Investigation into untripped rollover of light vehicles in the modified fishhook and the sine maneuvers. Part I: Vehicle modelling, roll and yaw instability

Vehicle rollovers may occur under steering-only maneuvers because of roll or yaw instability. In this paper, the modified fishhook and the sine maneuvers are used to investigate a vehicle's rollover resistance capability through simulation. A 9-degrees of freedom (DOF) vehicle model is first developed for the investigation. The vehicle model includes the roll, yaw, pitch, and bounce modes and passive independent suspensions. It is verified with the existing 3-DOF roll-yaw model. A rollover critical factor (RCF) quantifying a vehicle's rollover resistance capability is then constructed based on the static stability factor (SSF) and taking into account the influence of other key dynamic factors.

Simulation results show that the vehicle with certain parameters will rollover during the fishhook maneuver because of roll instability; however, the vehicle with increased suspension stiffness, which does not rollover during the fishhook maneuver, may exceed its rollover resistance limit because of yaw instability during the sine maneuver. Typically, rollover in the sine maneuver happens after several cycles.

It has been found that the proposed RCF well quantifies the rollover resistance capability of a vehicle for the two specified maneuvers. In general, the larger the RCF, the more kinetically stable is a vehicle. A vehicle becomes unstable when its RCF is less than zero. Detailed discussion on the effects of key vehicle system parameters and drive conditions on the RCF in the fishhook and the sine maneuver is presented in Part II of this study.     

铰接车辆转向侧翻过程仿真

建立了铰接式车辆转向侧翻过程的数学模型,根据铰接式车辆在转向侧翻过程中的一些重要特性,研究和分析了铰接车辆侧翻的影响参数,通过过程仿真,获得了实现铰按车辆安全转向的车速临界值.     

轻型商用车电量平衡试验研究

汽车产品供电系统的电量平衡性能直接影响整车成本及用户使用感受。基于某款轻型商用车开发验证实例,结合轻型商用车产品定位及使用特点,从整车电量平衡试验设定、测试要求、评价准则等方面进行论述,并针对该车型在较大功率负载下整车电量不平衡问题提出了改进意见。     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

Vehicle stability control system for enhancing steerabilty,lateral stability,and roll stability

The Vehicle stability control system is an active safety system designed to prevent accidents from occurring and to stabilize dynamic maneuvers of a vehicle by generating an artificial yaw moment using differential brakes. In this paper, in order to enhance vehicle steerability, lateral stability, and roll stability, each reference yaw rate is designed and combined into a target yaw rate depending on the driving situation. A yaw rate controller is designed to track the target yaw rate based on sliding mode control theory. To generate the total yaw moment required from the proposed yaw rate controller, each brake pressure is properly distributed with effective control wheel decision. Estimators are developed to identify the roll angle and body sideslip angle of a vehicle based on the simplified roll dynamics model and parameter adaptation approach. The performance of the proposed vehicle stability control system and estimation algorithms is verified with simulation results and experimental results.     

Vehicle dynamic estimation with road bank angle consideration for rollover detection: theoretical and experimental studies

This article describes a method of vehicle dynamics estimation for impending rollover detection. This method is evaluated via a professional vehicle dynamics software and then through experimental results using a real test vehicle equipped with an inertial measurement unit. The vehicle dynamic states are estimated in the presence of the road bank angle (as a disturbance in the vehicle model) using a robust observer. The estimated roll angle and roll rate are used to compute the rollover index which is based on the prediction of the lateral load transfer. In order to anticipate the rollover detection, a new method is proposed in order to compute the time-to-rollover using the load transfer ratio. The used nonlinear model is deduced from the vehicle lateral dynamics and is represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. This representation is used in order to take into account the nonlinearities of lateral cornering forces. The proposed TS observer is designed with unmeasurable premise variables in order to consider the non-availability of the slip angles measurement. Simulation results show that the proposed observer and rollover detection method exhibit good efficiency.     

面向配光特性的汽车AFS动态转角数学模型研究

针对常用的汽车自适应前照灯(AFS)转角数学模型存在的问题,对汽车车身侧倾角与转弯半径及车速之间关系进行研究,建立面向配光特性的汽车AFS动态转角数学模型,通过AFS的二维转动对侧倾后AFS照射方向进行修正。结果表明,与常用的AFS转角数学模型相比,AFS动态转角数学模型求得的前照灯转角在yz平面上补偿角αx(t)最大达0.7°,占yz平面上设计旋转角度的28%,解决了侧倾后常用的AFS配光特性难以达到国家标准GB4599-2007要求的问题。     

Understanding the limitations of different vehicle models for roll dynamics studies

An accurate and realistic vehicle model is essential for the development of effective vehicle control systems. Many different vehicle models have been developed for use in various vehicle control systems. The complexity of these models and the assumptions made in their development depend on their application. This article looks into the development and validity of vehicle models for prediction of roll behavior and their suitability for application in roll control systems. A 14 DOF vehicle model that includes dynamics of roll center and nonlinear effects due to vehicle geometry changes is developed. The limitations, validity of simplified equations, and various modeling assumptions are discussed by analyzing their effect on the model roll responses in various vehicle maneuvers. A formulation of the popular 8 DOF vehicle model that gives good correlation with the 14 DOF model is presented. The possible limitations of the 14 DOF model compared with an actual vehicle are also discussed.     

自卸车侧翻稳定性分析

本文以一起整车侧翻事故为例,从自卸车的使用环境、操作方法、车辆结构等方面,分析自卸车侧翻的原因,并为减少此类侧翻问题提出了自己的建议。     

基于ADAMS/Car的车辆侧翻风险因素研究

为了研究车辆侧翻风险因素对车辆侧翻的影响程度,运用ADAMS/Car软件建立了某轿车的多体动力学模型,基于仿真分析的方法进行了鱼钩转向侧翻试验设计,并选取横向载荷转移率作为度量车辆侧翻风险的指标.通过正交试验的方法,研究了路面摩擦系数、车辆行驶速度、方向盘角速度以及质心高度对车辆侧翻的影响程度.结果表明,在给定的水平下影响车辆侧翻的因素按其影响的强弱程度依次为:车辆行驶速度、路面摩擦系数、质心高度、方向盘角速度,其中车辆行驶速度对车辆的侧翻具有显著性影响.     

基于混合仿真技术的车辆横向稳定性控制系统

介绍了利用先进计算机技术和仿真软件,进行车辆横向稳定性控制器设计以及系统混合仿真的过程。首先建立了8自由度车辆动力学系统模型,然后利用前馈补偿和模糊控制策略,设计了车辆横向稳定性控制器。最后对车辆横向稳定性控制系统进行了实时混合仿真研究。仿真结果表明所设计的车辆横向稳定性控制器控制有效,实时性好,而且在道路条件和行驶条件改变时具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性。     

A novel global sensitivity analysis on the observation accuracy of the coupled vehicle model

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel 2-step global sensitivity analysis algorithm to provide an in-depth sensitivity analysis of the vehicle parameters on the system responses. A 9 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vertical–lateral coupled vehicle model is developed, and 12 parameters along with 7 system responses are selected for the sensitivity analysis. In order to reduce the computational effort, the proposed 2-step algorithm calculates the elementary effects and selects 7 influential parameters from these 12, and then uses the Sobol' method to obtain the global sensitivity indexes of these influential parameters. An unscented Kalman filter is finally designed to show the effect and importance of the selected sensitive parameters on the observation accuracy. Simulations with different vehicle types, velocities and tyre models have verified that the proposed algorithm can accurately describe the relationship between the vehicle parameters and system responses, which is of directive significance to improve vehicle controller and observer performances.