大众01M型自动变速器试验方法及性能分析

<正>一、手动换档试验手动换档试验用于判断自动变速器故障是在电控系统还是在其它系统,如液力变矩器、液压控制系统、换档执行机构和行星齿轮机构。1.手动换档试验的方法手动换档试验可以直接路试,也可以将驱动轮架空后进行试验。将蓄电池电缆断开,拔下电脑插接器,使自动变速器电脑失去控制换档的作用;进行手动换档,检查自动变速器能否正常工作。变速器在各档位时发动机转速     

单向离合器de作用分析及检查

单向离合器作为一种换档执行元件被广泛用于液力自动变速器的行星变速器,以确保平顺地无冲击换档.它是液力自动变速器中一个至关重要的元件,在使用和维修中必须给予特别注意.     

我国第一台国产电控自动变速器——别克轿车4T65—E自动变速器简介（下）

二、行星变速系统 行星变速系统体积小、结构紧凑,便于实现自动换档,因此自动变速器多采用行星变速系统,4T65-E自动变速系统采用双排行星机构。 4T65-E自动变速器双排行星变速系统见图4。它通过双排行星变速系统不同组合提供了四个前进档和一个倒档,然后通过差速器最终驱动齿轮将扭矩传给前驱动轴。     

自动变速器传动设计的组合分析算法

通过对自动变速器传动机构的行星排之间联结、换档约束进行研究,用矩阵方法建立数学模型,并基于组合论的分析方法,将自动变速器传动方案的选择归结为联结矩阵的组合型式分析,构建了一种适用于复杂的多档位、多行星齿轮排传动设计的算法,使用MATLAB编程分析,以传动比作为主要设计参数来设定条件,进行方案筛选。为研发自动变速器提供优选传动方案的设计基础。     

技术聚焦:北美市场的干式双离合器变速器

<正>双离合器变速器(DCT)是由两个离合器组合在一起的自动换档变速器,一个离合器控制奇数档,另一个控制偶数档,让驾驶员更加平顺地换档,没有扭矩迟滞。从一个离合器转换到另一个离合器只需几毫秒。双离合器变速器(DCT)的效率在于它不会像使用行星齿轮结构     

一种有级变速器换档操纵装置

有级变速器换档操纵装置是一种在现有极变速器基础上增设了流体气或液）助动的动力学换档装置，借此可脚控离合器进行操作，换档轻便。     

自动变速器控制模块的功用

自动变速器的设计和制造经历了全液压机械传动自动变速器和电控自动变速器两个阶段。随着时间的推移,采用电控自动变速器的比重越来越大,关键在于电控自动变速器减少了液压建立这一延迟过程,从而使变速点更准确,变速更及时,锁止减振离合器恰到好处,提高了换档质显,降低了燃油消耗。 无论采用何种行星齿轮机构的电控自动变速器,其控制模块(TCM)不外乎以下8种功能。     

桑塔纳变速器换档机构分析改进

随着科技的进步,自动变速器在现代汽车中的应用越来越广泛。但目前,特别是欧亚国家,手动换档变速器还占据着主导地位。然而,使用者们也期望着对手动换档变速器操作的舒适性进行不断的改进。本文讨论的一个重要因素就是桑塔纳变速器的换档机构在静态换档阶段的换档力对整个换档过程中的换档力的影响,并对在静态换档阶段所作的改进进行了阐述。     

自动变速器打滑的判断及处理

现代汽车自动变速器大多为采用液力变扭器与行星齿轮式变速器组合而成的液力全自动变速器.与手动变速器相比,液力全自动变速器具有以下优点:1)简化驾驶操作,增加了行车安全性;2)带来驾乘的方便和舒适;3)降低油耗,提高了汽车的动力性和通过性;4)在自动换档过程中无动力切断,换档平稳,减少了发动机和传动系统零件的动载荷,延长了零件的寿命.因此,近年来自动变速器的使用越来越普遍,许多汽车(包括普通型轿车)都开始装备自动变速器.     

DCT预换档过程建模及换档力优化仿真研究

针对某款6速湿式双离合器自动变速器(DCT)换档过程中同步器的受力情况进行研究,并分析预换档过程中影响换档感受的因素。在此基础上,建立基于Matlab/Simulink的DCT预换档过程动力学模型,对不同换档力进行仿真分析,提出换档力控制策略的优化建议。     

Shifting control of an automated mechanical transmission without using the clutch

The automated mechanical transmission (AMT) is gaining popularity in the automotive industry, due to its combination of the advantages of mechanical transmissions (MT) and automatic transmissions (AT) in terms of fuel consumption, low cost, improved driving comfort and shifting quality. However, the inherent structural characteristics of the AMT lead to disadvantages, including excessive wear of the clutch plates and jerk and traction interruption during the shift process, that severely affect its popularity in the automatic transmission industry. The emerging technology of shifting control without the use of the clutch is a promising way to improve the shifting transients of AMTs. This paper proposes a control algorithm that combines speed and torque control of the AMT vehicle powertrain to achieve shifting control without using the clutch. The key technologies of accurate engine torque and speed control and rapid position control of the shift actuators are described in detail. To realize accurate engine speed control, a combined control algorithm based on feed-forward, bang-bang and PID control is adopted. Additionally, an optimized closed-loop position control algorithm based on LQR is proposed for the shift actuators. The coordinated control algorithm based on engine and shift actuator control is described in detail and validated on a test vehicle equipped with an AMT. The results show that the coordinated control algorithm can achieve shifting control without the use of the clutch to improve driving comfort significantly, reduce shift transients and extend the service life of the clutch.     

并联混合动力轿车电机有源同步换档技术研究

针对一款并联混合动力轿车,分析了其结构形式下机械自动变速器的换档过程;设计制定了较为完善的电机有源同步辅助换档控制策略。使得在换档的同步过程中,电机可以主动调节变速器输入轴转速,从而实现了减小变速器输入与输出轴转速差和缩短同步时间的目的。通过对MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立的动力传动系统模型进行仿真试验以及进行实车试验,证明了该技术有效地缩短了并联混合动力轿车的换档时间,保障了同步器的寿命。     

新型电控机械式自动变速器参数优化及性能研究（双语出版）

为解决传统电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）换挡过程中的动力中断问题,同时提高整车动力性与经济性,提出一种将行星机构安装在AMT输入端构成的新型自动变速器（N-AMT）,并对N-AMT基本结构进行详细介绍,同时就驻车、起步和换挡过程中行星机构工作模式进行详细分析。首先根据最大、最小传动比、挡位数和相邻速比的设计要求对N-AMT进行速比初步设计,然后结合AMT换挡和双离合（DCT）换挡各自特点,以动力性为约束,NEDC工况最佳燃油经济性为目标进行遗传算法速比优化设计。利用速比优化设计方法进行不同挡位N-AMT方案设计,并根据动力学关系建立整车模型,对N-AMT进行动力性与经济性分析。综合考虑不同挡位数方案的分析结果和变速器结构成本等因素,确定8挡N-AMT为最终设计方案。最后对8挡N-AMT进行台架、起步和顺序换挡试验。研究结果表明：8挡N-AMT的NEDC循环工况油耗为6.38 L·（100 km）^-1,较5挡AMT原型车工况油耗6.95 L·（100 km）^-1减少了8.86%;N-AMT可以有效消除部分挡位间动力中断的问题,在30%加速踏板开度下,8挡N-AMT的起步时间为1.55 s,较5挡AMT起步时间1.61 s减少了3.7%,整车动力性得到提高;N-AMT换挡时间保持在1.05 s以内,且换挡平顺性较好。     

Design of a compact 18-speed epicyclic transmission for a personal mobility vehicle

This paper describes the design and shifting dynamics of a novel and small-sized transmission which composed of three epicyclic gear modules and a hub shaft in conjunction with several clutches. The proposed epicyclic gear train can be used in a personal mobility vehicle such as an electric utility vehicle and small car, etc. And it is distinguished from others for its small size, light weight, high efficiency, and wide speed range up to 18 gear steps. In this paper, its dynamic behavior is dealt with in order to ensure the automatic and robust shifts according to the shift commands, focused on the shift mechanism design. First the overall structure and operating principles of the transmission are described in detail. Based on the CAD data of whole components, a detailed multibody dynamic model is built using ADAMS software which can analyze the dynamic behavior of a mechanical system. Then numerical simulations are performed during the shift and whole operating period. From the simulation and experiment results, the overall performance and operating principles of the 18 speed epicyclic transmission are discussed and the design of shift device is optimized to ensure the robust shift finally.     

Emergency Braking Control with an Observer-based Dynamic Tire/Road Friction Model and Wheel Angular Velocity Measurement

Summary A control scheme for emergency braking of vehicles is designed. The tire/road friction is described by a LuGre dynamic friction model. The control system output is the pressure in the master cylinder of the brake system. The controller utilizes estimated states for a feedback control law that achieves a near maximum deceleration. The state observer is designed using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The analysis shows that using the wheel angular speed information exclusively is not sufficient to rapidly estimate the velocity and relative velocity, due to the fact that the dynamical system is almost unobservable with this measurement as output. Findings are confirmed by simulation results that show that the estimated vehicle velocity and relative velocity converge slowly to their true values, even though the internal friction state and friction parameters converge quickly. The proposed control system has two main advantages when compared with an antilock braking system (ABS): (1) it produces a source of a priori information regarding safe spacing between vehicles that can be used to increase safety levels in the highway; and (2) it achieves a near optimal braking strategy with less chattering.     

Emergency Braking Control with an Observer-based Dynamic Tire/Road Friction Model and Wheel Angular Velocity Measurement

Summary A control scheme for emergency braking of vehicles is designed. The tire/road friction is described by a LuGre dynamic friction model. The control system output is the pressure in the master cylinder of the brake system. The controller utilizes estimated states for a feedback control law that achieves a near maximum deceleration. The state observer is designed using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The analysis shows that using the wheel angular speed information exclusively is not sufficient to rapidly estimate the velocity and relative velocity, due to the fact that the dynamical system is almost unobservable with this measurement as output. Findings are confirmed by simulation results that show that the estimated vehicle velocity and relative velocity converge slowly to their true values, even though the internal friction state and friction parameters converge quickly. The proposed control system has two main advantages when compared with an antilock braking system (ABS): (1) it produces a source of a priori information regarding safe spacing between vehicles that can be used to increase safety levels in the highway; and (2) it achieves a near optimal braking strategy with less chattering.     

变速器静态换挡负载测试平台的构建与试验分析

精确的换挡负载是机械式自动变速器(AMT)执行机构选型的重要依据。本文中构建了一种结构简单、成本低廉的测试变速器选、换挡力的试验台,并对关键部件进行选型。为永磁同步执行电机提出一种转速控制算法,以实现精确的速度控制;在测试试验台上对不同挡位的换挡过程进行换挡力测试,并分析换挡速度对换挡负载的影响。结果显示试验台可有效准确地测试变速器的换挡负载,为手动挡变速器的设计与优化以及AMT执行器的选型提供指导意义。     

CAN总线技术在自动变速器加载试验中的应用研究

介绍了自动变速器加载试验中CAN总线接口技术的实现.在研究电控自动变速器加载试验台的基础上,设计了以Motorola 32位微处理器MC68376为核心的CAN总线硬件接口电路,采用标准CAN总线的通讯协议,编写了CAN总线接收/发送软件,并在试验台上实现了CAN结点之间的数据通讯.通过CAN采集数据对自动变速器换挡等过程进行了分析,经调速实现了发动机与自动变速器的一体化控制,从而提高了换挡品质.     

Development of a new traction control system for vehicles with automatic transmissions

A traction control system (TCS) is used to improve the acceleration performance on slippery roads by preventing excessive wheel slip. In this paper, a new traction control system using the integrated control of gear shifting and throttle actuation is developed for vehicles with automatic transmissions. In the design of the slip controller, by means of a differential manifold transformation, a slip control system with nonlinearities and uncertainties is transformed into a linear system, and a sliding mode controller is applied for the purpose of increasing the robustness of the system. Next, to achieve the required driving torque, the optimal throttle and gear position, maps are constructed based on dynamic programming. The simulation results indicate that the present traction control system can improve the acceleration performance of an automatic transmission vehicle for various types of road conditions.     

基于道路工况的城市客车传动系参数的优化

城市客车起步停车换挡频繁,燃油消耗量大,而传动系参数的合理匹配与燃油经济性的好坏有密切联系,以四工况燃油消耗量和等速百公里燃油消耗量加权建立目标函数,由最大似然法计算加权系数,对传动系参数进行优化。并用该法对某样车进行了优化,经济性得到了一定的提高。