2008-2013年亚太地区气体运输船PSC检查数据分析

SOLAS公约中“气体运输船”系指建造或改建用于散装运输任何列入GC或IGC第19章中的液化气体或其他物质的货船。那么,运输易燃易爆,甚至有毒的散装液化气体货物的运输船在亚太地区的港口国监督检查中的状况又如何呢？是否还存在诱发事故的普遍性缺陷7这些问题不仅是气体运输船船东、船舶管理公司和船级社关心的问题,也关系该类船舶所到之处的码头设施和环境安全。     

液化气体船舶装卸作业前会商制度探析

液化气体船舶装卸作业前会商制度（以下简称“会商制度”）是明确船岸之间安全和防污染职责,强化信息资源共享,规范操作程序,促进货物装卸安全的重要保障。但在实际执行过程中,往往被弱化甚至忽略。本文聚焦液化气体船舶装卸作业过程中船岸之间操作步骤、要点和基准,通过分析会商制度和船岸安全检查表制度的异同,梳理当前会商制度执行过程中存在的问题和不足,进而提出改善建议和解决思路,不断提升液化气体船舶装卸作业安全管理水平。     

世界油轮,液化气体及化学品船队的发展和现状

一、船队总量 在过去的五年时间里,世界油轮、液化气体及化学品船队的载重吨平均每年以1.4％的速度增长。同时,液化气体及化学品船的发展更加强劲有力,与油轮1.1％的平均增长率相比,两者平均增长率分别达到了5.7％和3.5％。1997年初,在世界商船队中,油轮、液化气体及化学晶船队(船舶300总吨以上)拥有9074艘船舶(共30340万载重吨),占世界商船总吨位的42％。     

冷冻式液化气体船液货舱预冷和装货作业

液货舱预冷和装货作业是冷冻式液化气体船舶营运过程中的两个重要环节。此文在分析冷冻式液化气体船舶营运流程的基础上，重点对液货舱的预冷作业和装货作业进行了分析研究，并提出操作建议。     

关于中国船级社《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》（2005）生效的通知

中国船级社2005年12月19日下发“关于中国船级社《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》(2005)生效的通知”的通函,全文如下:中国船级社《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》(2005)将于2005年12月30日生效。我社《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》(2005)是1996版同名规范的换版。该规范主要新增/修改内容包括:纳入了自96版规范生效以来的反馈信息;补充了IMO以MSC.32(63)、MSC.59(67)和MSC.103(73)决议通过的《国际散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规则》(IGC规则)修正案;纳入了IACS统一要求及部分统一解释的相关要求;增加了…     

浅谈液化气体船舶货物管系速闭阀的检查

液化气体船舶安装于货物管系中的速闭阀,是在船舶装卸过程中遇到紧急情况时保障船舶安全的重要设备,必须定期维护检测,确保其功能随时处于良好状态。笔者从实际工作出发,在此谈几点自己在船舶安全检查中形成的经验和看法,仅供相关人士参考。     

从不同规范的比较看内河小型LPG船的总体设计

本文从分析1996版和1998版两个不同版本的散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范的不同点．以内河180m3液化石油气船为实例,阐明在进行内河LPG船的总体设计时应注意的几个问题。’9     

双燃料主机及其系统应用

以大连中远船务28 000 m3绿色LNG运输船作为背景,结合《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》、《天然气燃料动力船规范》等相关规范的要求,探讨LNG动力船舶的设计要点.     

船舶外加电流阴极保护系统设计

海航船舶受到海水冲刷侵蚀。海水作为一种很强的腐蚀性介质,对船舶钢质外板有很强的腐蚀性。对于长期处于海水中的船体而言,腐蚀问题更显突出。本文首先对船舶的腐蚀机理进行分析;然后,对传统腐蚀防护方法进行研究。重点对液化气体船舶,对外加电流阴极保护装置的安全性、可靠性进行分析研究。最后,对船体阴极外加电流保护系统进行相关计算,为该类型船舶在船体设计中采用阴极保护装置提供参考。     

关于修订《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》（2006）的通知

为实施BLG1／Circ．32关于新增IGC规则货品c4混合物（MixedC4）的相关内容．现对中国船级社《散装运输液化气体船舶构造与设备规范》（2006）（含2008修改通报）（以下简称“液化规范”）进行如下修订。本次修订内容将纳入下一版液化规范。1.在19章中纳入货品名称为c4混合物（MixedC4）的新条目，2第17章中增加船舶载运该货物的特殊要求。本通函自发布之日起执行。对于若拟载运该类货物的船舶．船东或船舶管理公司可自本通函发布之日起，     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用

通过分析近年来土工合成材料在长江口深水航道、洋山港、太仓港、吕四港、宁波港、曹妃甸等具有代表性的堤坝工程中的应用情况,系统总结了土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用经验,可对同类工程有所借鉴.     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

宁波舟山港岛屿岸线的利用和整治

针对宁波舟山港岛屿岸线利用开发所遇到的问题,总结宁波舟山港选址和建设码头的经验,对宁波舟山地区港口建设码头选址过程中遇到的各类岛屿岸线问题进行分析,提出采用顺流连岛、炸礁清障、导流堤整治水流、避开转流回流段等整治措施,得出宁波舟山港地区码头选址可采用的有效整治利用岸线的方法。认为:宁波舟山港岛屿岸线整治和利用须使得该段岸线前的往复潮流主轴线基本顺直,避免转流和回流岸段。     

港珠澳大桥对伶仃洋水沙环境的影响

利用珠江口伶仃洋海域实测水文、泥沙及水深测量等现场实测资料分析,建立了南起万山群岛、北至虎门、东起汲水门、西至珠海—澳门的港珠澳大桥整体物理模型,研究工程实施对伶仃洋诸港口、伶仃航道、铜鼓航道及附近海域流场、潮位和水深变化的影响。结果表明:港珠澳大桥实施对潮流、潮位的影响仅在桥轴线上下游各4 km的范围内,对伶仃航道、铜鼓航道通航基本没有影响。     

Differences in emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008 — Natural and anthropogenic causes (MONERIS model)

The aim of the modeling studies (MONERIS) was to estimate annual source apportioned nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emissions into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008, thus, during the transition period in Poland, characterized by changes in both agricultural sector and handling of point source pollution. N and P emissions into both basins showed declining tendencies. Between the sub-periods 1995-2002 and 2003-2008, the overall N emission into the Vistula and Oder basins decreased by 16-17% (i.e. by ca. 26,900 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 18,000 tons in the Oder basin); P emission declined by 23% in the Vistula and by 32% in the Oder basins (i.e. by ca. 3400 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 2200 tons in the Oder basin). The temporal patterns of N and P emission into the Vistula and Oder basins, as well as the percentage contribution of N and P pathways (particularly: overland flow, tile drainage, groundwater, waste water treatment plants) showed great differences between the basins. Natural (type of bedrock, soil type, lake area) and anthropogenic (regionally and temporarily different type and intensity of agricultural activity, spatially different structural changes in agriculture during the transition period, regionally and temporarily different investment in waste water treatment plans) factors were found to be responsible for the differences, and the relationships are extensively discussed in the paper. In 1995-2008, 70% of N emission into both river basins was via groundwater and tile drainage, with the former playing more important role in the Vistula basin, and the latter playing more important role in the Oder basin; contribution of N emission from point sources was comparable in both rivers and it reached 11-12%. In 1995-2008, point sources, erosion, overland flow, and urban systems were found the most important P pathways in both basins, with a higher percentage contribution of point sources in the Oder basin.     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

可伸缩式海工栈桥分类详解

介绍了可伸缩式海工栈桥的主要功能和分类,功能上分为主动补偿和被动补偿型以及其他类型,用途上分为油气行业和风电运维行业应用,尺寸上可分为小型、中型和大型,今后的分类的方法会更加科学和合理,为我国各类可伸缩海工栈桥研发的标准化、系列化提供依据。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.