汽车悬挂参数的多级优化

本文以汽车最佳行驶平顺性为目标，提出了一种多级载荷悬挂参数优化的方法，并通过对多个最优点的拟合，得到相应的变刚度与变阻尼特性曲线以及弹性元件的P─δ（载荷一位移）关系，为汽车悬架设计提供了一种较合理的方法。     

虚拟激励法人-车-路三质量车辆模型平顺性分析

为评价汽车平顺性,建立简化的人体-座椅、车身及车轮三质量1／4车辆模型,给出了该模型振动系统的频响特性公式,采用虚拟激励法,构造虚拟路面激励,运用matlab编程求取所建模型系统振动响应量的功率谱密度,并进行了行驶平顺性分析。结果表明,汽车行驶速度与道路路面条件是影响汽车行驶平顺性主要外在因素,为获得良好的汽车行驶平顺性,应加以改善;虚拟激励法用于求解车辆振动响应,快速高效,能很好地反映汽车行驶的平顺性,提高汽车平顺性设计水平与效率。     

空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真研究

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其固有振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多，且不随汽车承载质量的变化而改变。安装有空气悬架的汽车车轮动载荷小，可以获得良好的行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性和行驶安全性，减小了高速行驶车辆对路面的破坏。空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛。本文以安装有空气悬架的大客车为研究对象，利用多体系统动力学原理建立空气弹簧大客车整车动力学仿真模型，并对其平顺性进行仿真研究。     

汽车悬挂上的扭杆弹簧及其应用

在现代汽车设计中,舒适性越来越受到重视,对汽车平顺性的要求也越来越高。为使汽车在行驶当中能够获得适当的操控性与舒适性,扭杆弹簧因此被用作汽车悬挂系统中的减振装置,利用弹簧的变形以吸收能量,缓解汽车在行驶时产生的振动和倾斜,在汽车上担负着十分重要的角色。文章分别介绍汽车悬挂扭杆弹簧的功用特点、结构原理,指出了适用车型,以及扭杆弹簧的加工制造和在车架上的装配要点。     

汽车振动与行驶平顺性的计算机模拟

本文利用十三个自由度的动力学模型模拟ＮＪ１０３５车的行驶平顺性，并提出对原车的平顺性改进方案，在此基础上着重分析了一般轻型汽车车体角振动的形成机制，悬挂阻尼以及簧下质量环节能角振动的影响。     

半挂汽车列车车架的柔性化对平顺性的影响

针对车架柔性对驾驶室平顺性的影响,建立了半挂汽车列车全浮式驾驶室平顺性分析的整车刚柔多体系统仿真模型和整车多刚体系统仿真模型,并对整车多体系统模型进行了仿真分析。通过对刚柔多体系统和多刚体系统之间的分析比较,分析和评价了车架柔性对驾驶室平顺性的影响。     

油气弹簧非线性特性对车辆平顺性的影响分析

推导并建立了某工程车辆油气弹簧的非线性刚度和阻尼特性的数学模型，并将其导入到车辆模型中。根据汽车悬架质量分配特点．将汽车简化为两自由度的舣质量振动系统，对此两自由度模型的车轮加速度、车身加速度和悬架动行程进行了仿真从仿真结果可以看出，非线性油气弹簧能很好地衰减由路面传递来的振动。分析了刚度和阻尼的变化对车辆平顺性的影响。     

汽车高速振动仿真与试验研究

系统介绍应用ＡＤＡＭＳ软件建立多自由度汽车振动模型的方法，并且建立与实际悬架系统和转向系统结构相对应并考虑内外激励的４３自由度整车动力学模型，研究汽车高速行驶时影响平顺性、操纵稳定性的主要原因。     

渐变刚度板簧建模方法与刚度特性仿真研究

渐变刚度钢板弹簧作为主要的承载元件,其刚度特性在衰减悬架总成传递的载荷以及提高整车的行驶平顺性过程中具有重要意义。本文在渐变刚度板簧的刚度特性分析中,建立了离散beam梁模型、柔性体动力学模型以及有限元模型,结合试验参数曲线进行了对比分析。通过分析认为柔性体动力学模型的刚度曲线特性与试验刚度曲线特性较为吻合,在整车平顺性仿真中实用性较强,结果与实际较为接近。     

汽车震动仿真分析

首先概述了汽车的行驶平顺性课题研究的意义和背景,随着私家车和重型汽车的需求量不断提高,私家车和重型汽车的行驶平顺性研究变得非常重要,体现了汽车行驶平顺性的建模与仿真分析研究具有的重要意义,介绍了国内外汽车行驶平顺性的建模与仿真研究的现实状况,确定了文章研究的主要议题。本文围绕汽车行驶平顺性的模型建立与仿真分析展开了研究,提出建模与仿真新方法:虚拟激励法的频域及时域仿真,基于有限元思路建立汽车振动结构数学模型的方法,基于变分理论时域数值方法,应用这二者对汽车行驶平顺性建模与仿真展开了研究,得出了有益结论。将平稳随机振动虚拟激励方法应用到了汽车行驶的平顺性仿真分析中,介绍了虚拟激励方法在行驶平顺性的仿真中的应用,探讨了虚拟激励法对于整车行驶平顺性仿真的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的车辆悬架系统等效物理参数识别

针对车辆悬架系统的功能及物理特性,以车轴的运动为系统输入,对复杂的整车行驶模型进行了合理简化。以某型专用越野车辆为例,建立了簧载质量的3自由度振动模型,推导了簧载质量任意位置处的加速度频响函数;利用汽车试验场道路测试数据,通过遗传算法编写VC程序进行了数据拟合,得到了悬架系统在不同路面工况下的等效物理参数。实际应用表明,拟合结果具有较高的可信度。     

Modelling and characteristic analysis of tri-axle trucks with hydraulically interconnected suspensions

In this paper, a new hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system is proposed for the implementation of a resistance control for the pitch and bounce modes of tri-axle heavy trucks. A lumped-mass half-truck model is established using the free-body diagram method. The equations of motion of a mechanical and hydraulic coupled system are developed by incorporating the hydraulic strut forces into the mechanical subsystem as externally applied forces. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to evaluate the impedance matrix of the hydraulic subsystem consisting of models of fluid pipes, damper valves, accumulators, and three-way junctions. The TMM is further applied to find the quantitative relationships between the hydraulic strut forces and boundary flow of the mechanical–fluid interactive subsystem. The modal analysis method is employed to perform the vibration analysis between the trucks with the conventional suspension and the proposed HIS. Comparison analysis focuses on free vibration with identified eigenvalues and eigenvectors, isolation vibration capacity, and force vibration in terms of the power spectrum density responses. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed HIS system in reducing the pitch motion of sprung mass and simultaneously maintaining the ride comfort. The pitch stiffness is increased while the bounce stiffness is slightly softened. The peak values of sprung mass and wheel hop motions are greatly reduced, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is also significantly increased.     

Analytical solutions for optimal ride comfort and tyre grip for passive vehicle suspensions

The paper derives analytical solutions for the global optimum of the ride comfort and tyre grip performance measures for a quarter-car vehicle model optimised both individually and in combination. The solutions are derived for six simple suspension networks comprising one or two springs, one damper and possibly one inerter. The solutions are functions of four vehicle parameters: the sprung mass, the unsprung mass, the tyre stiffness and the static stiffness, of the suspension.     

轴重和胎压对车轮动荷载的影响

为研究重型运输车辆对路面作用的动荷载,建立车辆动力学模型,模型中将簧上质量处理为空载簧上质量与装载质量,将轮胎刚度表示为轴重和胎压的函数。研究了轴重和胎压对车辆动荷载的影响。结果发现,车轮动荷载随着轴重和胎压的增加而增加;动载系数随着胎压的增加而增加,但随着轴重的增加而减小;胎压越高,车轮动载随轴重增加速度越快;仅仅采用轴重不足以评价重载高压车辆对路面的破坏作用,在治理超载的同时也应进一步治理超压：空载车辆对路面的冲击作用较大,不能忽视空载车辆对路面的破坏作用;实际高速运行车辆对路面施加较大的附加动荷载,现有《公路沥青路面设计规范》没有考虑附加动荷载是引起路面结构发生早期破坏的原因之一。     

Active controller design for an electromagnetic energy-regenerative suspension

In this paper, with the parameters acquired from measured and tested data, a three-phase mathematical model is applied to the motor component of the developed electromagnetic suspension actuator. A main/inner-loop structure is used for its active control, and the constraints of the control current and energy flow states of actuator are analyzed by simplifying the inner-loop control system. Two different control modes, i.e., Consumptive Full Active (CFA) and Regenerative Semi Active (RSA) modes, which emphasize vibration control of sprung mass and vibration energy regeneration caused by road roughness, respectively, are proposed. Simulations are carried out using different road conditions, and the results demonstrate that the CFA mode can improve vehicle ride comfort by more than 30 percent, despite battery energy consumption; in RSA mode, the ride comfort can be improved by up to 10 percent with the battery charged by regenerated energy.     

Design of passive vehicle suspensions for maximal least damping ratio

This paper studies the use of the least damping ratio among system poles as a performance metric in passive vehicle suspensions. Methods are developed which allow optimal solutions to be computed in terms of non-dimensional quantities in a quarter-car vehicle model. Solutions are provided in graphical form for convenient use across vehicle types. Three suspension arrangements are studied: the standard suspension involving a parallel spring and damper and two further suspension arrangements involving an inerter. The key parameters for the optimal solutions are the ratios of unsprung mass to sprung mass and suspension static stiffness to tyre vertical stiffness. A discussion is provided of performance trends in terms of the key parameters. A comparison is made with the optimisation of ride comfort and tyre grip metrics for various vehicle types.     

车身板件结构对汽车行车舒适性的影响

采用有限元与多体动力学相结合的方法分析了车身板件对振动的影响,改变车身板件局部结构,在对振动影响最大的前后地板上增加加强筋后对整车进行振动响应模拟,揭示了车身板件结构对汽车在路面激励下行车舒适性的影响。分析表明,在地板上增加加强筋可以极大地提高汽车的行车舒适性。     

Roll and pitch independently tuned interconnected suspension: modelling and dynamic analysis

In this paper, a roll and pitch independently tuned hydraulically interconnected passive suspension is presented. Due to decoupling of vibration modes and the improved lateral and longitudinal stability, the stiffness of individual suspension spring can be reduced for improving ride comfort and road grip. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model with anti-roll bars is established to investigate the vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses. The nonlinear fluidic model of the hydraulically interconnected suspension is developed and integrated with the full vehicle model to investigate the anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics. Time domain analysis of the vehicle model with the proposed suspension is conducted under different road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses are compared with conventional suspensions to demonstrate the potential of enhanced ride and handling performance. The results illustrate the model-decoupling property of the hydraulically interconnected system. The anti-roll and anti-pitch performance could be tuned independently by the interconnected systems. With the improved anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics, the bounce stiffness and ride damping can be optimised for better ride comfort and tyre grip.     

铰接式自卸车橡胶弹簧悬架系统试验研究

采用模拟随机输入路面谱激励室内台架试验的方法,对装有新型橡胶弹簧悬架系统的某型号铰接式自卸车进行台架试验研究,以评价橡胶弹簧悬架系统的减振性能和整车行驶平顺性。试验结果表明由于橡胶弹簧悬架系统某些参数匹配不合理导致该车行驶平顺性很不理想,通过优化悬架及座椅的刚度和阻尼参数,可提高整车行驶平顺性,并给出了座椅弹簧的优化结果。     

Flexible multibody simulation of automotive systems with non-modal model reduction techniques

The stiffness of the body structure of an automobile has a strong relationship with its noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. In this paper, the effect of the stiffness of the body structure upon ride quality is discussed with flexible multibody dynamics. In flexible multibody simulation, the local elastic deformation of the vehicle has been described traditionally with modal shape functions. Recently, linear model reduction techniques from system dynamics and mathematics came into the focus to find more sophisticated elastic shape functions. In this work, the NVH-relevant states of a racing kart are simulated, whereas the elastic shape functions are calculated with modern model reduction techniques like moment matching by projection on Krylov-subspaces, singular value decomposition-based reduction techniques, and combinations of those. The whole elastic multibody vehicle model consisting of tyres, steering, axle, etc. is considered, and an excitation with a vibration characteristics in a wide frequency range is evaluated in this paper. The accuracy and the calculation performance of those modern model reduction techniques is investigated including a comparison of the modal reduction approach.