平台联合advisor软件进行联合仿真实验,仿真结果表明多种群遗传模糊模糊控制策略能够比advisor软件默认的电机辅住控制策略燃油经济性提高6.96%的情况,SOC限值方法使电池工作在更加合理的SOC值区间范围内,有效保护电池。     

A new offline optimization approach for designing a fuel cell hybrid bus

In this study a hydrogen powered fuel cell hybrid bus is optimized in terms of the powertrain components and in terms of the energy management strategy. Firstly the vehicle is optimized aiming to minimize the cost of its powertrain components, in an official driving cycle. The optimization variables in powertrain component design are different models and sizes of fuel cells, of electric motors and controllers, and batteries. After the component design, an energy management strategy (EMS) optimization is performed in the official driving cycle and in two real measured driving cycles, aiming to minimize the fuel consumption. The EMS optimization is based on the control of the battery’s state-of-charge. The real driving cycles are representative of bus driving in urban routes within Lisbon and Oporto Portuguese cities. A real-coded genetic algorithm is developed to perform the optimization, and linked with the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR. The trade-off between cost increase and fuel consumption reduction is discussed in the lifetime of the designed bus and compared to a conventional diesel bus. Although the cost of the optimized hybrid powertrain (62,230 €) achieves 9 times the cost of a conventional diesel bus, the improved efficiency of such powertrain achieved 36% and 34% of lower energy consumption for the real driving cycles, OportoDC and LisbonDC, which can originate savings of around 0.43 €/km and 0.37 €/km respectively. The optimization methodology presented in this work, aside being an offline method, demonstrated great improvements in performance and energy consumption in real driving cycles, and can be a great advantage in the design of a hybrid vehicle.