城市改扩建道路高边坡拓宽方案比选分析

依托福州市福泉高速公路连接线拓宽改造工程主线K4+580～K5+000南侧高边坡拓宽改造实例,从技术条件、工程费用、施工工期、环境保护、交通影响、运营维护等多方面对福泉高速公路连接线拓宽改造项目的高边坡拓宽方案的原位高边坡拓宽、辅路内移暗挖隧道、大开挖棚洞、半明半暗棚洞+慢行隧道四个方案进行比选分析,并分别从爆破和静力施工阶段两个方面论证辅路内移暗挖隧道的拓宽方案是可行的。研究结果可为其他类似工程提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

红层软岩无中导洞连拱隧道爆破振动控制技术研究

无中导洞连拱隧道是一种新型的连拱隧道施工工法,而后行洞的爆破开挖将对先行洞衬砌结构产生振动影响。文章以云南楚姚高速陈家冲隧道为工程实例,开展红层软岩无中导洞连拱隧道的爆破振动控制技术研究。首先通过现场对比试验分析了连拱隧道爆破的三个主要影响因素:爆心距、装药量和应力释放。随后针对后行洞的三台阶开挖和两台阶开挖方式分别在先行洞对应区域进行自动化振动监测,并对监测数据进行回归分析,得到红层软岩V级围岩的爆破振动规律,通过反分析得出控制爆破振动的掏槽眼药量、导爆管雷管段数、经济合理的卸能孔个数及孔眼间距等,再结合现场工程状况,制定出符合现场需求的炮眼布置图和爆破方案。现场监测数据表明,修订后的振速临界值及优化的爆破方案符合安全要求,保证了无中导洞连拱隧道后行洞的顺利掘进以及先行洞的二次衬砌混凝土不被震裂。     

水压爆破在软岩隧道开挖中的实践应用

水压爆破施工工法可极大提高爆破能量利用率,降低围岩爆炸炸药单耗量,提高围岩破碎效果,同时还可以起到雾化降尘的作用,改善施工环境。结合宝兰客专古城岭隧道4#斜井正洞采用水压爆破工法施工的实践及数据分析,文章总结了水压爆破的优点、效益等,为广泛推广采用水压爆破提供借鉴。     

山城-书洋公路甘芳隧道的开挖技术

文章以福建省南靖县山梅公路甘芳隧道工程为例,介绍了甘芳隧道在各种围岩级别条件下洞身开挖的主要方法及隧道的爆破设计与施工、钻爆参数的选择以及爆破效果等技术,为类似隧道施工提供参考。     

新建隧道下穿既有隧道减震孔减震效果试验研究

爆破振动作为隧道近接施工的主要危害之一,如何有效减小其带来的不利影响对施工来说尤为重要。因此,为新建隧道正式下穿既有运营隧道爆破施工提供理论及技术支撑,在新建隧道试验段上方进行仿真模拟试验,对拟采取“控制爆破”工法与“预设减震孔+控制爆破”工法进行6组代表性对比试验,对爆破振速和下穿段爆破影响开展分析研究。研究得出：减震孔减震效率与爆心距有关联影响,表现为减震效果随着爆源与试验井的距离的减小而逐渐增大;采用“控制爆破”工法的实测振速和偏差幅度总是要大于采用“预设减震孔+控制爆破”工法;“预设减震孔+控制爆破”工法相对于“控制爆破”所需工时较长;试验井收敛变形累计值和沉降变形累计值均在可控范围之内,通过试验研究为正下穿段施工提供了科学依据和技术支撑。     

上跨运营高速公路天桥爆破拆除施工组织方法探讨

文章以南友高速公路NK128+915车行天桥拆除工程为例,分析了该桥爆破拆除的工程难点,介绍了上跨运营高速公路天桥爆破拆除的施工组织方法及安全保障措施,对类似工程的拆除施工具有借鉴意义。     

新建高速公路山体下方有村庄时的爆破安全防护技术

文章以巴马至平果高速公路K82+400段路基爆破工程为依托,研究高处山体下方有村庄的安全爆破防护技术,提出高速公路附近有村庄时爆破施工的安全防护控制措施。     

西山特长隧道斜井进入正洞交叉口施工技术

太古高速公路西山特长隧道全长13.654 km,是国内目前在建最长的公路隧道。在斜井进入正洞交叉口的施工中,成功采用台阶法矩形断面垂直挑顶直接转入正洞施工方案,通过优化调整设计参数,采取加强支护、减震爆破等技术措施,实现了斜井安全、简便、快速地转入正洞的施工。     

溪洛渡水电站左岸特大断面导流洞开挖技术

溪落渡水电站左岸导流洞洞身为城门洞型的特大型断面,其断面尺寸、开挖强度、施工难度都很少见。施工中精心组织,精心管理,广泛应用了各种新材料、新工艺、新技术、新设备。顶拱采用先中导洞,跟进两侧扩挖与支护；中层采用两侧预裂、中间垂直深孔梯段爆破；下层采用水平光面爆破。安全、优质、高效地完成了导流洞的开挖,对今后类似工程的施工有一定的借鉴作用。     

朔黄线峪口一号隧道施工技术

本文介绍了朔黄双线铁路上的峪口一号隧道采用新奥法原理进行施工的情况，重点介绍洞口及洞身的开挖、支护措施，以及湿喷工艺，微振动爆破技术的应用，最后指出了软弱围岩大跨隧道施工的现状和存在的问题，提出了软弱围岩隧道安全快速施工的几点建议。     

Ports and regional development: A spatial analysis on a panel of European regions

This paper analyses the impact of port activities on local development for a sample of 621 TL-3 regions located in thirteen European countries and observed over the period 1998–2009. Using a spatial panel econometric framework which controls for spatial fixed effects, the paper provides an estimate of both the direct and indirect (i.e. spillover) effects associated to port activities. Results suggest that ports might have non-negligible effects on local GDP: interestingly, an important share of the effects takes place outside the region where the port is located.     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

独柱墩盖梁施工技术分析

文章以大坝1号高架桥和魁星楼大桥独柱墩盖梁施工为例,通过方案比选,确定采用钢棒＋钢抱箍＋三角桁片支架结构方案进行独柱墩盖梁施工,并阐述了施工工艺流程与技术要点,同时验证了该支架结构方案的安全性与合理性。     

烟台西山城市公路隧道设计与施工

比较山岭公路隧道而言,由于城市人口、设施较为密集,隧道施工对周边环境影响较大,因而城市公路隧道在设计、施工等方面应有更高的要求,即在充分考虑隧道使用功能以及工程造价的同时,应尽可能将隧道施工对周边环境产生的影响降至最低。因此,坚持“以人为本”、重视隧道景观设计、加强环境保护将成为城市公路隧道建设的重要理念。文章结合烟台市西山隧道工况,介绍了城市公路隧道设计方案、施工方法以及环境保护措施。     

模糊综合评判法在隧道施工岩溶预报中的应用

文章运用模糊综合评判法建立了隧道施工岩溶预报的应用模型。基于模糊数学理论,以"地质法+TRT+GPR+超前风钻孔"的综合施工地质预报体系为基础,采用勘察及地质调查资料、TRT成果图色谱特征、电磁波综合特征、超前风钻孔钻进综合特征、掌子面溶蚀情况和地下水发育情况等六个评价因素,建立了隧道施工岩溶预报模糊综合评判法应用模型,并在武神公路椿树垭隧道施工岩溶预报中得以应用。     

百丈隧道穿越流塑状富水破碎带施工措施及其安全性评价

百丈隧道左洞ZK152+433~ZK152+463段穿越流塑状富水破碎带施工时反复出现变形侵限、塌方等情况,给工程施工带来前所未有的挑战。文章详细阐述了施工过程中采取的各种处治措施,总结了不同处治方案和效果,并采用数值分析方法对隧道结构安全性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)对于流塑状富水破碎带,加密超前支护是防止开挖时围岩出现较大变形或者坍塌的最有效措施。百丈隧道流塑状富水破碎带最终采用了每榀钢架(钢架间距50 cm)都打设一环3.5 m长?51自进式锚杆的超前支护方式,即每个断面都有7层超前支护,最终有效控制了开挖后围岩变形,避免衬砌侵限与塌方;(2)对于流塑状富水破碎带,加固围岩尤其是边墙与基底处围岩非常重要,可有效减少开挖过程中衬砌的整体式下沉。采用抛石挤淤+注浆的方式进行边墙与基底围岩加固,其效果比采用单纯注浆方式好得多;(3)对于外部荷载较明确的隧道,采用计算分析结合工程经验的方式确定衬砌支护参数,既能保证隧道结构安全,又使其经济合理;(4)在双车道隧道施工中,采用三台阶法施工,应尽量缩短台阶长度,使初期支护及时封闭成环,从而可以较好地控制围岩变形。     

汶川震后杨家山隧道断层塌方成因及其地质雷达预研究

受汶川地震的影响,经过断层带的公路隧道在施工时更容易出现大的塌方事故.为避免造成人员伤亡和经济损失,本文以广甘高速公路杨家山隧道右洞桩号K22+624段塌方为工程背景,采用现场地质描述分析、地质雷达探测,以及编写程序的正演模拟相结合,对汶川地震过后断层带对隧道塌方的影响进行研究.结果表明,在震后断层带的影响范围内,围岩整体特性发生突变,雷达波形图中会形成强烈的反射波信号,经过后期处理,能够得到较为清晰的波形异常图,从而推测出掌子面前方可能出现塌方的情况.文章最后对地质雷达探测加以正演模拟,可有效地指导整个隧道施工过程,并取得较好的经济收益.     

阿赛线改造工程管道防腐保温补口方法

文中介绍了"防腐层+保温层+防护层+封口"复合防腐保温补口结构在阿赛线安全扩能改造工程中的应用,介绍了复合防腐保温补口结构的施工方法和检验方法,总结了现场施工中出现的问题和解决方法,对这种复合补口结构的优点和缺点进行了分析,最后提出了改进建议。     

General Construction Technology Scheme of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel on Urumqi-Yuli Expressway北大核心CSCD

With a total length of about 22 km, Tianshan Shengli Tunnel on Urumqi-Yuli Expressway is currently the longest expressway tunnel under construction in the world. It adopts the construction scheme of "3 tunnels (2 D& B main tunnels and 1 TBM-driven middle pilot tunnel) + 4 shafts", which is characterized by great construction difficulty and high technical standard requirements. The tunnel construction is faced with technical challenges such as TBM passing through large fault fracture zones, long-distance construction ventilation in three tunnels, deep and large shaft construction and logistics organization in two-main tunnel construction assisted by middle pilot tunnel. In the parallel three-tunnel method design of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the TBM-driven middle pilot tunnel can not only play the role of advanced pilot tunnel, but also assist the construction of the two main tunnels and speed up the construction progress. For the middle pilot tunnel, the TBM excavation diameter is 8.4 m, and the initial support is designed as 100% force-bearing capacity in construction period, which can meet the requirements for two-way material transportation, ventilation and belt mucking in the pilot tunnel. Vault suspension scheme is adopted for the continuous belt conveyor, which can reduce the impact on the material flow organization in the cross passages. Multifunctional service vehicles (MSVs) independently developed by CCCC Group are used for the transportation of TBM materials and prefabricated inverted arch blocks, which can realize double-headed driving. TBM will pass through two large fault fracture zones F6 and F7. According to the stability of the surrounding rock at the tunnel face, the targeted treatment measures would be adopted. If necessary, the scheme of "steel segment + extruded concrete" shall be used for the initial support. In case of serious machine jamming or rock collapse, the heading expansion excavation method or bypass heading method shall be used. Tianshan Shengli Tunnel adopts phased forced ventilation option, and the ventilation mode is designed in stages with the change of tunnel construction stage. The fans and air pipes used are imported ones, and a ventilation management team is set up to strengthen ventilation management and ensure ventilation quality. Highly mechanized construction is used for the two D& B main tunnels, the application of equipment such as three-arm rock drilling jumbo and wet shotcrete machine is promoted, so as to reduce the number of workers and labor intensity, and improve work efficiency. The deep shafts of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel are constructed by short-section excavation and lining mixed operation method, and the initial support is lined by formwork pouring concrete, so as to realize safe and rapid excavation. According to the research results, the construction technology scheme for Tianshan Shengli Tunnel can meet the needs of tunnel construction. The research results can be directly used to guide the construction of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, and provide reference for the construction of extra long highway tunnels in high-altitude areas. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

低温条件下在役管道不停输沉降的设计与施工

管道沉降施工过程中,管道暴露在大气环境中,如果昼夜温差过大,会在管道内产生轴向应力,威胁管道安全。文中以涩宁兰一线和涩宁兰二线沉降施工为例,介绍了在役管道低温条件下不停输沉降的受力计算方法、施工步骤及注意事项,并通过增加沉管过渡段长度、降低管道操作压力等措施,降低了管道沉管施工的轴向拉伸应力,确保了低温条件下管道沉降施工安全,使沉管施工安全、顺利实施。