广东物流产业升级路径与对策研究

本文分析了低碳经济政策、高油价、高路桥费的物流产业运行环境和产业结构调整给广东物流业带来的压力与挑战,认为在全球物流价值链中从功能操作向一体化集成物流发展将是广东物流产业升级的路径与方向,就广东物流产业升级问题提出了相应的对策与建议。     

商混物流管理的思考

随着国内经济的迅速发展和低碳经济理念的深入人心，商品混凝土企业（以下简称商混企业）面临着更大的发展机遇和巨大的挑战。物流是商混企业从生产到销售过程中的一个重要环节，如何有效解决物流成本居高不下等问题，是需要广大的商混企业和物流企业共同思考的课题。     

碳中和背景下低碳运输工具比选研究

基于碳足迹评价方法,构建全生命周期核算模型,从燃料周期、道路周期和车辆周期对电力机车、柴油重卡、纯电动重卡、混合动力重卡和天然气重卡的碳足迹进行了计算对比:电力机车碳足迹远低于其他四类重卡,是当前最低碳的物流运输工具,混合动力重卡在四类重卡中是当前低碳运输工具.通过对电力结构进行敏感性分析发现纯电动重卡和电力机车敏感性最高,当我国煤电比例降至50％时,纯电动重卡将取代混合动力重卡的位置.根据计算结果,为我国控制移动源碳排放政策的制定和碳达峰目标的实现提出:电力机车始终为最低碳的物流运输工具,在运输中应优先选择电力机车.四类重卡中混合动力重卡为当前低碳运输工具,纯电动重卡为未来低碳物流运输工具,所以在考虑运输的便利性和门到门的衔接运输中使用混合动力重卡,同时布局纯电动重卡的发展,随着电力结构的优化,逐步向纯电动重卡偏移.     

第六届中国物流节把脉物流业发展大势

国家＂十二五＂规划出台在即,物流业将迎来怎样的发展趋势？低碳时代,物流业又面临怎样的机遇与挑战？11月10日至12日,在北京召开的第六届中国国际物流节上,2200多名来自全球各地的物流业界代表热议物流业发展大势。     

宝恒通的低碳物流之路

物流企业发展商端服务，必须要走低碳化、绿色服务的发展路线。宝恒通集团在追求差异化、特色化的发展过程中，探索出了一条节能减排、低碳发展的路子。 车辆的燃油消耗和尾气排放，足道路运输碳排放的主要通道。     

低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济发展趋势研究

为实现公路交通运输经济的可持续发展,从优化交通结构、发展绿色交通技术、推进能源结构调整等方面分析低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济发展趋势。在此基础上,提出低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济的发展路径,包括建设绿色基础设施,促进资源循环利用;培育绿色物流企业,提升服务水平;建立碳排放管理体系,实现可持续发展等,以供参考。     

第六届中国物流节把脉物流业发展大势

国家"十二五"规划出台在即,物流业将迎来怎样的发展趋势?低碳时代,物流业又面临怎样的机遇与挑战?11月10日至12日,在北京召开的第六届中国国际物流节上,2200多名来自全球各地的物流业界代表热议物流业发展大势.     

简讯

安徽铜陵:首批10辆LNG重卡正式投运近年来,铜陵市货运物流发展迅猛,有多家上规模物流企业,为倡导低碳运输、降低经营者的运营成本,市运管处积极引导企业由单一依赖柴油能源向使用LNG燃料方向发展,金雄道路运输有限公司成了铜陵市"吃螃蟹第一人",此次采购并投入营运10辆LNG重型卡车。这批LNG卡车与柴油车相比优势明显,天然气的价格比柴     

新形势下公路运输经济优化发展路径研究

为促进公路运输经济优化发展,从低碳经济发展形势和现代物流体系发展形势两个方面,分析公路运输经济发展路径,探索公路运输促进经济优化发展策略,总结未来国内公路运输经济的发展方向,以期最大限度地发挥出公路运输的社会价值。     

世界城市地铁运营里程排行榜营运里程（截至2010年7月）

我国物流业如何体现低碳经济的要求,一般认为需要从技术层面、规划层面和政策层面来统筹研究。技术层面主要指鼓励节能减排的技术创新和推广应用。规划层面包括产业布局和具体的物流解决方案。政策层面包括国家在制度建设方面的新措施。集约资源是绿色物流的本质内容。当前,我国物流运作跨越不同的行业和地区,管理属于不同部门,缺乏统一领导。因此,建立政府部门协调机制,用制度来统一管理物流活动,全面规划物流的发展显得十分必要。     

基于GPS和GSM的清管器智能跟踪系统

为了在清管施工中实时跟踪清管器,设计一种基于GPS系统和GSM通信系统的智能清管器跟踪系统,系统包括发射机、中继器和监控系统。发射机搭载在清管器上持续发射电磁信号和静磁信号,中继器预先埋设在设定的跟踪点接收和转发通过信息;清管器通过跟踪点时,中继器接收发射机发出的信号,精确识别出清管器并将通过时间和跟踪点GPS位置信息通过GSM网络发送至监控系统;监控系统接收到信息后,在监控界面地图上实时显示通过位置和通过时间。清管器卡堵时,系统可及时在地图上指示卡堵区间和到达卡堵现场路径。现场应用表明:该系统实现了清管器智能跟踪,通过时间和通过位置记录精确,降低清管施工中安全风险,节约成本。     

西部交通基础设施影响评价指标体系研究

文章以交通基础设施为研究主体,以西部地区社会经济为研究对象,结合国内外基础设施评价的理论基础和西部地区的实际情况,分析主体和研究对象之间的影响因素,并在此基础上构建了交通基础设施评价指标体系,从区域经济影响、社会环境、自然环境3个方面评估交通基础设施对西部地区的影响,通过模糊综合评价模型的计算,得到分项评价结果和总体评价结果,并作出评价分析。     

A new approach for modeling of Fundamental Diagrams

According to the intra-vehicle interaction, a traffic flow can generally be divided into three homogeneous states (1) that of free driving, (2) that of bunched driving, and (3) that of standing. The parameter describing the state of free driving is the desired speed, for the state of bunching it is the intra-vehicle gaps (time headway) within the convoy and the mean speed of the convoy, and for the state of standing it is the maximum jam density. These are the most essential parameters which do not depend on the actual traffic situation.This paper introduces a new model which considers the Fundamental Diagram (equilibrium speed–flow–density relationship) as a function of the homogeneous states. All traffic situations in reality can be considered as combinations of the homogeneous states and therefore can be described by the essential parameters mentioned above. The non-congested (fluid) traffic is a combination (superposition) of the states of free driving and bunched driving, the congested (jam, stop, and go) traffic is a combination of the states of bunched driving (go) and standing (stop). The contribution of the traffic states within the differently congested traffic situations can then be easily obtained from the queuing and probability theory. As a result, Fundamental Diagram in all equilibrium traffic situations is derived as simple functions of the essential parameters.According to the new model the capacity of freeways and rural highways can be determined by measuring the essential parameters. This is much easier than measuring the capacity directly.Furthermore, the probabilities of the various traffic states can be obtained from the new model. This leads to new possibilities in real-time controlling and telematics.The new model is verified by comprehensive measurements carried out on freeways and rural highways in Germany.     

Factors affecting the use of bus and rail services in a deregulated environment

In 1987, the NSW Government commenced deregulation of the long-distance bus industry in NSW. This immediately led to greater inter-modal competition and contestability within the context of changing passenger markets.This study utilises categorical data analysis methods to examine the emerging passenger markets of inter-modal competitors (bus and rail) and to assess the relative importance of socioeconomic and travel related variables which affect the use of bus and rail services along the high volume Sydney-Canberra and Sydney-North Coast corridors.Conclusions from the study indicate varied passenger markets within a relatively new contestable environment which are mode and corridor specific. Results are indicative of the need for competitors to develop marketing strategies conducive to the demands of the travelling public in order to enhance viability and commercial opportunities.     

Vulnerability and resilience of transport systems – A discussion of recent research

The transport system is critical to the welfare of modern societies. This article provides an overview of recent research on vulnerability and resilience of transport systems. Definitions of vulnerability and resilience are formulated and discussed together with related concepts. In the increasing and extensive literature of transport vulnerability studies, two distinct traditions are identified. One tradition with roots in graph theory studies the vulnerability of transport networks based on their topological properties. The other tradition also represents the demand and supply side of the transport systems to allow for a more complete assessment of the consequences of disruptions or disasters for the users and society. The merits and drawbacks of the approaches are discussed. The concept of resilience offers a broader socio-technical perspective on the transport system’s capacity to maintain or quickly recover its function after a disruption or a disaster. The transport resilience literature is less abundant, especially concerning the post-disaster phases of response and recovery. The research on transport system vulnerability and resilience is now a mature field with a developed methodology and a large amount of research findings with large potential practical usefulness. The authors argue that more cross-disciplinary collaborations between authorities, operators and researchers would be desirable to transform this knowledge into practical strategies to strengthen the resilience of the transport system.     

A cost and CO2 comparison of using trains and higher capacity trucks when UK FMCG companies collaborate

Companies working in a collaboration are able to achieve higher vehicle capacity utilisation and reduced empty running, resulting in lower costs and improved sustainability through reduced emissions and congestion. Collaboration produces higher volumes of goods to be moved than individual companies which means that further efficiencies may be possible by relaxing the freight mode constraints and considering rail and higher capacity vehicles. This paper explains how real world data has been used in a model to quantify the economic and environmental benefits in the FMCG sector delivered through collaboration utilising road and rail freight modes. Data for one month was provided by 10 FMCG companies and included freight transport flows between depots and customers, inter depot movements, and supplier collections. Detailed road and rail costs and operating characteristics were obtained and, with the transport flows, applied to a network design model which was used to validate the company data sets. A strategy examining the potential use of alternative higher capacity vehicles and rail for the flows between nine regional consolidation centres showed cost and CO₂ savings. Just under half the inter-regional flows benefited from double deck trailers, longer heavier vehicles for 30% of the flows and rail with different wagon configurations for the rest. In summary there was a 23% reduction in cost with 58% fewer road kilometres and a 46% reduction in CO₂ emissions. The ability to backhaul the same mode of transport between most of the regional centres was one of the strengths of this strategy.     

Walking,cycling and the urban form: A Heckman selection model of active travel mode and distance by young adolescents

Physical inactivity of children and adolescents is a major public health challenge of the modern era but, when adequately promoted and nurtured, active travel offers immediate health benefits and forms future sustainable and healthy travel habits. This study explores jointly the choice and the extent of active travel of young adolescents while considering walking and cycling as distinct travel forms, controlling for objective urban form measures, and taking both a “street-buffer” looking at the immediate home surroundings and a “transport-zone” looking at wider neighborhoods. A Heckman selection model represents the distance covered while cycling (walking) given the mode choice being bicycle (walk) for a representative sample of 10–15 year-olds from the Capital Region of Denmark extracted from the Danish national travel survey. Results illustrate the necessity of different urban environments for walking and cycling, as the former relates to “street-buffer” urban form measures and the latter also to “transport-zone ” ones. Results also show that lessening the amount and the density of car traffic, diminishing the movement of heavy vehicles in local streets, reducing the conflict points with the density of intersections, and intervening on crash frequency and severity, would increase the probability and the amount of active travel by young adolescents. Last, results indicate that zones in rural areas and at a higher percentage of immigrants are likely to have lower probability and amount of active travel by young adolescents.     

Stockholm congestion charging: an assessment with METROPOLIS and SILVESTER

This paper reviews and compares the performance of two dynamic transportation models – METROPOLIS and SILVESTER – which are used to predict the impacts of congestion charging for Stockholm. Both are mesoscopic dynamic models treating accumulation and dissipation of traffic queues, route choice, modal split and departure time choice. The models are calibrated independently for the baseline situation without charges and applied to forecast the effects of congestion charging. The results obtained from the two models are mutually compared and validated against the actual outcome of the Stockholm congestion charging scheme. Both models successfully predict the outcomes of the congestion charging trial at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. Results of welfare analysis, however, differ substantially due to differences in model specification.     

Understanding the role of the forecast-maker in overestimation forecasts of policy impacts: The case of Travel Demand Management policies

Forecasting the impacts of a proposed policy is an important component of the transportation planning and decision making process. Although scientific tools are often used in transportation forecasts, biases and, more specifically, overestimations of the expected impact are often observed. This study explores the correlations between forecast-maker’s characteristics and forecast bias creation and reduction. The study examines two transport-related policies aiming at the reduction of car use: telecommuting and carsharing. Both are Travel Demand Management (TDM) policies, which attract much attention from transport experts. We tested the extent to which the forecast-maker’s beliefs about the policy at stake affected the forecast bias. We found that attitudes and beliefs associates not only with overestimation bias but also with its reduction over time. We also tested the extent to which the forecast-maker’s affiliation, the performing institute and the publication type were correlated with the biases of the forecast and with the forecaster attitudes and beliefs. These characteristics are intuitively used by the forecast user as tools to assess the ‘objectivity’ of the forecast, but our analysis found no association between these characteristics and the forecast bias.