船舶动力装置智能故障诊断技术的应用与展望

  目的  为了实现对船舶艉轴承润滑状态的监测和评估,提出一种结合润滑性能衰变模型和支持向量机（SVM）算法的艉轴承润滑性能评估方法。  方法  针对船舶艉轴承润滑状态难以监测和识别的问题,建立轴承润滑衰变数值模型,并运用实验数据对该模型进行验证,研究载荷、粗糙度和半径间隙对润滑状态衰变机理的影响。基于SVM算法,构建润滑状态分类器,通过网格搜索算法优化超参数,利用不同润滑状态的数据集进行训练,最后实现对艉轴承润滑状态的评估。  结果  结果显示,随着外部载荷、粗糙度和半径间隙的增大,轴承润滑状态恶化的临界速度增大,动压润滑工作范围减小,混合润滑工作范围增大;由仿真数据集对润滑状态识别模型的验证表明,所提的润滑状态识别方法准确率达96.88%。  结论  所提方法能监测轴承的润滑性能特征,有效识别轴承的润滑状态。     

Finite-time ship formation control based on extended state observer北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了解决大多数船舶编队控制算法控制周期长和时效性差的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的有限时间控制策略。[方法]采用一种非线性终端滑模算法,通过对控制律分区域设计,克服传统终端滑模存在的奇异性问题;将非线性终端滑模与图论结合,实现有限时间的船舶编队控制;利用扩张状态观测器观测并补偿船舶模型中的不确定性及外界的干扰,以保证船舶编队控制的精确性;运用Lyapunov理论验证船舶编队控制律的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,采用所提控制策略使整个编队系统误差在5 s左右趋近于0,从而实现了稳定。[结论]该控制策略能有效控制船舶编队,且控制速度快、时效性好。     

Ship propulsion shafting bearing fault diagnosis based on holographic SDP similarity visual recognition北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对船舶推进轴系轴承的故障诊断问题,提出一种基于全息对称点图形(SDP)和相似性识别的可视化诊断方法。[方法]首先,多方位采集轴承振动信号,全面监测轴承发生故障时的规律性冲击在时域和频域中引起的非平稳性变化特征;然后,基于SDP对称点分布原理,将多个维度信号的时域和频谱融合至同一个二维图形,以放大信号之间的差异性;最后,基于相似性识别方法对轴承进行简易诊断。[结果]轴承故障实验平台的验证结果表明,该方法可以实现多个信号的有效图形融合,全面展示设备信号的状态特征,从而准确地诊断故障。[结论]研究成果可为船舶推进轴系轴承的可视化故障简易诊断提供参考。     

Time domain modeling and simulation of warship flooding process based on counter-flooding activities北大核心CSCD

[目的]实战损伤条件下,舰艇进水是舱室进水漫延与舰员抗沉行为相对抗的过程。现有的不沉性理论无法客观、全面评估抗沉干预对战损舰艇进水过程的影响,缺少从全时域的角度对战损舰艇进水过程开展预测的手段。[方法]首先,分析抗沉干预下舰艇破损进水的耦合关系,构建进水过程时域模型,进而给出数值求解算法;其次,结合案例分析抗沉干预要素对不沉性的影响,并开发可视化、交互式的仿真系统。[结果]通过仿真系统实现了进水过程与多种抗沉干预方式的综合评估,是对现有不沉性理论的有效补充。[结论]该成果不仅可帮助设计人员掌握抗沉设计方案对干预进水过程的有效性,指导舰艇抗沉能力的设计;还可应用于抗沉指挥决策的态势预报,具有较高的军事应用价值。     

Seabed collision emergency decision-making of AUV based on safety domain model北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］To ensure safety and prevent seabed collisions in complex unknown underwater environments, this study proposes a seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies. ［Methods］A vertical motion simulation model is established and verified by surpassing the test results, then used to calculate the active and passive safety domain distance of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), thereby establishing a seabed safety domain model. An AUV emergency control system and emergency strategies are then built on the basis of the dynamic safety domain model. The trim and distance from the seabed of the AUV are used to calculate the current and future risk factors. Based on the weighted sum, the comprehensive risk factor is employed to provide the AUV with emergency response strategies.［Results］Lake tests with the AUV sailing at a fixed depth and height show a strong dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height when it is close to the boundary of the AUV's active safety domain. In the opposite case, there is a weak dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height. The results show that the proposed AUV emergency control system can reduce emergency false alarms caused by frequently changing riverbed heights and sailing altitudes close to the seabed. In such cases, reasonable emergency strategies can be realized under complex rough terrain.［Conclusions］The AUV seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies based on vertical motion equations proposed herein can be applied to evaluate seabed collision risk in various cases. Finally, this paper provides emergency response strategies to avoid seabed collision accidents, which can enhance the safety of AUV navigation. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Influence of exhaust parameters on mid-infrared radiative characteristics of the plume北大核心CSCD

[Objectives] Infrared radiative (IR) characteristics of the plume are the main part of ship infrared radiation. The influence analysis of exhaust parameters on radiative characteristics is very important for developing ship stealth and anti-stealth technology. [Methods]In this work, the line-by-line method is applied to solve radiative transfer in gaseous media. Infrared radiative images of plumes under different temperatures and flow rates are obtained. Radiance, spectral radiative intensity, and spectrum-integrated radiative intensity over 3−5 µm are calculated and analyzed. [Results]Results show that there are obvious peaks of spectral radiative intensity curves at 4.18µm and 4.43 µm, and an obvious valley at 4.26 µm. [Conclusions] The infrared radiation characteristics of the ships exhaust plume are greatly affected by the exhaust temperature, but less affected by the exhaust flow rate. © 2023 The Author(s).     

Influence of seabed sand wave on hydrodynamic performance of submersible北大核心CSCD

[目的]研究潜器在海底沙波地形干扰下的水动力特性。[方法]基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,使用STAR-CCM+软件并结合重叠网格方法对潜器经过海底沙波的过程进行模拟,计算潜器阻力系数和升力系数在此过程中的变化。[结果]结果表明,当潜器近海底航行时,沙波地形会对潜器产生一定的干扰,当艏部运动至波峰附近时,负升力出现最大值,当艉部运动至波峰附近时,阻力出现最大值;在不同航速下,潜器表面压力分布规律的不同会导致升力系数的变化规律不同;随着近海底距离的减小,海底沙波对潜器阻力和升力变化影响显著,当H/D>5时,海底沙波对潜器阻力和升力的影响可以忽略。[结论]所做研究可为潜器的安全及操纵性能提供一定的参考。     

A review of shipboard large-scale energy storage systems北大核心CSCD

储能系统是船舶中的重要设备,可为各类船舶负荷提供能源。随着电力推进技术的成熟,全电船舶已成为未来船舶设计的主要方向。在此背景下,储能系统将由主要为辅助负荷供能逐步发展到为多类型船舶负荷供能,特别是作为船舶动力系统的重要组成部分与各类船舶主/辅机配合,在满足船舶各类负荷需求的前提下提高船舶的经济/环保特性。功能角色的转变加速了大规模储能系统接入船舶,带来了储能系统的状态估计、能量管理、优化规划等一系列问题。首先,对目前的储能技术进行分类;然后,介绍典型全电船舶的分类方法并指出储能系统的应用场景;最后,提出大容量储能系统接入船舶后带来的若干亟待解决的技术问题,即船舶储能系统分布式控制、船舶储能系统适应性规划与优化,以及船舶储能系统状态评估。所做研究可为未来大规模储能系统在电力化船舶上的应用研究提供参考方向。     

Obstacle avoidance of unmanned ship swarm based on virtual navigator and improved Hooke's law北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对无人船集群规避障碍物的问题,提出一种基于虚拟领航者和改进胡克定律的弹性集群编队控制方法。[方法]首先,根据障碍物的长和宽得到其外接椭圆,按照长宽比向外扩展出虚拟碰障区、避障反应区、自由航行区,实现水面避障物模型的简化;其次,基于虚拟领航者和改进胡克定律,对编队各成员之间、各成员虚拟领航者之间的相对距离和速度予以约束,采用坐标形式设置编队队形,构建弹性编队模型,并基于障碍物的环形斥力场来实现单无人船的避障,以及在弹性集群编队的组织下实现无人船集群的避障;然后,通过优化处理无人船的航行过程,消除编队及避障过程中的“徘徊”和“振荡”等现象,使各无人船的运动更加平滑;最后,运用Matlab软件对由4艘无人船组成的集群编队进行仿真实验。[结果]实验结果表明,编队可成功绕过设置的所有障碍物,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。[结论]该方法可实现无人船集群对水面障碍物的规避,具备在一定复杂环境下的通过能力,可为无人船集群避障的应用及研究提供参考。     

Vibration transmission characteristics of composite laminate joints based on power flow北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了研究复合材料层合板连接节点的振动传递特性,提出一种采用有限元功率流法并结合功率流可视化技术的分析方法。[方法]首先,验证用有限元实体单元功率流描述板壳振动的有效性;然后,引入功率流传递率评价指标,提出有限元模型功率流传递率的计算方法,并以导纳功率流法计算结果为参照来验证其有效性;最后,建立嵌入式连接和螺钉连接这2种复合材料层合板的连接模型,计算其功率流传递率曲线和典型功率流矢量图。[结果]对比验证结果表明,2种连接模型的振动传递路径和功率流传递率存在明显差异。[结论]有限元功率流法直观反映了连接结构的振动传递能力及振动能量传递路径,可为复合材料结构设计提供参考。     

Ultimate strength analysis of composite stiffened panels based on multi-scale approach北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］As composite materials have varied internal structures, an in-depth analysis of the damage mechanisms of their component materials can provide a research foundation for the ultimate strength analysis of composite stiffened panels. ［Methods］The microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic mechanical analyses of marine glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite stiffened panels are carried out using a multi-scale approach. Microscopic and mesoscopic representative volume element (RVE) models of chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) materials are established, and the macroscopic equivalent stiffness is obtained by homogenizing the RVE models. The ABAQUS VUMAT subroutine is used to code the progressive damage evolution model of the composite materials to derive the damage evolution mechanism of the microscopic and mesoscopic models respectively. The equivalent strength of macroscopic laminates is also obtained. ［Results］The multi-scale approach can be used to accurately evaluate the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite materials, and the ultimate strength of composite stiffened panels is mainly determined by fiber bundle failure. ［Conclusions］The obtained macroscopic material parameters can be used to calculate the ultimate strength of composite stiffened panels, while the parametric study of the mesomechanics of composite materials can provide an analysis tool for investigating the influence of material processing technology. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Calculation method of underwater acoustic and vibration response of cabin segment based on onshore vibration test北大核心CSCD

[Objective]This paper proposes a method for calculating the acoustic and vibration response of underwater cylindrical shell structures based on land-based vibration test results.[Methods]An axisymmetric boundary element method (BEM) is introduced to describe the radiation acoustic field of the shell. The relationship of acoustic pressure at the nodal point of the generatrix with velocity is obtained by solving the numerical solution of the boundary element integral equation, then the acoustic radiation impedance matrix of the outer surface of the shell and acoustic transfer vector (ATV) are constructed. Based on the assumption that the low-order vibration mode of an underwater cylindrical shell is the same as that of an onshore cylindrical shell, combined with the modes and acoustic radiation impedance matrix of an onshore cylindrical shell, the modal added mass and damping are calculated. [Results]The natural frequency calculation formula of the underwater cylindrical shell is established on the basis of the onshore mode, and the calculation method of underwater vibration response and acoustic radiation characteristics with the vibration response in air as input is obtained based on mode superposition method.[Conclusion ] The numerical results of a typical cylindrical shell with internal structure show that the method meets the engineering accuracy requirements. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine intake and exhaust system based on dynamic feature fusion北大核心CSCD

[目的]船舶系统由多设备的复杂机构组成,各组件参数具有动态性和非线性的特点,所以故障诊断过程复杂。为提高诊断效率,提出一种动态特征融合方法。[方法]利用分形理论、动态理论及核主元分析(KPCA)法对系统状态数据进行重构、映射及筛选,得到主元特征数据矩阵,求得平方预测误差(SPE)及相应的控制限,构建出基于船舶柴油机进排气系统健康数据的离线监测模型,利用该模型对系统进行故障诊断分析。为验证模型的有效性,选取某船舶柴油机进排气系统的故障数据进行验证分析。[结果]结果表明,动态特征融合分析方法可有效实现对系统动态非线性状态数据的精确分析,实现对系统故障的高效分析和诊断。与KPCA及支持向量机(SVM)方法相比,所提方法具有更好的故障诊断性能。[结论]该方法可实现船舶柴油机进排气系统故障的检测和诊断,提升系统运行的可靠性和安全性。     

Research and design of ship-shore integrated engine room intelligent operation and maintenance system based on data brain北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升舰船机舱运维的智能化水平,针对机舱设备种类多、数量大、耦合关系复杂等特点,梳理机舱运维智能化应用的技术路线,开发船岸一体化机舱智能运维系统。[方法]首先,分析国内外机舱智能运维技术的发展趋势,融合利用健康管理、大数据挖掘、数字孪生、数据轻量化传输等技术优势;然后,设计符合舰船机舱特点的一体化智能运维系统。[结果]提出了一种基于数据大脑赋能的机舱智能运维系统功能框架、平台设计、运行体系、运行流程及关键技术应用。[结论]研究成果可为舰船机舱智能运维系统设计及应用实践提供参考。     

Vibration characteristics analysis of ring-stiffened conical shells based on power series method北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在利用解析法求解环肋圆锥壳的振动方程,对环肋圆锥壳的振动特性进行理论研究。[方法]首先,对圆锥壳分段处理,将圆锥壳沿母线方向、环向和法向的位移分别写成幂级数解的形式,并推导出幂级数项前系数的递推关系式;然后,采用梁模型模拟不同环肋数对圆锥壳振动响应特性的影响;接着,将圆锥壳分段及其环肋边界条件、位移和内力矩阵进行组装求解,得到在外部简谐力激励下圆锥壳的振动响应特性,并将所得结果与ANSYS有限元数值方法的计算结果进行对比,验证所提计算方法的有效性。最后,运用所提理论方法进行环肋圆锥壳的振动特性分析。[结果]结果显示,圆锥壳安装的环肋可明显抑制圆锥壳的振动,具体表现为响应幅值降低、固有频率升高,且在相同频段内共振峰数量减小;增大壳体厚度会引起壳体振动响应幅值降低以及固有频率升高;此外,增大半锥角、轴线长度和环肋数均可降低环肋圆锥壳的振动响应幅值。[结论]研究表明,所用方法对环肋圆锥壳振动的理论研究具有一定意义。     

Research developments in numerical methods of fluid-structure interactions in naval architecture and ocean engineering北大核心CSCD

流固耦合问题较为复杂,通常难以通过理论推导求得,而数值模拟则能提供一种有效的解决方案,并被广泛用于船舶与海洋工程领域。流固耦合数值方法根据其网格离散方式,可以分为贴体网格方法、非贴体网格方法、重叠网格方法和粒子类方法 4类,对这4类方法的特点及研究进展进行概述并总结得出:贴体网格方法和重叠网格方法均能精确捕捉界面的变形和演化,适合高雷诺数流动问题,在考虑结构变形时一般采用贴体网格方法,而考虑复杂几何形状的刚体运动时则常采用重叠网格方法;非贴体网格方法能够避免网格的更新操作,使计算较为简单,目前多用于模拟流动控制、水下柔性仿生航行器的研发以及多体运动干扰等问题;粒子类方法因其固有的拉格朗日属性,在模拟涉及自由液面剧烈变形、砰击、爆炸等强非线性流固耦合问题中发挥着重要作用。不同的流固耦合问题属性决定了不同方法的适用性,如何选取适合的数值方法,同时结合各类方法的优势开发新的计算方法以应对更为复杂的问题,是流固耦合算法开发的重要发展方向。     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

Energy efficiency optimization analysis of fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid ship based on whale optimization algorithm北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升船舶的能源利用率,对多因素影响下的燃料电池/锂电池混合动力船舶能效优化方法进行分析。[方法]基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的能效仿真模型,研究通航环境要素对船舶能效的影响。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,提出基于模糊逻辑的功率分配策略,以优化系统能量流动。然后在此基础上,以系统总能耗最低为优化目标,建立考虑多因素的船舶航速非线性优化模型,采用鲸鱼优化算法开展优化模型动态寻优,并进行不同航行方法和航行时间约束下的能效优化分析。[结果]结果显示,在总航行时间不变的情况下,采用所提的考虑多因素的船舶能效优化方法可以降低船舶5.04%的总能耗和13.16%的燃料电池氢气总消耗。[结论]所述方法对船舶节能减排具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶续航力和经济性具有重要意义。     

Parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence for shock resistance of double-stage vibration isolation system with limiters北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］For marine nuclear power plants, the relative displacement of the pump supported by a vibration isolation system should be strictly restricted. In order to improve the shock resistance of a vibration isolation system with displacement limiters, the parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence are studied. ［Methods］The theoretical model of a double-stage vibration isolation system with typical limiter parameters is established, the analysis of the shock response characteristics of the system is carried out using the direct integration method, the optimal limiter parameters are obtained using a genetic algorithm, and the influence of parameter deviation on the shock resistance of the system is studied. ［Results］Limiter parameters significantly affect the shock response characteristics of the vibration isolation system. The optimal limiter parameters improve the shock resistance of the system, but parameter deviation has a great influence on shock resistance. Based on the influence of parameter deviation, a deviation control strategy is proposed in which the elastic parameter should have a positive deviation and the gap parameter a negative deviation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively alleviate the shock resistance degradation caused by deviation.［Conclusions］The results of this study can be used to guide the design, manufacturing and variation control of limiters for vibration isolation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.