适用于Kappel桨的面元法尾涡模型

Kappel桨在梢部剧烈弯折,这样的几何结构能够抑制梢涡的形成,起到梢部加载的作用。为了模拟桨叶弯折后对整个桨叶受力分布的影响,本文通过CFD计算分析几何尺寸相似的弯折三维翼和平直三维翼的剖面环量分布,并以此为基础就面元法分析Kappel桨时的尾涡进行修正。利用修正尾涡模型的面元法计算Kappel桨的敞水性能,与未修改尾涡面的面元法计算结果作比较,并就面元法计算Kappel桨的Morino库塔条件和等压库塔条件进行相关说明。     

解三维水翼绕流的下潜涡环栅格法

在包含于机翼表面内的某次表面及尾涡面上分布法向偶极子,在翼面上满足物面边界条件,建立了解三维机翼绕流的下潜涡环栅格法.考虑到非线性的自由液面边界条件,用下潜涡环栅格法求解水翼绕流问题.通过算例验证了方法的正确性和程序的可靠性.本方法可用于水翼及水下安定翼和各种舵的水动力计算.     

圆柱后梁结构振动对尾涡发放特征影响的研究

采用分离式双向流固耦合分析方法,对刚性圆柱-弹性梁结构的涡激振动现象进行数值模拟。结构承受的流体载荷用CFD方法计算,弹性梁结构的振动响应用有限元方法求解。基于Ansys Workbench平台的System Coupling模块实现数据传递,完成耦合计算。通过与绕流刚性梁尾涡的发放特征进行比对,分析结构振动对尾涡发放的影响。研究结果表明,振动对尾涡场结构以及尾涡发放频率有较大影响。与绕流刚体相比,弹性梁自由端的振动使得附连流体的运动状态发生改变,导致尾涡形成区长度变短,宽度增加,速度亏损增加。弹性梁结构自由端附近尾流场涡旋中心的强度高于刚体结构的尾涡强度,但其空间衰减梯度较大,使得远场涡强较低。     

偶极分布法计算近水面水翼的升力和兴波

本文用水翼中拱面和尾涡面上偶极分布的方法计算在静水翼航状态下水翼的水动力性能。由于导出了计及兴波影响的四边形偶极单元的诱导速度计算公式,折曲状的尾涡位置可以比较精确地迭代确定,所以水翼升力和兴波的计算比以往的方法有较大改进,并可为多翼系统干扰的计算提供依据。     

近自由面三维水翼的水动力分析及试验研究

采用面元法对近自由面三维水翼进行势流数值分析并进行了相关试验研究。在数值计算中,将Rankine源和偶极子置于边界面上,用时间步进法模拟水翼的势流场和自由表面波形。在自由面采用非线性自由面边界条件,在尾涡面上采用偶极子布置以满足Kutta条件。文中给出了数值计算模型的参数,对于不同浸深、不同航速和不同攻角下的水翼,计算了水翼表面上的压力分布,水翼的阻力和升力及自由表面波形。数值计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中方法可用于水翼优化设计、近自由面振动翼运动及水翼船兴波等问题的研究。     

二维弹性平板绕流锁定发生机理研究

本文采用双向流固耦合来研究一端固定二维平板涡激振动特性,通过动网格技术来实现流场和结构之间力和位移的相互传递。对不同雷诺数下平板绕流涡分离进行计算,成功捕捉到了锁定现象,并对其发生机理进行研究。计算结果表明,当涡脱落频率接近结构固有频率、结构表面压力分布与结构模态一致、尾涡强度达到一定水平,即可产生锁定现象。     

二维弹性平板绕流锁定发生机理研究

本文采用双向流固耦合来研究一端固定二维平板涡激振动特性,通过动网格技术来实现流场和结构之间力和位移的相互传递。对不同雷诺数下平板绕流涡分离进行计算,成功捕捉到了锁定现象,并对其发生机理进行研究。计算结果表明,当涡脱落频率接近结构固有频率、结构表面压力分布与结构模态一致、尾涡强度达到一定水平,即可产生锁定现象。     

两自由度运动圆柱绕流的离散涡方法模拟

应用离散涡数值方法(Discrete Vortex Method,DVM)对弹性支承的二维圆柱绕流的涡激振动(VIV)问题进行数值模拟,研究单自由度横向运动系统、两自由度系统横向和流向耦合运动这两种模型的计算结果,得到了不同质量比、不同折合速度下的尾涡形状、受力系数和圆柱响应曲线,并分别提取了单自由度和两自由度两种模型所得到的横向振幅进行对比.总结出受质量比和自由度数影响的圆柱响应的变化规律,证实了锁定lock-in现象的发生过程.通过与实验结果的对比,验证了计算结果较为合理和可靠,说明离散涡方法是研究涡激振动问题的有效手段,并且它能够适应高雷诺数下的计算,并且认为圆柱的流向运动对涡激振动起着促进作用,在数值模拟中是应当予以重视的.计算过程采用FORTRAN语言编程实现.     

不同舵角的舵翼结构涡量及流噪声特性分析

以梯形舵翼结构为研究对象,采用CFD大涡模拟及Lighthill声类比理论对不同舵角下舵翼结构的流场和声场进行数值预报,分析其涡量特性及流噪声特性。结果表明:来流速度相同时,随着舵角的增大,涡系越来越复杂,涡量及流噪声也随之增大;涡系主要集中在稳定翼的导边、舵翼的尾缘及舵与稳定翼之间;舵翼结构流噪声的声压级频谱频带较宽,无明显的主频率出现;低频时声压级幅值较大,并且随着频率升高而持续下降;舵翼尾缘及稳定翼导边前缘的声场强度比翼型两侧的声场强度大,这也和流场涡量分析结果一致,进而说明了涡流是产生流噪声的根本原因。     

基于IVCBC涡方法和动刚度矩阵的 深海立管的三维计算模型

文章针对深海立管长细比非常大的结构特征,视立管为质量集中的多自由度索模型系统。通过有限体积法将该模型系统离散为多个有限体单元,首次提出基于应变能计算立管动态刚度矩阵的算法,并采用IVCBC涡方法计算有限体的外载荷,构建了一种三维数值研究深海立管涡激振动的新方法。应用该数值计算方法探索了立管耦合前后的振型、尾流模型、流体力以及泄涡频率的特征。发现了立管涡激振动的涡泄频率不再满足Strouhal数的规律和多频"锁定"现象导致立管出现多种高阶模态振动共存的特征,该研究为立管的设计制造提供了重要的指导意义。     

导管调距桨的定常性能预估

本文建立了一个预估导管可调螺距螺旋桨水动力性能的数值计算方法，即螺旋浆用升力面理论、导管采用面元法，通过迭代计算考虑浆和导管的相互影响。引入了一个修正的螺旋浆尾涡模型，来模拟尾涡片的扭曲变形及分离现象，对导管桨性能预估的各种影响因素分析了系统研究，并考虑了桨毂对性能的影响。对JD简易导管桨和导管调距桨（JD7704导管＋JDC三叶可调螺距螺旋浆）分别进行了计算，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明，本文所建立的方法可较好地预估导管桨的水性能，精度比以往有较大的提高。     

预报螺旋桨水动力性能的一种改进的面元法

采用一种改进的面元法预报螺旋桨水动力性能,将桨叶和桨毂表面离散为四边形双曲面元,每个面元上布置等强度的源,拱弧面和尾涡面离散为布置涡的四边形双曲面元。通过控制点的物面条件求取奇点强度,进而得出桨叶压力分布以及螺旋桨敞水性能,与试验结果比较,计算结果令人满意。     

可调螺距螺旋桨水动力性能分析

利用面元法分析可调距螺旋桨的水动力性能.计算过程中,采用较为简捷的关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面形状的面元以消除面元间的的间隙,Newton-laphson迭代过程被用来在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件,使桨叶上下表面的的压力在随边有良好的一致性,同时用模拟物体真实行状的面元法来解决调距桨在螺距变化时的叶剖面畸变的问题.用Morino导出的解析计算公式来计算面元的影响系数,加快了数值计算的速度.以无厚度线性尾涡模拟桨叶泄出涡.调距螺旋桨最佳转轴位置由理论方法求出,使得桨叶的转叶矩为零.计算过程中计入了桨毂的影响,并分析了桨毂对桨叶表面压力分布的影响.最后给出了调矩螺旋桨水动力性能随随螺距的变化规律,并和试验结果作了比较分析.     

Time domain simulations of the wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition

The wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition are numerically studied based on potential theory. The total disturbance potential is decomposed into a basic part and a perturbation part. The basic flow is evaluated based on the double-body model with a trailing vortex sheet. The perturbation flow is solved by using a time domain Rankine panel method to determine the hydrodynamic forces, and the wave-induced ship motions are then evaluated by an Adam–Moulton scheme. The solving process of the wave-induced motion is integrated with the maneuvering prediction by using a two–time scale model. Numerical tests are firstly carried out for a Series 60 ship, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical method for the basic flow. Then the wave-induced motions of the S-175 container ship in straight course and in turning condition are simulated; the numerical results are compared with the ITTC data and the experimental data, which show fairly good agreements.     

Investigation on the vortex structure of propeller wake influenced by loading on the blade

The vortex structure of the wake behind a marine propeller was investigated in terms of loading variation by using particle image velocimetry. One hundred and fifty instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to study the spatial evolution of the wake and the behavior of the tip vortices in the region ranging from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter downstream. The trailing vorticity was found to be related to the radial velocity jump, and the viscous wake was affected by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. A vortex identification method using the swirling strength was employed to extract the location of the tip vortex. The loading on the blade made a clear difference to the contraction angles. Slipstream contraction occurred in the very near wake region, and unstable oscillation occurred because of reduced interaction between the tip vortex and the wake sheet behind the maximum contraction point for each loading condition. The maximum tangential velocity around the tip vortex center revealed the average radius of its core, which was used for calculating the vortex strength. Additionally, variation of the average radius of tip vortices with the change of blade loading was related to vortex tube stretching in the wake region. The nearly constant vortex strength continued up to one diameter downstream for light loading and design loading conditions.     

螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报方法

基于速度势的低阶面元法预报螺旋桨的水动力性能。选用四边形双曲面元对桨叶进行离散以消除面元间的缝隙,基本积分方程由格林公式导出。在面元上布置等强度源汇和偶极子。采用线性尾涡并在每个尾涡面元上布置等强度的偶极子。利用Newton-Raphson迭代过程满足桨叶随边非线性等压kutta条件,使桨叶上下表面的压力在随边处一致。利用Morino计算影响函数的解析公式,采用Yanagizawa方法求得物体表面上的速度分布,并对普通桨和大侧斜桨进行了数值预报。     

螺旋桨非定常轴承力计算

采用扰动速度势面元法计算螺旋桨非定常轴承力,桨叶、桨毂和尾涡面由双曲四边形面元进行离散,对时域内非定常问题的求解采用时间步进迭代方法,建立了满足桨叶随边非定常等压库塔条件的非线性迭代结构,使迭代求解更加有效、快速和稳定。     

Influence on the hydrodynamic performance of a variable vector propeller of different rules of pitch angle change

To design a more effective blade pitch adjustment mechanism,research was done on changes to the hydrodynamic characteristics of VVPs(Variable Vector Propeller) caused by different rules for changing pitch angle. A mathematical method for predicting the hydrodynamic characteristics of a VVP under unsteady conditions is presented based on the panel method. Mathematical models for evaluation based on potential flow theory and the Green theorem are also presented. The hydrodynamic characteristics are numerically predicted. To avoid gaps between panels,hyperboloidal quadrilateral panels were used. The pressure Kutta condition on the trailing edge of the VVP blade was satisfied by the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The influence coefficients of the panels were calculated by Morino's analytical formulations to improve numerical calculation speed,and the method developed by Yanagizawa was used to eliminate the point singularity on derivation calculus while determining the velocities on propeller surfaces. The calculation results show that it's best for the hydrodynamic characteristics of the VVP that pitch angle changes follow the sine rule.     

面元法预报螺旋桨表面非定常压力分布

本文建立了扰动速度势面元法预报螺旋桨表面非定常压力分布的理论和数值方法。该方法把桨叶和桨毂表面离散为若干四边形双曲面元,每个面元上布置等强度源汇和偶极子分布,螺旋桨尾涡面也离散为布置等强度偶极子的四边形双曲面元。所有的时域参数通过傅里叶级数展开转化为频域参数,使得在时间域内的求解转化为每一谐调阶上的求解。桨叶随边处通过迭代和采用广义逆矩阵方法在每一谐调阶上实现非线性等压库塔条件。桨叶表面非定常压力     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.