Investigation into untripped rollover of light vehicles in the modified fishhook and the sine maneuvers. Part I: Vehicle modelling, roll and yaw instability

Vehicle rollovers may occur under steering-only maneuvers because of roll or yaw instability. In this paper, the modified fishhook and the sine maneuvers are used to investigate a vehicle's rollover resistance capability through simulation. A 9-degrees of freedom (DOF) vehicle model is first developed for the investigation. The vehicle model includes the roll, yaw, pitch, and bounce modes and passive independent suspensions. It is verified with the existing 3-DOF roll-yaw model. A rollover critical factor (RCF) quantifying a vehicle's rollover resistance capability is then constructed based on the static stability factor (SSF) and taking into account the influence of other key dynamic factors.

Simulation results show that the vehicle with certain parameters will rollover during the fishhook maneuver because of roll instability; however, the vehicle with increased suspension stiffness, which does not rollover during the fishhook maneuver, may exceed its rollover resistance limit because of yaw instability during the sine maneuver. Typically, rollover in the sine maneuver happens after several cycles.

It has been found that the proposed RCF well quantifies the rollover resistance capability of a vehicle for the two specified maneuvers. In general, the larger the RCF, the more kinetically stable is a vehicle. A vehicle becomes unstable when its RCF is less than zero. Detailed discussion on the effects of key vehicle system parameters and drive conditions on the RCF in the fishhook and the sine maneuver is presented in Part II of this study.     

A Versatile Flat Track Tire Testing Machine

Summary A flat track tire testing machine developed by the IMMa group is described. It permits the simulation and study of the dynamic behavior of a great variety of tires under controllable and repetitive highly dynamic realistic working conditions in the laboratory for a diversity of vehicles, from motorcycles to light trucks. The machine incorporates: - a hydraulically operated tire support and loading system with wide operating ranges; - a computer controlled brake system to simulate braking maneuvers with ABS systems; - a complete sensorial system; - a data acquisition and control system continually monitoring and acting on the experimental variables, i.e., tire and belt speed, longitudinal slip, slip and camber angles, tire pressure, tire normal force, etc. As an application example, results are presented that adjust the parameter of the magic formula for a standard 175/70 R14 passenger vehicle tire. Accurate mathematical tire models are recognized as essential for the prediction of vehicle dynamic performances using simulation tools.     

轻型商用车电量平衡试验研究

汽车产品供电系统的电量平衡性能直接影响整车成本及用户使用感受。基于某款轻型商用车开发验证实例,结合轻型商用车产品定位及使用特点,从整车电量平衡试验设定、测试要求、评价准则等方面进行论述,并针对该车型在较大功率负载下整车电量不平衡问题提出了改进意见。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

利用柔性轮胎模型对车辆起步过程中过渡响应的研究

利用模态参数柔性轮胎模型模拟车辆在起步过程中的动态响应特性，并以相应轴头加速度响应特性的试验结果间接给予了验证。从而解释了车辆在起步时需要较大驱动力矩的原因。其结果亦解释了文献中所描述的起步过程现象。     

汽车爆胎对运动状态的影响研究

汽车爆胎是一种极其危险的工况,通过数学公式难以准确表达爆胎轮胎的力学特性,试验研究难度较大。文章以Carsim软件中的205/45 R17型轮胎为载体,通过对爆胎轮胎参数进行修正,建立了Carsim内置轮胎爆胎模型。通过仿真计算,车辆发生爆胎会导致汽车偏离预期道路,车身向爆胎轮胎侧偏转,爆胎轮胎纵向力及侧偏力剧烈变化,导致受爆胎影响最大的轮胎纵向力变大3.5倍,侧偏力变大10.5倍,仿真结果为爆胎车辆稳定性控制研究提供了基础。     

基于轮胎印迹的事故再现方法研究

首先建立了相机的三维摄影测量模型,用于轮胎印迹的准确勘测和建模。然后建立了车辆运动及碰撞过程中的动力学模型,用以模拟车辆在碰撞前、碰撞过程及碰撞后的运动轨迹,和摄影测量得到的轮胎印迹模型比较,采用轨迹优化的方法实现交通事故在计算机上的三维模拟再现。最后通过在典型事故再现中的应用阐述此方法的应用价值。     

轮胎模态试验分析的研究

为寻求对轮胎高阶模态参数的提取,对一子午线轮胎分别进行了单、双点激振模态试验分析的研究,并用LMS Cada—X中的FDPI方法及LMS Test．Lab中的PolyMAX方法进行了分析比较。结果表明,FDPI方法只能识别出低频范围的模态参数,而PolyMAX方法对高频段难以识别出的模态参数也可给出较好的结果。对轮胎这种具有很好的对称性的结构,双点激振可给出很好的重根模态。     

Vehicle stability control system for enhancing steerabilty,lateral stability,and roll stability

The Vehicle stability control system is an active safety system designed to prevent accidents from occurring and to stabilize dynamic maneuvers of a vehicle by generating an artificial yaw moment using differential brakes. In this paper, in order to enhance vehicle steerability, lateral stability, and roll stability, each reference yaw rate is designed and combined into a target yaw rate depending on the driving situation. A yaw rate controller is designed to track the target yaw rate based on sliding mode control theory. To generate the total yaw moment required from the proposed yaw rate controller, each brake pressure is properly distributed with effective control wheel decision. Estimators are developed to identify the roll angle and body sideslip angle of a vehicle based on the simplified roll dynamics model and parameter adaptation approach. The performance of the proposed vehicle stability control system and estimation algorithms is verified with simulation results and experimental results.     

用于不平路面车辆动力学仿真的轮胎模型综述

介绍了轮胎在不平路面的动力学特性。在回顾不平路面轮胎动力学模型发展的基础上，以近期的研究工作为重点，对用于不平路面车辆动力学仿真的轮胎模型进行了较为系统的介绍。概要地阐述了各种轮胎模型的建模理论、方法，并进行了分析和评述。最后，总结了不平路面轮胎力学建模的核心问题及发展方向，对不平路面车辆动力学仿真选择合适的轮胎模型给出了建议。     

A novel global sensitivity analysis on the observation accuracy of the coupled vehicle model

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel 2-step global sensitivity analysis algorithm to provide an in-depth sensitivity analysis of the vehicle parameters on the system responses. A 9 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vertical–lateral coupled vehicle model is developed, and 12 parameters along with 7 system responses are selected for the sensitivity analysis. In order to reduce the computational effort, the proposed 2-step algorithm calculates the elementary effects and selects 7 influential parameters from these 12, and then uses the Sobol' method to obtain the global sensitivity indexes of these influential parameters. An unscented Kalman filter is finally designed to show the effect and importance of the selected sensitive parameters on the observation accuracy. Simulations with different vehicle types, velocities and tyre models have verified that the proposed algorithm can accurately describe the relationship between the vehicle parameters and system responses, which is of directive significance to improve vehicle controller and observer performances.     

面向越野汽车通过性虚拟试验的有限元轮胎模型研究

分析了胎压与粘弹性对轮胎模型的影响,提出利用系数修正胎压对刚度和有效接地面积的影响来提高精度的方法。推导了三参数标准线性粘弹性模型的本构关系,得到了四节点等参单元有限元的刚度矩阵,建立了轮胎平面应力状态下的有限元模型。以轮胎六分力传感器为核心构建了轮胎模型的标定和验证系统,标定并验证了该轮胎模型的正确性。     

高速公路弯道行车轨迹仿真与影响因素分析

针对山区高速公路弯道事故高发的特点,对山区高速公路的弯道行车轨迹进行了仿真研究。首先考虑山区高速公路汽车行驶状态的非线性特性,建立基于非线性的5自由度汽车动力学模型的驾驶员-汽车-道路闭环操纵系统模型,然后应用模型对山区高速公路弯道的行车轨迹进行了模拟仿真,通过对不同道路条件下行车轨迹的对比分析,得到其对高速公路曲线段行车轨迹的影响规律：随着圆曲线曲率的增加,缓和曲线长度的减少,曲线超高的增大,行车轨迹侧向偏移越大。仿真结果对高速公路曲线段道路交通安全管理提供了理论支持。     

基于仿真分析的汽车侧翻风险研究

侧翻事故是汽车产品缺陷可能引发的一种典型风险.文中应用ADAMS软件建立仿真模型,模拟车辆侧翻事故过程以研究其发生机理,并通过正交试验分析了侧翻风险与其主要影响因素之间的关系.     

汽车侧翻和滚翻事故建模研究

分析汽车在侧翻和滚翻过程中的受力状态和轮胎或车身与路面的相互作用方式,建立汽车侧翻和滚翻的运动学和动力学模型,揭示汽车临界侧翻碰撞力与持续作用时间等参数的关系,推导侧翻车辆侧向速度的范围,确定滚筒模型中关键参数的选取方法。事故案例表明模型在实际应用中效果良好、定量准确、直观性强。     

后驱动桥噪声在线检测系统的研究

介绍自主开发的后驱动桥噪声在线检测系统。该系统采用了声强测量技术,根据声强测量原理,设计了相应的软件和硬件并介绍了主要功能和关键技术。为了验证噪声检测系统的精度和可靠性,在半消声室和普通房间内,分别对标准声功率源和小型电机作声功率对比测量试验。试验结果表明该噪声检测系统抗干扰能力强,测量精度高,受环境噪声影响小,能很好地适应工业现场在线检测的要求。     

一种新型电热压轮胎修补机

目前，市场上所使用的能兼顾内、外胎修补的电热补胎机，功率大，且需要专门配置温度控制系统，结构复杂，成本高。现设计一种新型电热压补胎机，选用新型加热元件，自动恒温，功率小，结构简单，质量轻，便于携带。详细介绍了该机的技术参数、基本结构和主要特点。     

在用车排放检测试验方法的研究

主对比了现行种在用车尾气排放检测方法的优劣。通过详细介绍美国加速模拟工况法（ASM）的工况点的确定和其检测效果，证明了加速模拟工况法的可行性。在分析了美国加速模拟工况法的基础上，提出了适合我国国情的稳态加载试验法的理论和试验方法，并通过十五工况法工况点的频次统计，初步在理论上对稳态加载试验法进行了论证。